transference-轉(zhuǎn)義--(英語(yǔ)文體學(xué)要略)解析.ppt

1、4.2 Transference,In literature, transference of meaning（轉(zhuǎn)義） is the process whereby literary absurdity leads the mind to comprehension on a figurative plane. It refers to such traditional figures of speech as synecdoche, metonymy and metaphor.,4.2.1 Synecdoche (提喻),Synecdoche is a type of transferenc

2、e of meaning which involves the substitution of a part for the whole. In synecdoche, a part is used to represent the whole, the whole for a part, or the material for the thing from it.,synecdoche,a.部分和整體互代； b.以個(gè)體代替整個(gè)類； c.以材料代替事物。 They are short of hands at the moment. workers, labourers or helpers T

3、hey share the sameroof. house He is the Newtonof this century. scientist,Return to her?. No, rather I abjure all roofs and choose To be a comrade with the wolf and owl. (Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew) Here, roofs refer to whole houses or buildings. Wolf refers not to one particular wolf but t

4、o all the wolves and all beasts of prey and in the same way, owl refers to all the owls and all the birds of prey.,Return to her?. No, rather I abjure all roofs and choose To be a comrade with the wolf and owl. 回她那兒去?. 不，我寧愿拋棄所有屋子，而選擇 與狼和貓頭鷹為伍,4.2.2 Metonymy ( 轉(zhuǎn)喻、換喻),Metonymy is a type of transferen

5、ce which involves the substitution of a word referring to an attribute of the thing that is meant, rather than the substitution of a part for the whole, or the whole for a part. It means a change of name. One word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated.,metonymy, I

6、am reading Shakespeare. Shakespeares works The kettle boils. The water in the kettle He is fond of the bottle. Wine Grey hairs should be respected. Old people 迎面走來(lái)了三個(gè)“紅領(lǐng)巾”。 少先隊(duì)員,The glories of our blood and state, Are shadows, not substantial things; There is no armour against fate; Death lays his i

7、cy hand on kings; Sceptre and Crown Must tumble down And in the dust be equal made With the poor crooked Scythe and Spade. （ Shirley, DEATH THE LEVELLER ）,DEATH THE LEVELLER 死亡使人人平等,The glories of our blood and state 我們的血統(tǒng)和權(quán)勢(shì)帶來(lái)的榮華， Are shadows，not substantial things； 不是什么實(shí)體，而只是幻影； There is no armour

8、 againstfate； 從來(lái)沒(méi)有能抵擋住命運(yùn)的盔甲； Death lays his icy hand on Kings： 當(dāng)死神冰冷的手放在國(guó)王們頭頂 Sceptre and Crown 權(quán)杖與王冠 Musttumbledown， 終究要倒翻， And in the dust be equal made 它們將同卑微的長(zhǎng)曲鐮和鐵锨， With the poor crooked scythe and spade. 不分高低，同樣在塵土中長(zhǎng)眠。 Some men with swords may reap the field,有些人或許能用利劍刈割田中作物， And plant fresh la

9、urels where they kill： 在殺戳眾生之地種植新的月桂； But theirstrong nerves at last must yield：可是他們堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的神經(jīng)最后也要屈服； Theytame but one another still： 他們絕不可能把死亡征服擊退；,Early orlate 他們或早或遲 They stoop to fate， 也得向命運(yùn)屈膝， Andmust give uptheir murmuring breath 縱然抱怨人生苦短，最終也得吞聲咽氣， When they，pale captives，creep to death. 象一群蒼白無(wú)力的俘虜

10、，爬進(jìn)死亡之域。 Thegarlands wither on your brow； 重重的花環(huán)在你的額頭凋殘， Then boast no more your mightydeeds； 再不要夸耀你的什么豐功偉業(yè)！ Upon Deaths purple altar now 請(qǐng)看，在死神紫黑色的祭壇 See where the victor-victim bleeds： 勝利者受害者此刻都在流血 Your heads must come 你們高貴的頭顱 To the cold tomb； 也要鉆入冰冷的墳?zāi)梗?Only the actions of the just 唯有正直的人們的正義行為，

11、Smell sweet，and blossom in their dust 在塵埃中蓓蕾盛開(kāi)，永葆芳菲。,Synecdoche VS Metonymy,They have often been confused with each other, as both of them involve substitution, only metonymy involves substitution of the name of one thing for that of another closely associated with it, whereas synecdoche involves th

12、e substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. Synecdoche 是一種同類（similarity）的概念，而Metonymy 是一種接近（contiguity）的概念。,轉(zhuǎn)喻(Metonymy)是指當(dāng)甲事物同乙事物不相類似，但有密切 關(guān)系時(shí)，可以利用這種關(guān)系，以乙事物的名稱來(lái)取代甲事 物，這樣的一種修辭手段。其重點(diǎn)不是在“相似”；而是 在“聯(lián)想”。 提喻(Synecdoche)是不直接說(shuō)某一事物的名稱，而是借事物 的本身所呈現(xiàn)的各種對(duì)應(yīng)的現(xiàn)象來(lái)表現(xiàn)該事物的這樣一種修 辭手段 。 轉(zhuǎn)喻主要借助于密切的

13、關(guān)系與聯(lián)想，而提喻則是借助于部分 相似。,There are many eyes here. He has an eye for beauty. There are ears in the corners of the wall. I had his ears.,4.2.3 Metaphor (暗喻、隱喻),Metaphor is associated with a particular rule of transference which may be called the “metaphoric rule”. That is, the figurative meaning is deriv

14、ed from the literal meaning or it is, as it were, the literal meaning. A figure of speech in which an implicit comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common. 暗喻把一種事物名稱用在另一事物上，從而更生動(dòng)，更深刻 地說(shuō)明事物，增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言表現(xiàn)力。,All the world is a stage. And all the men and women merely pla

15、yers. 世間是舞臺(tái)，男女皆演員。 A high cold star on a winters night is the word he feels that she says to him. 他感到她對(duì)他說(shuō)的話就像高懸在寒冬夜里的 一顆寒星。,Tenor VS Vehicle,Tenor (本體) is for the literal meaning while vehicle (喻體) is for the figurative meaning. A high cold star on a winters night is the word he feels that she says

16、to him. Ground : the likeness perceived between tenor and vehicle,Lifes but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage, And then is heard no more; it is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. William Shakespeare, Macbeth, Act V Life here is said to be a walking shadow, a poor player and a tale told by an idiot.,人生不過(guò)是一個(gè)行走的影子，一個(gè)在舞臺(tái)上指手劃腳的拙劣 的伶人，登場(chǎng)片刻，就在無(wú)聲無(wú)息中悄然退下；它是一個(gè)愚 人所講的故事，充滿著喧嘩和騷動(dòng)，卻找不到一點(diǎn)意義。 人生不過(guò)是一個(gè)行走的影子，一個(gè)在舞臺(tái)上高談闊步的可憐 演員，無(wú)聲無(wú)息的悄然退下；這只是一個(gè)傻子說(shuō)的故事，說(shuō) 的慷慨激昂, 卻毫無(wú)意義。 人生無(wú)非就是個(gè)來(lái)去匆匆的影子，無(wú)論在臺(tái)上怎么頤指氣使， 到頭來(lái)都只不過(guò)是個(gè)落魄的戲子，被人遺忘