Grammar過去分詞.ppt

1、Grammar,The past participle,The past participle as the Attribute, Predicative, the object complement and Adverb. 過去分詞充當(dāng)定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語。 作用與用法： 過去分詞(表示完成和被動的動作)具有形容詞、副詞的作用,在句中可以用作定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語,但不能單獨構(gòu)成謂語。, 定語 過去分詞作定語,表示分詞動作與所修飾的名詞之間存在被動關(guān)系。單一的過去分詞作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前;過去分詞短語作定語放在被修飾之后,過去分詞及過去分詞短語作定語均可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個定

2、語從句。,如: The _window (=The window _) will be replaced soon. (break) 破損的窗戶很快就會被換掉。 The books _ yesterday are of high quality. (buy) 昨天買的書確實很不錯。,Which/that was broken,Which/that were bought,broken,bought, 表語 過去分詞作表語, 表示主語的狀態(tài), 且該狀態(tài)通常是由外界因素引起的。這時過去分詞可以被看作一個形容詞, 是形容詞化的過去分詞。 如: Im interested in reading nov

3、els written by Jin Yong. 我對金庸寫的小說很感興趣。, 賓語補足語 作賓語補足語的過去分詞一般是及物動詞,和賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系?？梢詭н^去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有: A. see, hear, watch, feel, think ,find 等表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞。 She found her book_. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)書被偷了。,stolen,B. make, get, have, leave 等表示“致使”意義的動詞 What made them so_? 什么使他們?nèi)绱撕ε拢?C. like, want, wish, order 等表示“希望、要求”等意義的動

4、詞 He wont like such questions _ at the meeting. 他不想讓這樣的問題在會上討論。,frightened,discussed,過去分詞短語作狀語 過去分詞作狀語可表示時間、地點、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨等意義。這種過去分詞狀語相當(dāng)于于一個時間、地點、原因、條件、讓步等狀語從句, 若過去分詞作狀語,句子的主語與分詞所表示的動作構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系, 即是該分詞動作的承受者。,1. 過去分詞作原因狀語 _by the film, they all cried. (move) 他們看了那部電影深受感動, 都哭了。,2.過去分詞作狀語, 表示伴隨情況或方式。 The

5、trainer appeared, _six little dogs. (follow) 訓(xùn)練員出現(xiàn)了，后面跟著六條小狗。,Greatly moved,followed by,3.過去分詞作狀語, 還可以表示: _, we could do it better. (give)（條件） 多給點時間的話，我們會做得更好。 _, ice can be changed into water. (heat)（時間） 冰加熱時變成水。,Given much time,When heated, 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別: 定語中 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語常表示“動作正在進行”,此時或當(dāng)時的狀態(tài)等;過去分詞則常表示“動

6、作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作前”或表示被動等。,如: I know the man _there. (stand) 我認識站在那兒的那個人。 Is there anything _for tonight? (plan) 今晚有什么活動嗎？,standing,planned, 表語 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語,具有主動的含義,意味著“起這種作用”,常翻譯為“令人;而過去分詞作表語具有被動含義, 意味著“受這種影響”,常翻譯為“感到”。 如: The work was _ . 這項工作挺累人的。 The worker were soon_. 工人們很快就感到累了。,tiring,tired,注意: 作表語的過去分詞

7、表示狀態(tài),構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的過去分詞表示動作: The book is well written. (表語) The book was written by a soldier. (被動語態(tài)), 賓語補足語 現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語,被補足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語(即主動關(guān)系);過去分詞作補足語,被補足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語(即被動關(guān)系)。 如: I heard someone _me. I heard my name_. (call) 我聽見有人喊我。,calling,called,狀語 過去分詞作狀語與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別在于: 過去分詞與句子主語構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系, 而現(xiàn)在分詞與句子主語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系

8、。 _in this light, I find the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. (see) _in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.,Seeing,Seen,配套練習(xí),_ air and water are harmful to peoples health. （pollute) 受污染的空氣和水對人健康有害。 2. The problem _ yesterday was very difficult t

9、o solve. (discuss) 昨天在會上討論的問題很難解決。,Polluted,discussed at the meeting,完成句子。,3. He _ when he heard he had won the first place in the competition. (excite) 當(dāng)他聽說他在比賽中得了第一，他變得興奮起來。 4. I havent got _ yet. (develop) 我還沒把照片沖洗出來。 5. Do you know the man _? (stand) 你認識站在門旁的那人嗎？,became excited,the film develope

10、d,Standing besides the door,6. _, I couldnt help crying. (move) 由于被媽媽所說的話所感動，我忍不住哭了起來。 7. _, we could give a good performance. (give) 給我們一個機會，我們將給大家一個非常好的表演。,Moved by what my mother said,Given a chance,8. _, John said he was a New Yorker. (ask) 當(dāng)問到他出生在哪里時，約翰說他是紐約人。 9. I found _ in Marys room. (leave

11、) 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我書包落在Mary家里了。,When asked where he was born,my school bag left,單句改錯 1. A breaking cup is lying on the floor. breaking改為broken 2. The meeting holds yesterday was very important. holds改為held,3. When I entered the room. I found Mary seating beside my mother. seating改為seated 4. When they woke up , t

12、hey found the world outside completely changing. changing改為changed,/sitting,1. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home_. A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted,單項填空,2. You can make yourself _ in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the language. A

13、. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood,3. _ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 4. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day. A. watered B. watering C. water D. to wat

14、er,5. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared,6. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained,7. He glanced over at her,

15、 _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. having noted B. noted C. to note D. noting,8. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing,9. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to

16、_before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 10. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed,11. The disc digitally _in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. re

17、cording C. to be recorded D. having recorded,12. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt,( )1. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. (90全國) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given.( )2

18、. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school(93全國)A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened,A,D,高考鏈接,( )3. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (01全國夏) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered,A,( )

19、4. The researcher is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (02全國) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun,D,( )5. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.(03上海春)A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited,A,( )6. Friendship is like mone

20、y: easier made than _. (03北京) A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. having kept,A,( )7. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. (03北京春)A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring ( )8. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. (03北京) A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given,A,D,( )9. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (94全國)A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written ( )10. _ in thoug