lecture 13 大學(xué)英語專業(yè) 英譯漢.ppt

1、Lecture 13: E-C syntactical differences,Comments on assignment 11 Syntactical differences Translation skill: repetition,Lecture 13: E-C syntactical differences,Comments on assignment 11 Syntactical differences Translation skill: repetition,Translation 11,1 Recourse to arms is not the best solution t

2、o a quarrel between countries. 國與國之間的爭端借助武力，并不是最好的解決辦法。（名） 2 He manifested a strong dislike for his fathers business. 他對父親的生意表示了強(qiáng)烈的厭惡情緒。 （名） 3 Divorce is increasing in this country with growing urbanization.這個國家的城市越來越多，離婚率也越來越高。 （名）,4 In the event of war, the side which has a high degree of mobility

3、 will get a decided advantage. 如果發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭，哪一方有高度的機(jī)動性，哪一方就會獲得決定性的優(yōu)勢。 （動） 5 For my own part, I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery. 依我看來，我認(rèn)為這完全是一個要么贏得自由要么淪為奴隸的問題。 （動） 6 In elective monarchies the vacancy of the throne is a moment big with danger and mischief. 實(shí)行選舉君主的國家，王位一旦出現(xiàn)

4、空缺，就危機(jī)四伏，禍患滋生。 （動）,Lecture 13: E-C syntactical differences,Comments on assignment 11 Syntactical differences Translation skill: repetition,Warming-up activity,這種人總是猶豫不決，在緊要關(guān)頭總是止步不前，總是需要別人在他的背上猛擊一掌，才能向前跨近一步。 Such people are always passive: They often stand still at the critical moment, and always nee

5、d someone to shove them hard on the back to make them move a step forward. Such people are always passive in that at the critical moment they stand still and have to be given a hard shove in the back before they take a step forward.,syntactical differences: hypotaxisparataxis,I Hypotaxis: In English

6、, stress is laid on overt cohesion, sentential forms, structural integrality and realization of semantic functions through forms. Therefore, various kinds of formal approaches are applied to connect linguistic units. These approaches include different relatives, connectives and prepositions, which a

7、re not only large in quantity, but are frequently employed in the language.,1 Subject-predicate mechanism,From the angle of structural analysis English sentences are generally divided into five basic patterns: SV: Everybody laughed. SVC: The man is a teacher. SVO: I want a ticket. SVoO: Mary lent me

8、 her car. SVOC: They elected him president.,2 Relatives and conjunctions,My sister is expecting me, so I must be off now. 我妹妹在等我，（所以）我得快走了。 If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天來了，春天還會遠(yuǎn)嗎？ Never before have I seen anyone who has the skill that John has when he repairs engines that were import

9、ed from Germany. 約翰修理德國進(jìn)口的發(fā)動機(jī)非常熟練，我從未見過有他那么熟練的。,3 Preposition,She woke many times during the night. 她夜里醒了好些次。 Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共場所不準(zhǔn)吸煙。,II parataxis In Chinese, formal cohesive devices are seldom employed and thus stress is laid on covert coherence and logical order of ideas

10、and events.,1 Topic-comment construction,The grammatical meaning of subject and predicate in a Chinese sentence is topic and comment, rather than actor and action. 臺上坐著主席團(tuán)。 這個事我沒有辦法。 這個房間能住三個人。,2 Order,雨下得這么大，我們只能呆在屋里了。 Since it is raining hard, we have to stay inside. 該準(zhǔn)備期末考試了，考試不及格，不許看電視，不給零花錢。 It

11、s time that you prepared for the final examinationIf you fail in the exam, you are not to watch TV, and to have pocket money either. 她年紀(jì)比我小，結(jié)婚倒比我早。 Although she is younger than I, she got married before me.,3 Flowing-water sentence construction,接著，他繼續(xù)設(shè)想，雞又生雞，用雞賣錢，錢買母牛，母牛繁殖，賣牛得錢，用錢放債，這么一連串的發(fā)財(cái)計(jì)劃，當(dāng)然也不能

12、算是生產(chǎn)的計(jì)劃。 He went on indulging in wishful thinking. Chickens would breed more chickens. Selling them would bring him money. With this he could buy cows. The cows would breed too and selling oxen would make more money for him. With the money, he could become a money lender. Such a succession of steps

13、for getting rich, of course, had nothing at all to do with production.,Lets go to textbook P58,Lecture 13: E-C syntactical differences,Comments on assignment 11 Syntactical differences Translation skill: repetition,Repetition,Repetition often results from differences in grammar and usage between two

14、 languages. What is usually omitted or substituted in English may often be repeated in Chinese, grammatically or rhetorically. to clarify to emphasize to be vivid,I Repetition of the Objects which is Common to Several VerbsNoun,1. Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我們來修訂修訂安全規(guī)則和衛(wèi)生規(guī)則吧。

15、 2.They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy. 他們開始研究敵情，分析敵情。 3.Thus, I wrote “Spain in Arms, 1937” and saw China in revolution in 1925 27, and later in war with Japan. 這樣我就寫了戰(zhàn)斗中的西班牙（1937年）。我也看到了1925年到27年正在進(jìn)行革命的中國，后來又看到了中國正在與日本作戰(zhàn)。,II. Repetition of the Noun which is omitted in prepos

16、itional phrase.,4. The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients. 醫(yī)生從我身上得到的實(shí)踐，會超過在一千七百個普通病人身上得到的實(shí)踐。 5. The story of Jurgis is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destroyed by the capitalist industrial machine. 尤吉斯的故事是一篇充滿呻吟和淚水的故事，是資本主義工業(yè)機(jī)器摧

17、殘不幸者的故事。 6. We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange. 由此可見，現(xiàn)代資產(chǎn)階級本身是一個長期發(fā)展過程的產(chǎn)物， 是生產(chǎn)方式和交換方式的一系列變革的產(chǎn)物。,III. Repetition of the Apposition or Noun in Chinese for the Relativ

18、e or Connective in English.,7. They have staged demonstrations and sit-ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in Moscow. 他們舉行示威游行和靜坐，散發(fā)了請?jiān)笗?，而這些請?jiān)笗囟〞鞯今v莫斯科的外國記者手中。 8. The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had born

19、e down on him so often and so hard that there was little left. 小學(xué)徒對老板尤其怕得要死，老板經(jīng)常整他而且整得很重，簡直把他整癟了。,9.The President announced, with obvious relish, that the planes took off from “Shangri-la”, the fictional, remote retreat in the Himalayas. 總統(tǒng)得意洋洋地宣稱，飛機(jī)是從“香格里拉”起飛的，而“香格里拉”是一個虛構(gòu)的位于喜馬拉雅山中的世外桃源。 10. All of

20、 these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostesss ultimate prize. 所有這些安排都只是這次舞會的序曲，舞會才是女主人最得意的安排。,IV. Repetition of the Verb which is common to several Objects or Adverbial.,11. For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother. 足足有十分鐘之久，他不僅咒罵我，還咒罵我的兄弟。 12. They covered the 19th century

21、 foreign intervention in China, Maos Long March in the mid-1930s, the French and American revolution. 他們談到了十九世紀(jì)外國對中國的干涉，談到毛澤東在三十年代中期的長征，還談到法國革命和美國革命。,13. We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other of everything but our host and hostess. 我們談到自己， 談到前途，談到旅程，

22、談到天氣，談到彼此的情況談到一切，只是不談我們的男女主人。 14. He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength. 他不再夢見風(fēng)暴，不再夢見驚人的遭遇，也不再夢見大魚、搏斗和角力。,15. But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his fa

23、mily. 可他老婆在他耳朵跟前喋喋不休，沒完沒了，說他懶惰，說他粗心，還說他一家人都要?dú)г谒纳砩稀?16. They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他們想要確認(rèn)，他是否履行了受雇條件，是否履行了作為美國公民所應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。,Practice,1. It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland. 重建家園和保衛(wèi)家園是我們的職責(zé)。 2. They would be very relucta