!!專題3學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作發(fā)表須知.ppt

1、學(xué)術(shù)論文發(fā)表須知 學(xué)術(shù)論文的寫作,zengxiaoping,一、學(xué)術(shù)論文的定義、分類 二、投稿須知 三、論文發(fā)表注意事項,學(xué)術(shù)論文發(fā)表須知,一、學(xué)術(shù)論文的定義、分類,學(xué)術(shù)論文通常指發(fā)表在國內(nèi)外的學(xué)術(shù)雜志、期刊上的論文。,普通論文（full paper/research article）、 簡報/快報（short communication / rapid report） 綜述（review）,普通論文闡述在某一科研領(lǐng)域、特定科研方向上的原創(chuàng)性的工作，圍繞一個中心展開工作并闡述自己的觀點，要有一定的深入性和系統(tǒng)性。,簡報/快報的篇幅較短，論述的科研工作內(nèi)容簡單扼要，但此工作要有較強的創(chuàng)新性。簡報

2、/快報可在較短時間內(nèi)完成發(fā)表工作。,綜述則在閱讀大量文獻的基礎(chǔ)上，系統(tǒng)全面地對某一科研領(lǐng)域的研究背景、現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢等做一個總體的闡述。具有很強的系統(tǒng)性。,雜志(journal)的選擇 論文出版程序 稿件格式（format）,二、投稿須知,1.由導(dǎo)師決定 2.由自己決定 a.相關(guān)文獻的出處； b.符合各雜志的特點風(fēng)格和愛好。 c.考慮雜志的影響因子：一般宜選擇影響因子（impact factor）在1以上的SCI收錄的雜志。 各雜志的影響因子可在網(wǎng)上查到。,雜志(journal)的選擇,論文出版程序,Manuscript submission,acknowledgement of editor

3、ial board,Manuscript examination,Acceptance,editing,Editors examination Invited references examination,rejection,author,printing,authors revision authors withdrawal,Paper publication,論文出版程序,投初稿：根據(jù)雜志的要求，網(wǎng)上投稿或郵寄稿件。 網(wǎng)上投稿：將稿件(manuscript)的doc格式文件或 pdf格式文件和一封給編輯的信（cover letter）上傳到雜志的網(wǎng)上系統(tǒng)中。 注意！ 自己的email地址一

4、定要填寫正確，并確保此email地址性能穩(wěn)定、可順利收到國際郵件。 上網(wǎng)交稿后只有收到雜志發(fā)來的email并說明稿件的編號后才表明該初稿已順利上交到網(wǎng)上編輯部，否則請仔細檢查上傳稿件后是否完成雜志要求的稿件確認程序。,三、論文發(fā)表注意事項,論文的修改、審稿人問題的回答 論文的內(nèi)容,應(yīng)有謙虛、謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度，尊重審稿人的意見，盡量滿足審稿人的要求。 如審稿人的意見正確： 要積極肯定，并按其要求修改；對難以滿足的要求，要委婉回答，為自己辯護：如正準(zhǔn)備進行此研究，結(jié)果將在下篇文章發(fā)表等。,論文的修改、審稿人問題的回答,如審稿人的意見欠妥： 要避免沖突，求同存異，闡明自己的觀點，力爭說服編輯。但不要抨擊審

5、稿人的觀點。 （在多數(shù)情況下，編輯將對修改稿和問題回答進行審查。除非審稿人特別要求，一般不會再將修改稿寄給原審稿人再次審閱。）,回答問題時，注意不能只對修改的部分做一個總的泛泛的說明，要標(biāo)明審稿人的編號，問題的編號，針對每一個問題逐一回答，使編輯一目了然，使修改稿能盡快被接收 。,注意事項,注意科學(xué)工作者的自律，自覺維護我國作者的國際形象。 杜絕一稿多投。國內(nèi)雜志已發(fā)表的稿件不應(yīng)再寫成英文稿投到國際雜志。 不應(yīng)抄襲別人的或自己以前的文章中的大段內(nèi)容，太多相同的文字也應(yīng)避免。 （請相信：一篇文章中如大部分內(nèi)容都是抄襲別人或自己以前的文章絕對會很快就被發(fā)現(xiàn)的！）,論文的內(nèi)容,內(nèi)容真實可靠，數(shù)據(jù)、結(jié)

6、論要慎重； 劃清去偽存真、去粗取精和偽造數(shù)據(jù)、篡改結(jié)果之間的界限。 避免粗心的錯誤：計算要正確；實驗設(shè)計要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、沒有漏洞。 格式、語言要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，千萬不要出現(xiàn)過多的語言錯誤。太差的語言很大程度地影響審稿人的理解、增加稿件被拒的可能性。 引用的觀點要注明出處；以免引起審稿人的不滿。,一、學(xué)術(shù)論文的總體結(jié)構(gòu) 二、學(xué)術(shù)論文各組成部分的具體內(nèi)容及語 言特點 三、論文發(fā)表注意事項,學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作,題目(Title) 作者(Authors)姓名及單位(Affiliation) 摘要（Abstract） 關(guān)鍵詞(Keywords) 簡介（Introduction） 實驗（Experimental Section）

7、 結(jié)果與討論（Results and Discussion） 結(jié)論（Conclusions） 致謝（Acknowledgement） 參考文獻（References）,學(xué)術(shù)論文的總體結(jié)構(gòu),有時，有些期刊也要求在最后加上一段簡短的作者介紹(biography),某些情況下，文章還有附錄（Appendix），包括術(shù)語表（Nomenclature） 或某些公式推導(dǎo)過程，或其它要說明的特殊問題,Wall effects on DNA stretch and relaxation Dirk Stigter*, Biophysical Chemistry 101 .102 (2002) 447-.459,

8、投稿的稿件中圖、表附在最后，可按以下順序排列： Table List 按順序列出各表的題目。 Figure List 按順序列出各圖的題目。 附表：表格通常用簡單的三線式。 附圖：圖為大圖（與中文稿件不同?。?； 圖要清晰，圖標(biāo)要足夠大； 每頁上一個圖；標(biāo)明圖號。,對于論文格式，各期刊要求不同，其原則在于“清楚明了”。大部分期刊要求明確標(biāo)記出各部分，以便讀者容易地找到相關(guān)感興趣部分。 不過，較為短小的文章，如快訊（Rapid Communication ），簡報（letters）等，往往不要求注明各部分，有時甚至不要求摘要，對正文（Text）字?jǐn)?shù)也有要求。而Full paper則基本不受篇幅限制

9、，比較完整。 在投稿時，應(yīng)仔細閱讀其投稿須知（Guide for Authors）。, Guide for Authors Manuscript Preparation General: Manuscripts must be typewritten, double-spaced with wide margins on one side of white paper (22x28 cm or A4). High quality printouts with a font size of 12 pt are required. All pages should be numbered cons

10、ecutively. The order of the manuscripts should be title, author(s) and affiliation(s), abstract, keywords, text, references, tables, figure legends (or captions), schemes, and figures.,Sequences of tables, charts, and schemes should be numbered with Arabic numerals. Original drawings and photographs

11、 should be attached to the end of one copy and should be clearly marked on the back with the figure number and author(s) name. The author(s) should indicate by text or marginal notations in the typescript where the figures are approximately to be inserted,Language and Style: Manuscripts should be wr

12、itten in English in a clear and concise manner and follow the style of a current issue of Polymer. Authors whose native language is not English should have the spelling, grammar, and style checked by someone fully proficient in the English language. Title: The title should be concise, informative an

13、d representative of the contents of the manuscript.,Author(s) and Affiliation(s): Full affiliations and postal addresses must be given for all authors. An asterisk should designate the author to whom correspondence is to be addressed and a footnote must provide their full e-mail address, fax and tel

14、ephone numbers.,Title 反映該文章的主要內(nèi)容和關(guān)鍵問題。 不宜太泛或太具體。 注意大小寫格式：與要投稿的雜志的格式統(tǒng)一。 Title通常為名詞性詞組、短語。,學(xué)術(shù)論文各組成部分的具體內(nèi)容 及語言特點,Application Development of Functional Macromolecule 太籠統(tǒng)，不足以引起讀者的注意 改： Application Development of Functional Macromolecule on the Hospital Equipments 更明確具體,在明確說明研究特點的前提下應(yīng)盡可能少用詞 The Effects of

15、 Resin Type, Resin and Filler Contents in the Coating Solution, Drying Temperature in the Baking oven on the Properties of the PU Synthetic leather 改：Approach to Influence Factors on Properties of the polyurethane Synthetic leather 聚氨酯人造革性能影響因素的探討,一般可分為以下幾類,字母大小寫的規(guī)律？,標(biāo)題中的每一個單詞的第一個字母，除部位與題首的冠詞、介詞和連詞外

16、，都應(yīng)該使用大寫。,以研究內(nèi)容命名 以研究對象命名 以研究內(nèi)容、研究對象綜合命名,一般可分為以下幾類,E.g. Synthesis of 2-O-Protected glycerol derivatives lisrl dirivtiv 甘油 衍生物 Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Carbonates by Alcohol-Acid Catalyst 碳酸鹽,一以研究內(nèi)容命名,E.g. A New, Crystalline High Melting Bis(hydroxymethyl)polycarbonate and Its Acetone Ke

17、tal for Biomaterial Applications situn 丙酮 聚乳酸 Microdomain structure in polylactide-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer films,二以研究對象命名,E.g. Poly(ethylene carbonate)s, part I: Syntheses and structural effects in biodegradation Hydrolytic degradation of tyrosine-derived 水解的 tirsi:n酪氨酸 polycarbonates,

18、a class of new biomaterials. Part I: Study of model compounds,三以研究內(nèi)容、研究對象綜合命名,Authors & Affiliation 作者姓名,姓名中雙字名宜分開，以便檢索。 姓、名的前后按該雜志的習(xí)慣。 各個作者姓名格式應(yīng)統(tǒng)一。 首頁下方須注明聯(lián)系作者（corresponding author）：一般為導(dǎo)師。 . 地址（以武漢大學(xué)化學(xué)與分子科學(xué)學(xué)院高分子系為例） Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan U

19、niversity, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China,Abstract,The abstract is actually the first section of a report, coming after the title and before the introduction. The abstract provides the reader with a brief preview of your study based on information from the other sections of the report. It is often

20、 the last part of the report to be written.,Abstract（摘要） 使讀者對于本研究工作有一簡短的大致了解（Preview） 雖然置于文章開頭（正文之前），但寫作時通常是最后寫。因為只有在全文完成后，才能進行總結(jié)提煉其主要內(nèi)容。,摘要寫作要求：簡明扼要(concise), ，信息量大(informative) 如果摘要寫作質(zhì)量很差，根本不會被收錄，或者即使被收錄，也因難以閱讀，或所反映信息不全，而不能引起讀者注意，不會為人所引用。 SCI Science Citation Index 引用次數(shù),一般性摘要包括部分及其排列次序 B = Some ba

21、ckground information 一些基本背 景知識 P = Principal activity/ purpose of the study and its scope 本研究主要內(nèi)容/目的及其范圍 M = Some information about the methodology used in the study 關(guān)于本研究所采用的一些（試驗）方法 R = The most important results of the study 最重要的研究結(jié)果 C = A statement of conclusion or recommendation 結(jié)論/意義,以上又稱為Full

22、 Abstract 但對于發(fā)表論文而言，由于科技文獻數(shù)量劇增，對于摘要篇幅質(zhì)量也加以限制（brief and concise），一般不超過150200字(words)。 為此，對以上Full Abstract 必須再作刪除或合并，得到所謂的（Reduced Abstract）,摘要寫作：,它包括二至三個部分，重點放在研究結(jié)果上，次序如下： P + M = Purpose + method of the study 目的及研究方法 R = Results 結(jié)果 C*= conclusions and recommendations 結(jié)論 *optional (可選) 首先闡述實驗內(nèi)容（目的）和方

23、法（有時實驗?zāi)康囊膊粚懨鳎尘安辉侔ㄔ趦?nèi)），然后總結(jié)重要的實驗結(jié)果，最后用一、兩個句子包括重要結(jié)論。,摘要寫作：,內(nèi)容要點： （1）理論研究論文： 以陳述性為主，內(nèi)容主要是研究的課題和目標(biāo)，指導(dǎo)思想，論據(jù)，結(jié)論以及應(yīng)用的可能性； （2）實驗性研究論文： 以資料性為主，內(nèi)容主要包括研究項目和目標(biāo)，實驗方案和主要設(shè)備、實驗數(shù)據(jù)、結(jié)論及理論意義或?qū)嵱脙r值。,摘要寫作：,1. 摘要的起首句：直接式起首句，開門見山說明論文主題，常用三種句型：,摘要寫作：,（1）主語（說明文章性質(zhì)的名詞）謂語（主動謂語） 賓語或其它成份,This,Article文章 Paper論文 thesis 學(xué)位論文 study

24、研究 Work研究、工作,deals with闡述、處理 Discusses 討論 Introduces介紹 Investigates調(diào)查，考察 Summarizes概括 Describes描述，介紹,+.,特點：由賓語引出主要內(nèi)容 e.g. This paper describes the synthesis of high molecular weight polyether by using metalloporphyrin(金屬卟啉絡(luò)合物) complex catalyst system,該論文介紹了用金屬卟啉絡(luò)合物催化體系合成高分子量聚醚的方法,e.g. This work anal

25、yzes the relation between the shear relaxtion modulus of entangled, linear and flexible homopolymer blends and molecular weight disttibution.,本研究分析了纏結(jié)、線性及柔軟的均聚共混物的剪切松弛模量與分子量分布之間的關(guān)系,(2)主語（論文主體的有關(guān)內(nèi)容）被動態(tài)謂語其它成分*,e.g. The mechanism of reaction between water and TDI was explored in making flexible PU foam

26、.,對軟質(zhì)聚氨酯泡沫塑料發(fā)泡中水與TDI 反應(yīng)機理進行了探討。,e.g. The rheological properties of PC and PC/TPU blend were studied by means of capillary rheometer.,用毛細管流變儀研究了聚碳酸酯及聚碳酸酯/熱塑性聚氨酯彈性體共混物的流變性能。,（3）The purpose (objective/aim) of+ 主語（文章性質(zhì)）be + to 主要介紹研究項目的目的及研究工作的性質(zhì),e.g. The objective of this study is to investigate the ph

27、ysical properties and morphology of melt-mixed blends containing PBT with several polyolefins such as ethylene and vinyl acetate(EVA).,本研究的目的考察聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯與乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯等幾種聚烯烴熔融共混體系的物理性能和形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。,e.g. The purpose of this research is to investigate the feasibility of using surface treated recycled rubber partic

28、les for toughening of epoxy polymers.,該研究的目的是考察用表面處理的再生橡膠粒子對環(huán)氧樹脂進行增韌的可行性。,（4）用“we”作主語，用于說明所從事的研究工作（常用現(xiàn)在完成時或過去時），或說明在論文中要論述什么（用現(xiàn)在時） We discuss (report/ have studied) the results of a study of ,We have studied four UHMW-PVC resins in interior automotive formulations compared to a conventional PVC resi

29、n in the same formulations.,2. 描述研究方法、實驗手段等的句例,All NMR experiments were performed on a BrukerAVANCE 400 NMR spectrometer. FT-IR spectra were obtained on a Vector-22 spectrometer (Bruker, Switzerland) with sample prepared as KBrpellets. TGA analyses were carried out using a Mettler-Toledo SDTA-851TGA

30、 system ,Elemental analyses(C, N and H) were performed on ElementarVarioE1 III analyzer (German). Data of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were collected on a Max 2200PC power X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku, Japan) with Cu Ka (1.54051 ) radiation (40 kV, 20 mA). The morphologies of the surfaces of the s

31、amples were observed in an environment scanning electron microscope (ESEM, Quanta200, FEI, Holand). ,The optical transmittance of the polymer solution was monitored at =540 nm with a spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Japan, UV-4100). The pH measurements, with and without added salt (NaCl, 99.9% purity), w

32、ere performed with a potentiometric pH meter (PHS-3).,3.表示結(jié)論和建議等的句例,E.g. The membrane was found to be thermally stable at high temperatures because of the inorganic SiO2 framework in the composites matrix.,These results strongly suggest that the cyclic carbonates are activated by trifluoroacetic aci

33、d.,Increasing the water content resulted in enhanced polymerization rates and decreased molecular weights.,A carbonate-modified acrylic polymer showed excellent hydrolysis resistance,The dendritic polymer seems to be a promising carrier for the controlled release of antitumor drugs.,Our results demo

34、nstrate that low levels of PEG can regulate not only on the extent but also the conformation and specific bioactivity of adsorbed model protein Our studies also indicated that the rate of cell migration was inversely correlated with PEG concentration over a narrow range of PEG concentration,根據(jù)具體內(nèi)容，當(dāng)

35、提到做了那些具體工作時， 通常用一般過去時、被動態(tài)。,Reactivities of six-membered cyclic carbonates were studied and a carbonate-modified acrylic polymer was synthesized, which was expected to show good water resistance.,關(guān)于時態(tài),根據(jù)具體內(nèi)容，當(dāng)提到本文做了某工作、闡述 了某觀點時常用一般現(xiàn)在時、被動態(tài)。,The novel convergent growth approach to topological macromole

36、cules based on dendritic fragment is described. In present paper plasma methods are discussed with respect to other techniques which also induce micropatterned cell growth.,有時也用主動態(tài)。 Our study focused on the role of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in actively regulating the biological responsiveness of p

37、rotein-adsorbed biomaterials. To this end, we designed PEG-variant biomaterials from a family of tyrosine/PEG-derived polycarbonate to present surfaces ranging from low to intermediate levels of PEG concentration, ,We analyzed the effect of PEG concentration on the amount, conformation and bioactivi

38、ty We have investigated the ability of these dendrimers to function as an effective delivery system This paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of biodegradable derivatives of poly-L-glutamic acid as suitable vectors for gene therapy.,Star polymers are comprised of multiple arms or branches ra

39、diating from a central point or core and have been of huge scientific interest since they were first prepared sixty years ago, as a result of their unique physical properties. Star polymers are not just an academic curiosity, but are currently employed or under investigation in a wide range of indus

40、tries and commercial materials ranging from engine oils and coating technologies to contact lenses and biomedical devices. Although there are many different types of star polymers and methods for their synthesis, recent advances in the field of controlled radical polymerisation have enabled the faci

41、le production of complex star polymer architectures from a large range of monomer families, without the requirement of highly stringent reaction conditions. In particular,well-defined, nanometre scale core cross-linked star (CCS) polymers, which are readily accessible by controlled radical polymeris

42、ation techniques, have been increasingly prominent in the scientific literature. As a result, this feature article provides a comprehensive review covering the development, functionalisation, physical properties and application of core cross-linked star polymers prepared bycontrolled radical polymer

43、isation and the arm-first approach.,The introduction of methacrylic, carboxylic and phosphate functional groups on the core and at the end of the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) arms in the PEO star-shaped polymers is described. In the polyglycidol (PGL) star-shaped polymers phosphate groups were attached to the PGL arms as side groups. Polymers were characterized by NMR and SEC analysis with triple detection. The conversion of the unsubstituted star-shaped polymers into functionalized has been confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The influence of the length of arms, th