應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語綜合教程2(Unit6)

1、,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Book 2,應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語系列教程,應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語綜合教程,Application-oriented college English Course,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Back,Next,Language Skills Development,Language in Use,Enhancement of Language Abilities,Unit 6,Unit Six,Table of Contents,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Focus1 content,Back,Next,Part 1 Language Skills Development,Starter,Text

2、: The Debtor Generation,Working with words and phrases,Discussion,Practice: interpreting,Practice: translation,Practice: writing,Surfing the Internet,Highlights,Table of Contents,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1highlights,Back,Next,Highlights S: Talking about cartoons: street beggars the duty of repaying something

3、負(fù)債情況 e.g. We were poor, but we never got into debt. debtor: 借款方 creditor: 債權(quán)人,credit: n. U 賒購 e.g. No credit is given at this shop. on credit: 借貸，賒賬 e.g. I bought a car on credit.,credit: n. U an arrangement with a shop, bank etc that allows you to buy something and pay for it later 賒購 e.g. No credi

4、t is given at this shop. on credit: 借貸，賒賬 e.g. I bought a car on credit.,負(fù)債的一代 1 他們一滿18歲，就會接到信用卡公司的電話。幾年后，他們就會背負(fù)一大筆債務(wù)他們中很多人都會欠下幾千美元的學(xué)生貸款和信用卡賬單。接著，他們還會買汽車，買家具，買漂亮的新衣服，幾乎全是刷卡消費(fèi)。,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,2 他們不會一直那樣天真。當(dāng)負(fù)債的一代還沒有得到收入豐厚的全職工作，就要為償還信用卡公司的債務(wù)而付出代價(jià)的時(shí)候，很多人就會醒悟過來。,2 The

5、y dont remain innocent for long. Many members of Generation D feel disillusioned when they make sacrifices to repay lenders who gave them credit before they had well-paying, full-time jobs.,innocent: a. 1) not having much experience of the bad things in the world, so that you are easily deceived =na

6、ive無知的，頭腦簡單的 e.g. Dont be so innocent as to believe everything the politicians tell you. 2) not guilty of a crime 清白的，無罪的 e.g. A man is accounted innocent until he is proven guilty. n. innocence,Generation D comes from the title The Debtor Generation and can be shortened as D Generation or Generatio

7、n D (負(fù)債的一代).,disillusioned: a. disappointed because you have lost your belief that someone is good, or that an idea is right 不再抱幻想的，大失所望的，幻想破滅的 e.g. Disillusioned voters want an alternative to the two main parties. Shes disillusioned with life in general. dis- 否定、相反或相對 e.g.dishonest (不誠實(shí)的); disagree

8、able (令人不快的，討厭的); disagreement (分歧，不一致，意見不合); disengage (放開；掙脫開，擺脫開),repay: vt. 1) to pay back money that you have borrowed 還（錢）；償還 e.g. Ill repay you the money you lent me next week. 2) to do something for someone, or give them something, in return for helping you 報(bào)答，酬謝 repay someone for something/

9、with something/ by doing something e.g. Id like to buy them something to repay all their kindness. repayable: a. 可償還的；應(yīng)償還的；應(yīng)回報(bào)的 repayment: n. U歸還借款，償還債務(wù),well-paying: a. (used of work etc) offering good payment. 高工資的，報(bào)酬優(yōu)厚的,sacrifice: n. 1) C, U loss or giving up something of value, especially for wha

10、t is believed to be a good purpose. 犧牲，舍棄 e.g. Getting rich isnt worth the sacrifice of your principles. 2) C, U the act of offering something to a god, especially in the past, by killing an animal or person in a religious ceremony 祭獻(xiàn)，祭祀 e.g. It was common to make sacrifices to the gods to ensure a

11、good harvest. v. sacrifice something for something sacrifice something to do something sacrifice yourself (for something),Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,一場真正的變革 3 前幾代剛成年的時(shí)候，往往生活窘迫客廳中擺放著牛奶箱，冰箱里放著老密爾沃基牌的啤酒。他們在為了舒適的物質(zhì)生活而兢兢業(yè)業(yè)的奮斗中，學(xué)會了一個(gè)道理花錢與賺錢密切相關(guān)。,A Real Revolution 3 Previous genera

12、tions tended to begin adulthood in reduced circumstances milk crates in the living room, Old Milwaukee in the fridge. They worked their way into material comfort while absorbing the lesson that buying is closely related to earning.,adulthood: n. U the time when you are an adult成年 -hood 狀態(tài)；時(shí)期 e.g. pa

13、renthood (做父母的身份); manhood (成年，成年時(shí)期); childhood (童年); neighborhood (街區(qū)，域區(qū)),reduced circumstances:（委婉表達(dá)從富到窮）生活窘迫,work ones way into: 兢兢業(yè)業(yè)地達(dá)成 e.g. He works his way into being a successful contractor.,Meaning: They obtained a comfortable material life by hard work. Meanwhile, they learned that if they

14、want to buy, they have to earn first.,absorb: vt. 1) to read or hear a large amount of new information and understand it理解；吸取 e.g. Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 2) to take in liquid, gas, or another substance from the surface or space around something吸收（水、光、蒸汽等） e.g. Plants can absorb car

15、bon dioxide and release oxygen.,work ones way into: to achieve something gradually by working 兢兢業(yè)業(yè)地達(dá)成 e.g. He works his way into being a successful contractor.,reduced circumstances: old-fashioned to be poorer than you were before （委婉表達(dá)從富到窮）生活窘迫,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,4

16、與此相反，負(fù)債的一代中很多人剛成年的時(shí)候往往享受著優(yōu)越的物質(zhì)生活客廳中擺著各種架子，冰箱里放著皮特牌淡啤酒。緊接著，如果他們稍不注意（開銷），就不得不控制這種依賴信用卡消費(fèi)的生活方式以便可以付清賬單。而這一點(diǎn)，并不是所有的人都能做到，那么他們就會因此付出代價(jià)。,Question about Para. 4,4 In contrast, many in Generation D begin adulthood with material comfortshelves in the living room, Petes Wicked Ale in the refrigerator. A A lit

17、tle later, if theyre not careful, they have to throttle back on their credit-fueled lifestyle so they can pay the bills. Not all can, and they pay the consequences.,in contrast: in comparison 相比 e.g. In contrast with their system, ours seems very old-fashioned. His white hair was in sharp contrast t

18、o his dark skin.,Meaning: On the contrary, many people of Debtor Generation grow up in comfortable conditionall kinds of shelves in the living room, top-grade beer in the refrigerator.,throttle: vt. 1) 1) to reduce the amount of fuel flowing into an engine, in order to reduce its speed 調(diào)節(jié)油門，減/加速 e.g

19、. I throttled back as we approached the runway. High tariffs throttle trade between countries. 2) to kill or injure someone by holding their throat very tightly so that they cannot breathe =strangle 使窒息，掐死 e.g. He throttled the guard with his bare hands. throttle back: 控制，收斂 e.g. He hopes to throttl

20、e back on his emotions.,throttle: vt. 1) to reduce the amount of fuel flowing into an engine, in order to reduce its speed 調(diào)節(jié)油門，減/加速 e.g. I throttled back as we approached the runway. High tariffs throttle trade between countries. 2) to kill or injure someone by holding their throat very tightly so

21、that they cannot breathe =strangle使窒息，掐死 e.g. He throttled the guard with his bare hands. throttle back: 控制，收斂 e.g. He hopes to throttle back on his emotions.,Meaning: Later on, if theyre careless with their spending, they have to control their credit on which their life is dependent so that they wi

22、ll be able to repay their debts.,focus1text,The Generation D begins adulthood with material comfort and depends too much on credit while the previous generations began their adulthood in reduced circumstances, working their way into material comfort, thus knowing that buying is closely related to ea

23、rning.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: A Story of Steve Jobs,1. How is the lifestyle of the Generation D different from that of their previous generations?,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Question about Para. 5,5 Experts agree that todays 18- to 30-year

24、-olds have more debts than their forebears. Thats especially true of the majority of high school graduates who go on to college or trade school, where people commonly get student loans and credit cards, even if they dont have jobs.,be true of: based on facts and not imagined or invented 合乎事實(shí)的；真的；真實(shí)的

25、；確實(shí)的 e.g. Possibly the same is true of social work. The same is true of all political parties.,go on to sth.: next to do something after you have finished doing something else 接著開始另一個(gè)項(xiàng)目 e.g. Lets go on to the next item on the agenda.,5 專家們認(rèn)為，現(xiàn)在18至30歲之間的人比他們上幾代欠的債更多。尤其對大多數(shù)高中畢業(yè)就上大學(xué)或職業(yè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生來說，情況更是如此。在大

26、學(xué)或職業(yè)學(xué)校里，盡管學(xué)生沒有工作，通常也可以申請學(xué)生貸款和信用卡。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,2. What do the experts have in common with regard to their opinions concerning the 18-to 30-year-olds debts?,Experts agree that todays 18- to 30-year-olds have more debts than their forebears.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Tr

27、anslation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Question about Para. 6,6 People disagree about whether thats so bad. After all, young adults accept student loans and credit cards gladly and most repay dutifully. But critics worry that corrosive social effects result from the habit of taking on debt before o

28、ne has sufficient income to repay.,corrosive: a. written gradually making something weaker, and possibly destroying it =damaging 逐步起破壞作用的，損害性的 e.g. Fear of unemployment is having a corrosive effect on the countrys economy.,result from: if something results from something else, it is caused by it 由產(chǎn)生

29、 e.g. Her injuries resulted from a fall. cf. result in: to make something happen =cause 造成，導(dǎo)致 e.g. The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths.,take on: to agree to do some work or be responsible for something 承擔(dān) e.g. Dont take on too much work - the extra cash isnt worth it.,6 人們對這種情況是否很糟糕

30、意見不一。畢竟，年輕人很樂意接受學(xué)生貸款和信用卡， 而且大多數(shù)人能盡責(zé)地償還。但是評論家們擔(dān)心，這種個(gè)人還沒有足夠的收入來還款就背上債務(wù)的習(xí)慣會造成不良的社會影響。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,3. Do people agree on the issue of student debts? What are the two opposing views?,No, they dont. Some believe that young adults accept student loans and credit cards gladly and most repay dutiful

31、ly. But critics worry that corrosive social effects result from the habit of taking on debt before one has sufficient income to repay.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,夢想與債務(wù) 7 20世紀(jì)90年代，負(fù)債生活的誘惑日增。學(xué)雜費(fèi)暴漲，聯(lián)邦政府也提高了學(xué)生貸款上限，信用卡在校園市場的推銷如火如荼。2000年，78%

32、 的大學(xué)本科生擁有信用卡。,Dreams and Debt 7 The lure of living on debt increased in the 1990s. Tuition and fees skyrocketed, the federal government increased student loan limits, and credit cards were marketed vigorously on campus. In 2000, 78 percent of college undergraduates had credit cards.,tuition: n. 1) U

33、 the money you pay for being taught 學(xué)費(fèi) e.g. When I started college, tuition was $350 a quarter. 2) U teaching, especially in small groups 講授，教誨 e.g. He received private tuition in English. tutor n. someone who gives private lessons to one student or a small group, and is paid directly by them,skyroc

34、ket: vi. if a price or an amount skyrockets, it greatly increases very quickly （指物價(jià)等）飛漲，猛漲 e.g. The trade deficit has skyrocketed.,vigorous a. using a lot of energy and strength 精力充沛的，元?dú)馔⒌?，有力?e.g. Environmentalists have begun a vigorous campaign to oppose nuclear dumping in the area. vigorously: a

35、d. 有力地 e.g. They were arguing vigorously on the responsibility of the death of the four college students.,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,8 更微妙的變化到處可見。經(jīng)濟(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展，復(fù)活節(jié)假在異國旅游勝地拍攝的MTV充斥熒屏，老友記描述了一群年輕人在曼哈頓寬敞公寓里的舒適生活。二十幾歲的年輕人夢想著大學(xué)或職業(yè)學(xué)校一畢業(yè)就過上富足的生活。,Question about Para. 7- 8,8 Subtler changes

36、 abounded. The economy boomed, MTV broadcasted from exotic spring-break locales, Friends portrayed young adults living comfortably in roomy apartments in Manhattan. Twenty-somethings expected to live well right out of college or trade school.,Meaning: Delicate changes exist everywhere.,abound: vi. t

37、o exist in very large numbers 大量存在，有許多 e.g. Grass abounds here all the year round.,boom: vi. usually in progressive if business, trade, or a particular area is booming, it is increasing and being very successful.迅速發(fā)展，繁榮 e.g. By the 1980s, the computer industry was booming. booming a. a booming econo

38、my baby boomer n. someone born during a period when a lot of babies were born, especially between 1946 and 1964,exotic: a. 1) something that is exotic seems unusual and interesting because it is related to a foreign country - use this to show approval異國情調(diào)的；奇異的 e.g. The film retains much of the books

39、 exotic flavour. 2)From a distant and especially a tropical country. 異國的，外來的 e.g. Pandas are exotic animals to America.,portray: vt. 1) to describe or represent something or someone =depict:描述；描繪；描寫 e.g. The film vividly portrays life in the trenches. 2)to make a portrait for someone為某人畫像，畫某人的像 e.g.

40、 She is portrayed wearing her wedding gown.,roomy: a. =spacious 寬敞的，寬大的 e.g. Though more expensive, a roomy car can make you more comfortable. n. + -y rainy, windy, snowy, juicy, watery, glassy, grassy.,Twenty-something: someone who is between the ages of 20 and 29 二十幾歲的人 thirty-something/forty-some

41、thing 三十到三十九（四十到四十九）歲 e.g. A fifty-something came to see you when you were out. 你不在時(shí)，有一位五十幾歲的男子來找過你。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,4. Why did the lure of living on debt increase in the 1990s?,Because tuition and fees skyrocketed, the federal government increased student loan limits, and credit cards were mar

42、keted vigorously on campus. Meanwhile, the economy boomed, and mass media portrayed young adults living comfortably in large cities. They are all attractive to young people.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,9 在這些情況下，還有什么理由不借錢呢？1996年，公立大學(xué)里平均每

43、位貸款的學(xué)生在畢業(yè)時(shí)欠債11950 美元。1998年，平均每個(gè)本科生有3.5張信用卡，負(fù)有1879美元的結(jié)欠款。,Question about Para. 9,9 Under these circumstances, why not borrow? An average student loan recipient owed $11,950 upon graduating from a public university in 1996. In 1998, the average undergraduate had a balance of $1,879 on 3.5 credit cards

44、.,balance: n. 1) C (usu. sing) the amount of something that remains after some has been used, spent, mentioned etc =the rest 結(jié)欠 e.g. The balance of 500 will be paid within one week. 2) C (usu. sing) the amount of money that you have in your bank account 差額 e.g. I must check my bank balance, i.e. fin

45、d out how much money I have in my account. balance of payments:國際收支差額 balance of trade:貿(mào)易差額，進(jìn)出口差額 e.g. a balance-of-trade deficit (when a country spends more than it earns from exports),上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,5. How much balance did an undergraduate have on average on 3.5 credit cards in 1998?,$1,879.

46、,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,10 有人擔(dān)心，這些債務(wù)將迫使畢業(yè)生放棄令人振奮但薪水不高的職業(yè)，而去從事沉悶乏味但收入豐厚的工作。密蘇里大學(xué)研究員帕特里夏薩默斯，在做學(xué)生貸款項(xiàng)目研究時(shí)曾采訪了500多人，她說有一個(gè)準(zhǔn)英語博士生打算拿到博士學(xué)位后就重操舊業(yè)當(dāng)21點(diǎn)撲克游戲的發(fā)牌員。,Question about Para. 10,10 Some worry that all this debt forces grads to forsake

47、exciting but low-paying jobs in favor of dreary but well-paying jobs. Patricia Somers, a University of Missouri researcher who interviewed 500 people for her research on student loans, tells of a Ph.D. candidate in English who was considering returning to her old jobdealing blackjackafter earning he

48、r doctorate.,grad = graduate grad: n.1) C someone who has completed a university degree, especially a first degree undergraduate:大學(xué)畢業(yè)生 （尤指獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位的人） e.g. His girlfriend is a Harvard grad. 2) C American English someone who has completed a course at a college, school etc畢業(yè)生 e.g. a high-school graduate,

49、tell of: to describe an event or person 描述，敘述 e.g. The poem tells of the deeds of a famous warrior.,doctorate: n. C 博士學(xué)位 Related terms： bachelors degree 學(xué)士學(xué)位 (Bachelor of Arts 文學(xué)學(xué)士 Bachelor of Science 理學(xué)學(xué)士) masters degree 碩士學(xué)位 (Master of Arts 文學(xué)碩士 Master of Science 理學(xué)碩士) doctors degree 博士學(xué)位 (通常叫Ph.D

50、. 即Doctor of Philosophy),forsake: vt. (forsook, forsaken) 1) =give up 放棄，離開（尤指喜愛的事物） e.g. You must forsake your bad habits. 2) =abandon 離開（尤指不履行責(zé)任），遺棄，舍棄 e.g. His gambling father forsook his family and went west for a living. 區(qū)別:forsake, abandon, desert, give up The sailors abandoned the sinking shi

51、p. He deserted his country and helped the enemy. He has forsaken his native Finland to live in Britain. In no case should you give up.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,6. Why did a Ph.D. candidate consider returning to her old jobdealing blackjackafter earning her doctorate?,Because debt forces her to forsake e

52、xciting but low-paying jobs in favor of dreary but well-paying jobs.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,不推遲人生大事 11 當(dāng)然，大多數(shù)貸款人在簽署貸款文件時(shí)是以另一種角度看待這個(gè)問題的：學(xué)生貸款債務(wù)使他們能夠追求自己的夢想，其他的信貸來源則讓他們過上舒適的生活。,Question about Para. 11,Not Putting It Off 11 Most borrow

53、ers, of course, look at it another way when they sign those loan papers: Student loan debt enables them to pursue their dreams, and other sources of credit allow them to live in comfort.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1text,7. How do most students view their debts?,Most students think that student loan debt enables

54、 them to pursue their dreams, and other sources of credit allow them to live in comfort.,Back,Next,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,12 即使年輕人花的比賺的多，他們也不會推遲那些人生大事結(jié)婚、生子、買房。,12 Even as young people spend more than they earn, theyre not postponing lifes mi

55、lestonesmarriage, children and a house.,postpone: vt. to change the date or time of a planned event or action to a later one =put back; bring forward延期，推遲 e.g. The match was postponed to the following Saturday because of bad weather. postpone doing something postponement noun uncountable and countab

56、le,milestone: n. C a very important event in the development of something =milepost American English 里程碑 milestone in e.g. The heart transplant reached a significant milestone in the 1930s. touchstone n.試金石 cornerstone n. 奠基石,Meaning: Even though young people do not make as much money as they spend,

57、 theyre not putting off the important events in their life, such as getting married, having kids and buying houses.,Back,Next,Translation,2 Text: The Debtor Generation,13 當(dāng)被研究人員問及是否會因?yàn)閭鶆?wù)而推遲結(jié)婚、生子或購房時(shí)，少數(shù)學(xué)生說債務(wù)確實(shí)會有那種影響。但研究表明，他們的言行并不一致：他們想結(jié)婚的時(shí)候就結(jié)婚、想生子的時(shí)候就生子，想買房的時(shí)候就買房，債務(wù)對此并沒有多大影響。,13 When researchers have

58、 asked students whether debt will cause them to delay marriage, parenthood or homeownership, a few say that debt indeed will have that effect. But studies show that deeds dont match words: People get married, have kids and buy houses when they want to, and debt has little to do with the timing.,Mean

59、ing: But studies show that they do not do what they say: People get married, have kids and buy houses as they wish and debt has little influence on their life planning.,have something/little to do with: have a /no connection with 與有（沒有什么）關(guān)系 e.g. Her diligence must have something to do with her success. The big fire has l