中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解 不同題材的解題技巧.ppt

1、第一講 學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分不同文體,閱讀下面的段落，并推斷它是哪種文體？ The population of the Earth is growing faster. It is important that we look after the Earth. We need it! What do you do if youre stranded(處于困境的) on a lonely island? Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world. Your best chance of doing this is

2、 to draw the attention of a passing plane. Body signalsSmoke signalsGroud-to-air signals,議論文,說明文,文體識(shí)別練習(xí),繼續(xù)閱讀下面的段落，并判斷它是哪種文體？ (1) In the west, some people believe that personality can be predicted according to the time of the year the person was born. From China comes the belief that the year of birt

3、h influences ones personality. (2) Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that is almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is - the language of scienceThese are the steps to follow when you are reading s

4、omething difficult: (3) It was yearbook day and we were given an hour to sign each others yearbooks in the cafeteria. I was president of the class and I played sports. When I sat down at a table, people started to come over to get their yearbooks signed and to sign mine.,議論文,說明文,記敘文,(4) My father di

5、ed when I was a few months old. After his death, my mother moved back to Louisville,Kentucky, where she had grown up. (5) Chinatown is the name given to an area in the middle of London. It is just between Leicester Square and Shaftsbury Avenue. Gerrard Street is at the center and is the most importa

6、nt street in the area. There is a large Chinese community with a lot of Chinese restaurants, Chinese supermarkets and shops in this street.,記敘文,說明文,A 篇,B 篇,C 篇,D 篇,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,猜測(cè)詞義題,推理判斷題,主旨?xì)w納題,中考閱讀中的結(jié)構(gòu)和分類,A 篇,詞數(shù)：200w左右 題材：信息類表格（校園師生采訪） 題目：whos new at school? 做題技巧：,回文定位,51. Cindy is a _ A. a student B. a

7、teacher C. a worker D. a writer,從文章的最后一句可以明確得出。,52. How long has Mr. Smith been in the new school? A. about 2 weeks B. about 3 weeks C. about 1 months D. about 2 months,數(shù)字推理題：選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)年份，數(shù)字應(yīng)特別小心。,56.Whendidtheresearchofhumangenesbegin?A.In1987.B.In1993.C.In2000.D.In2006.,Ittook13yearsofinternationaleffo

8、rtto mapthehumanbiologicalblueprintofall thegenes(因)thatmakeusdifferentpeople. Thefirstroughdraft(圖)wasmadein2000.Thelastofour23chromosomes(染色體)wasclearlydescribedin2006.,2013年北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)中考二模英語(yǔ)試題,53. What exactly is Kingley according to the material? A. A road. B. A school. C. A town.D. A country. 55. Wh

9、ere can we probably read this material? A. In a travel guideB. In a school magazine.C. In a science book.D. In a TV play.,細(xì)節(jié)推理題：可以直接從文章找到答案,考查文章出處，從體裁和內(nèi)容分析,中心思想,記敘文,記敘文,1 寫人為主,2 寫事為主,外貌 神態(tài) 語(yǔ)言 心理 動(dòng)作,社會(huì)環(huán)境描寫,自然環(huán)境描寫,記敘方法：順序、倒敘、插敘,可以穿插: 抒情、議論,作用：交代背景、情景交融、揭示中心,B 篇,詞數(shù)：250w左右 題材：故事敘述類（小小說 ） 題目： 做題技巧： 注意事項(xiàng)：

10、故事類文章人物有時(shí)過多，需要理清人物之間邏輯關(guān)系。 切忌斷章取義,回文定位，忠實(shí)原文邏輯,56. How did Phil feel when he was going home? A. Unhappy.B. Excited. C. Nervous.D. Confident. 57. The underlined word they in the 2nd paragraph refers to _ . A. Susy and MaryB. Mary and PhilC. Snow banksD. Two coins.,細(xì)節(jié)推理題：從文中第一段最后一句判斷推理,詞義判斷題：所給詞的前后句去找相關(guān)

11、內(nèi)容。,59. What does the sentenceHer eyes were hopeful. in the 3rd paragragh suggest? A. Susy expected Phil to dig together. B. Susy expected Phil to return the coins. C. Susy hoped to dig out the lost coins. D. Susy hoped to get some useful information,邏輯推理題：從人物所說所做的內(nèi)容去推理。,應(yīng)試對(duì)策,首先，從問題中找到關(guān)鍵詞； 然后以此為線索，運(yùn)

12、用略讀和查閱的技巧在文中迅速找細(xì)節(jié)； 找到后再把這一部分內(nèi)容仔細(xì)閱讀，認(rèn)真比較選項(xiàng)和文中細(xì)節(jié)的區(qū)別； 最后，在正確理解細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，確定最佳答案。,第二講：說明文,1 說明文的定義：主要用說明的方式來表達(dá)思想內(nèi)容，它常被用來介紹科學(xué)知識(shí)或生活常識(shí)。特點(diǎn)是內(nèi)容上重視科學(xué)性，語(yǔ)言形式重視條理性 。 2 常見的說明方法：分類說明、舉例說明、描寫說明、比較說明、數(shù)字說明、圖像或圖表說明、下定義和注釋。,說明文的閱讀要領(lǐng)： 1 抓住文章第一段，通常文章的主旨大意問題會(huì)在第一段找到答案 2 不要為文章的長(zhǎng)度嚇到，文章的小標(biāo)題會(huì)給我們閱讀提示 3 如有圖形，可以結(jié)合圖形讀題 4 邊讀邊整理重要信息 5 根據(jù)

13、段落信息進(jìn)行概括,Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many things happen because something caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out

14、what causes the effect. It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning(推理的) skills. Think about all the things you know that could be reasons for the effect you can see.,55. What is the best title for the next? A. Truth and lies B. Work and sleep C. Cause and effect D. Life and drea

15、ms,C&D 篇,詞數(shù)：350w左右 題材：分析說明文類 題目： 做題技巧： 分類：,關(guān)鍵詞定位，聯(lián)系上下文,一、社會(huì)文化類,【命題趨勢(shì)】 1.以中西文化差異作為選材的重點(diǎn)。如禮儀、語(yǔ)言、生活習(xí)慣、世界觀、價(jià)值觀等為主題。題材涉及社會(huì)、文化、教育、體育等方面的內(nèi)容。 2.一般一篇文章一個(gè)主題。以議論文、記敘文居多。 3.命題方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定細(xì)節(jié)，時(shí)有推斷。,1.重視英語(yǔ)詞匯、語(yǔ)法和習(xí)慣用法的掌握。 對(duì)于普通中學(xué)畢業(yè)生來說，應(yīng)具備20003500的詞匯量，并掌握其詞類、意思和基本用法。掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分之間的關(guān)系。熟悉固定詞組、固定搭配等約定俗成的語(yǔ)法。 2.擴(kuò)展文化背景知識(shí)。

16、閱讀內(nèi)容的社會(huì)實(shí)用性越來越強(qiáng)，更重視語(yǔ)言和文化的關(guān)系，閱讀材料會(huì)更多地涉及社會(huì)化背景知識(shí)。因此，要通過閱讀更多地涉及社會(huì)文化背景知識(shí)，要通過閱讀更多地了解并豐富自己的知識(shí)。,practice,Many people say that they are working too many hours. They dont have enough time to relax or to stay with their family. Work hours are different from one country to another. In France, people spend about

17、1,646 hours a year at work. In Japan, however, people work about 2,159 hours a year. That means a Japanese worker works 513 more hours a year than a French worker. Why do people work so many hours? Some people workextrahours because they want to make more money. However, many companies dont pay over

18、time. Their workers dont get more pay for more work. Some people think its their duty to work more hours. Some are afraid of losing their jobs if they dont work more hours. Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France, people get five weeks of paid vacation a year. In Germany, they

19、get four to six weeks, and in the United States, two weeks. One study shows fewer than half of workers used all their vacation days. In Great Britain, there is a saying, All work and no play makes Jack a dull (遲鈍的) boy. If that is true, there must be a lot of dull people in the world.,1. A Japanese

20、worker works _ more hours a year than a French one. A. 513B. 1,646 C. 2,159 D. 3,805 2. The word extra in Paragraph 3 means . A.正常的 B.額外的 C.有用的 D.少量的 3. People in _ get only two weeks of paid vacation a year. A. FranceB. Germany C. the United StatesD. Great Britain 4. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. No companies offer vacations to their workers. B. Many people say they have enough time to relax. C. Not all companies pay their workers for more work. D. More than half of workers use all their vacation days. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. Many wor