高考英語短文改錯解題技巧共53頁

1、Proof Reading,短文改錯, 用來命題的短文內(nèi)容與學生的學習生活非常貼近，好像就是學生的習作。 長度均在100詞左右。 這些材料都是記敘文。 新課標卷的設題通常是：1處多1個詞，1處少1個詞，8處錯1個詞。,1） 短文長度 依據(jù)高考近兩年全國卷I和II進行分析，特別是2015年，詞數(shù)都是106，故此題的短文長度應在105-110個詞之間。 行數(shù)：7,命題原則,細看題目規(guī)范,短文改錯（共10小題，每小題一分，滿分10分） 文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜

2、線（）劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞,1. I can go to home now. 2. I like playing piano. 3. I am fond at English.,the,Wrong word,Missing word,of,Unnecessary word,高考短文改錯的考察方式（格式要規(guī)范）,設疑方式錯詞（8）、漏詞（1）、多詞（1）,短文改錯應注意的問題,四不改: 標點符號不改。 大小寫不改。 詞序錯誤不改。 在綱外生詞不改。,Dont forget!,Steps of correcting a

3、composition:,1. Go through the whole passage to get a general idea .(瀏覽全文，掌握大意）,2. Read the passage sentence by sentence and find the mistakes.（分句閱讀，逐行找錯）,3. Read the passage for the third time, check the answers and correct the difficult ones. （檢查核對，攻克難點）,動詞形，名詞數(shù) 還要注意形和副 非謂語，細辨別 代詞格，細領(lǐng)悟,A Limerick,

4、介詞、短語要記住 冠詞連詞常光顧 邏輯錯誤理清楚,一、動詞形,主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。,We must found ways to protect our environment .2015全國課標卷,find,缺少謂語動詞（尤其缺be動詞） She afraid of staying at home alone.,is,： Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish. ： You can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers, magazines and th

5、e other books, but you are not permit to take them out.,wishes,permitted,Not only the students but also the teacher like the film.,likes,二、名詞數(shù),指名詞單、復數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。,：Personally, I found most lesson rather uninteresting.,lessons,錯誤類型：名詞單復數(shù)錯誤；名詞所有格錯誤。 改正方法： 分析修飾語的單復數(shù)意義、主謂一致的特點和語境意義可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正名詞單復數(shù)錯誤。 分析前后兩個名詞之間

6、有無所屬關(guān)系可以發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正名詞所有格錯誤。 ?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有fun, progress, advice, information, equipment, furniture, news等。,二、名詞數(shù), 在several, few, many, one of, a couple of, three, one and a half, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等詞語后，或雖沒有這些詞但語境提示我們，本應接復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的，但文中卻用了單數(shù)。如： For example, we can do reading for one and a half

7、hour and2014課標II,hours, 像advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage, luggage, jewellery, clothing等不可數(shù)名詞是沒有復數(shù)形式的，但在文中卻用了復數(shù)。如： It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.2011課標,. (luggages luggage), 本應用名詞的所有格的，但文中沒有用。如： When I finally arrived at my frien

8、d he lent me lots of clothes. 2011課標,(my friend my friends),例1give me some advices on how to write like a real writer. 例2Christie was one of my best friend at high school. 例3When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. 例4I was playing at my cousin house.,名詞當堂練,advice,friends,frien

9、ds,cousins,三、還要注意形和副,注意形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯題的?？键c。形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級也是考察的重點。 形容詞在句中作定語,表語，補語 副詞在句中作狀語，修飾動詞，形容詞，整句, I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.,less,We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! 2014課標I,The fruits are small in size, but juicy （多汁的

10、）and taste. 2014課標I,Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 2015課標I I am awfully tiring. 2013浙江 Dad and I were terrible worried. 2015課標I I ,wonderful,tasty,serious,tired,terribly,四、非謂語，細辨別,這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，和不定式錯誤。 to do 表目的或?qū)?doing 表主動進行

11、 done表被動完成,一般說來，句中已有謂語動詞，再出現(xiàn)動詞，其前面又沒有并列連詞時，該動詞應為非謂語動詞。我們應根據(jù)該非謂語動詞在句中所作句子成分，以及它與邏輯主語的關(guān)系，來確定用具體的形式。,After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing. 2015全國卷,make their friendship to last long. 2014大綱,A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside

12、the shop. 2015課標卷,I look forward to see her again in the near future. 2010大綱,looking,seeing,told,五、 代詞格，細領(lǐng)悟, 上下文的人稱不一致。如： Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. (them us) 2011大綱, 上下文的單復數(shù)不一致。如： both of them have similar ideas Otherwise, it is

13、impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long. (him them)2014大綱, 上下文的性別不一致。如： Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said (him her) 2010大綱 人稱代詞格的誤用。如： Li Mings parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them (I me)2

14、007課標, 人稱代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞等的錯用。如： He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others (從句主語which是指the voice, 這種聲音使“他”與別人分離, 故改himself為him)2013課標I,： We must find ways to protect your environment. 2015課標 Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. 2015全國卷,our,his,主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識，其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。,in

15、Sunday afternoon catch a sight of lose my heart in hurry,a,on,六、介詞短語要記住, 常用介詞的錯用。如： Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. 2014課標II,for, 固定詞組中的介詞誤用。如： and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes 2014課標I,of, 固定詞組中的介詞漏用。如： We can lie on the grass f

16、or a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. 2014課標II,to,冠詞 基本用法：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示“一個/段/座/本.”等時要用a或an；表示特指時用the。 固定短語中多用，少用或錯用冠詞。如： As result, the plants are growing everywhere. 2014課標,As a result,七、冠詞、連詞常光顧,例1Besides, a friend is always good listener when you need one. 例2Just before I turned corner of P

17、ark Street, I happened to see an accident. 例3 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.,a,the,an,冠詞當堂練,常考的錯誤形式有：連詞but, however, and, or, because, so, when, before, after, which, that, what 的用法錯誤,連詞,（1） and與but用混。這是考得最多的微考點。如： The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one a

18、nother, but the more pleasure we can share together. 2014大綱,( but and，前后沒有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系),（2） although/though/while不與but連用；since /as/because不與so連用。如： Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease 2014課標I,(去掉but或改為yet), and與or。 Whats more, we can g

19、o to work by bike once and twice a week2012大綱,(and or), which與what。 That is which other teachers say. 2013遼寧,(which what), so與or。 We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents. 2013四川,(so因此or否則), after與before。 Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get imp

20、atient. 2013陜西,(Before After邏輯), 多用或少用連詞。如： With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night.2013遼寧 So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. 2010大綱,what, 錯用that引導非限制性定語從句。如： Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch a

21、nd dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. 2013課標II,which,八.邏輯關(guān)系 理清楚 錯誤類型：否定詞特別是not、never等的漏用； 連詞的多用、少用和誤用； 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的誤用，特別是which與that的誤用； 名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用，特別是what和that的誤用。 改正方法：在整句理解的基礎(chǔ)上，理清前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，特別注意and、 or、 but、 after、before、 however、 therefore、 besides、 unless 、if等詞的使用是否正確。另

22、外，考生在理解句意的基礎(chǔ)上正確判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)和層次，判斷定語從句和名詞性從句引導詞的使用是否正確。,邏輯關(guān)系當堂練,例1 All I had to do was to write a story or present it. 例2 It turned out to be her own cup, that shed left on the shelf by mistake. 例3 In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.,and,which,until/till,【解

23、題步驟】,1 瀏覽全文，掌握大意,2 分句閱讀，逐行找錯,3 檢查核對，攻克難點,4 規(guī)范答題 不超十個,practice,1. 2015課標卷I,When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green.,Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming h