高考英語專題講座之閱讀理解

1、高考英語專題講座之閱讀理解,題型及解題技巧,一、細節(jié)理解題： 1、直接事實題： 2、間接事實題：,先閱讀題干，確定讀材料的時候要查找的細節(jié)及事實的范圍，然后利用略讀的手法找出出處。,需結合上下文提供的語境和信息進行簡單的概括和判斷。,Many American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families. They spent their childrenhood in little wooden rooms. They got little education. Washington and Lincoln, for e

2、xample, never went to school and they taught themselves. Lincoln once did jobs of a worker, shop-keeper and post officer in his early years. A large number of U.S presidents had experiences in the army. The two best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Grant was a general in the Americ

3、an Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War. It happened that they graduated from the same schoolWest Point Military Academy(西點軍校),1,Q: President Eisenhower became well- known . A. while studying in West Point Military Academy B.during the American Civil War C. after he was electe

4、d President of the U.S. D. during World War II.,Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.,Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian， host of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight”， Miss Luo Lin， Miss Asia of 1991， appeared as the guest hostess on the Shan ghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai an

5、d taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition， she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.,2,However， it still took her three months to learn

6、 the art of walking on the stage， dancing， singing，making-up and other proper manners， designed by the Asia TV Station. “Its really a hard job for me. I wont enter for such competition any more. Anyhow， I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I w

7、on the title. This time， in Shanghai， Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience， said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.,Q： Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia

8、 TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,Miss Asia of 1991, Born in Shanghai , designed by the Asia TV Station,二、主旨判斷題：,題干形式： 1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4)Whic

9、h is the subject discussed in the text? 5)The best title for this newspaper article is _.,技巧：剔除細節(jié)或論據(jù)，找到各段的主題句 （topic sentence）,范圍一般包括： 短文標題、主題（Title）； 大意或段落大意（Main idea）,Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick

10、and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may be

11、come normal citizens again. They things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.,3,Q:What is the topic of the text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness. C. Reasons for Stealing D. A Normal Childs Actio

12、ns.,Topic Sentence: Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.,Boston- Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局) and the museum officials said. The fi

13、rst judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes-man Jim Tordan William Bobinson, of Hardvard Univercitys Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.”,4,Q: What is the best headline for this newspaper artic

14、le ? A. A Theft Took Place in Boston B. Artworks stolen by Thieves C. Major Works D. Investigation into the theft,Topic Sentence: Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings,5,You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your

15、eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy.,Q: What does the passage mainly tells? A. How people stay healthy B.How sleep is necessary C. Wh

16、y dreams are important D. When people remember their dreams,Topic Sentence: Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health,Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about h

17、ow to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精確), without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity (自動).,6,Q: The first paragraph tells us _. A. what automaticity is B. how accuracy is acqu

18、ired (獲得) C. how a child learns to walk D. how an athlete is trained.,Topic Sentence:Educators call it “ automaticity,In America we have Halloween. In Mexico they have Todos Santos, which means “ All Saints”. This is the day in which people remember family and friends who have died. They visit the c

19、emetery instead of going out to trick-or-treat. But they do have pictures of skeletons and ghosts hanging around. They also have many candy skulls to eat.,7,Q: What does the story mainly tells ? A. What holidays are like B. What Halloween is like in Mexico C. What happens during Todos Santos D. What

20、 we do on Halloween,三、推理判斷題：,題干形式： (1) It can be inferred from the text that _. (2) From the text we know that _. (3) The story implies that _. (4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _. (5) The writers attitude towardis _.,技巧：找出作者所陳述的細節(jié)、事實以及能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞語，進行符合邏輯的推理。 注意：不能以

21、自己的觀點代替作者的觀點 解推斷題最主要的方法是根據(jù)詞義關系推斷具體細節(jié)。,One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂） and two spiders（蜘蛛）.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my a

22、partment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”,8,Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment， it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects ,Some pe

23、ople are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK， they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. M

24、r Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them， it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr Neff knows almost everything. He doesnt ask quest

25、ions；he answers questions. He never says，“I dont know.”,9,Q： Which of the following best describes the writers attitude（態(tài)度） towards Mr Neff? A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff D. He does not like Mr. Neff,應試策略,一、考綱對閱讀的要求 二、二OO五高考英語閱讀

26、理解試題分析 三、2006年高考命題走向 四、閱讀理解題型研究 五、存在的問題與原因分析 六、閱讀訓練策略 七、高考英語閱讀理解應試方法和技巧 八、補全對話題型特點與解題技巧,一、考綱對閱讀的要求 要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書，報、雜志中關于一般性話題的簡短文章?？忌鷳埽?1)理解主旨要義；(2)理解文中具體信息；(3)根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；(4)作出簡單判斷和推理；(5)理解文章的基本結構；(6)理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。（摘自2005年高考大綱）,閱讀材料的選取遵循以下三個原則,1.閱讀量不少于1000個單詞，篇數(shù)不少于3篇； 2.題材多樣

27、化，包括科普、社會、文化、政治、經(jīng)濟等； 3.體裁避免單一化，包括記敘文、說明文、應用文等。,閱讀理解能力測試的主要要求：,1.掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細節(jié)； 2.既理解具體的事實，也理解抽象的概念； 3.既理解字面意思，也理解深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、意圖等； 4.既理解某句、某段的意義，也理解全篇的邏輯關系，并據(jù)此進行推理和判斷； 5.能根據(jù)閱讀材料所提供的信息，結合中學生應有的常識正確判斷生詞的含義。,二、二OO五高考英語閱讀理解試題分析,1.閱讀量大，讀速要求高 2.體裁多樣，題材廣泛 3.語篇結構復雜，長難句多 4.深層意義題有所增加,2005年高考英

28、語 （全國卷） 閱讀理解試題解析,A 篇,分析：本篇講述一位母親對女兒無私的愛。小女孩從12歲那年開始，每年在生日那天都會收到一枝梔子花，而且沒有附帶卡片，無法查出送花人。這是小女孩的生活充滿了快樂和幻想。小女孩的媽媽也使她感到了愛與被愛。直到母親去世后，小女孩才知道了神秘的送花人是誰。,41 主旨題。根據(jù)對全文的理解，文章以梔子花為線索，追憶了母親對自己的愛，而且最后一段暗示出媽媽是送花人。所以母愛應是文章的主題。答案為： 42 細節(jié)題。從第三段最后一句“In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like t

29、he gardenialovely, strong and perfect with perhaps a bit of mystery(神秘).”可知。答案為： 43 推斷題。 從文中最后一段可知母親去世后就沒有人送花了，推斷出送花人是母親。答案為：,B,C,D,B 篇,分析：本篇講述一個叫the Red Hat Society的組織，它是一個中老年婦女的組織，主張讓中老年婦女在為家庭操勞大半生后享有更多的快樂和自由。,44 猜測詞義題。 由“head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society”可知chapter屬于the Red Hat S

30、ociety這一機構的一部分，故可知答案為： 45細節(jié)題。 根據(jù)第三段第二句話中的“and the same people who refused their parents way of being young are now trying a new way of growing old”可知他們不愿意像其父母親那樣長大，而且現(xiàn)在正在嘗試以一種新的方式步入老年。答案為：,A,D,46 推斷題。 從文章第一句話“If you take into consideration feminism(女權主義), a bit of spare money, and better health for

31、most elderly, the Red Hat Society looks almost inevitable(必然的).”可知“the Red Hat Society”是一個帶有女權主義色彩的組織。答案為：,C,47 細節(jié)題。 根據(jù)第五段“Ellen Cooper, who founded the Red Hat Society”可知。答案為： 48 細節(jié)題。 根據(jù)最后一段“The point of this is that we need a rest from always doing something for someone else.”及“Were a ladies play group.”兩句話可知女士加入the Red H