全國外語翻譯筆譯一級樣題

1、 全國外語翻譯一級筆譯樣題Part 1 Translation from English into Chinese 3 hoursRead the following three passages.Translate them into Chinese.Write your answers on the answer sheets.You may use additional paper for your draft but you must copy your answers onto the answer sheets.Passage 1You Really Are What You Ea

2、tEarly in human history, food launched the revolution which introduced social inequality. At first it was a matter of unequal entitlements: some of the earliest known human burials reveal disparities in nourishment. Great heroes of antiquity were heroic eaters, as renowned for their prowess at table

3、 as in battle.The next revolution went to the heart of what, to me, global history is all about: long-range exchanges of culture, which happened as the reach of commerce lengthened. Taste is not easily communicable between cultures, yet today we eat high cuisines which call themselves “fusion” and “

4、international”.How did it happen? Forces capable of penetrating cultural barriers and internationalising food include war, hunger and imperialism. Cultural magnetism is powerful, too. But no influence equals that of trade, which hovers like a waiter at the table of world food, carrying surprising di

5、shes to unsuspecting diners. Trade in necessarily well travelled productssalt and spiceslong conditioned global politics and determined economic trends. A great leap in the range of world trade in the past 500 years precipitated the next great revolution: an ecological turnaround which made it possi

6、ble to transplant crops and transfer livestock to new climates.In the past two centuries, world population growth and urbanisation have driven a last revolution, creating a food deficit which only industrialisation could bridge: intensive production, mechanised processing and supply. Even eating was

7、 industrialised as mealtimes shifted and food became “faster”. The results included cheap food in the developing world which went rapidly from sufficiency to obesity. But in parallel, unindustrialised economies experienced the deadliest famines ever known.In partial response, as population figures l

8、eapt upwards, late 20th century agronomy forced the pace of production with high-yield grains, chemical fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation. It fed millions who might otherwise have starved. But new solutions usually create new problems: in this case, ecological damage. It is not yet clear whethe

9、r we have the means to escape from the worlds food problems, or merely the means of multiplying crisis. The next revolution will probably be a revulsion in favour of traditional agriculture, facilitated by a fall in world population.Passage 2In Defence of Globalization To keep my economist union car

10、d, I am required every morning when I arise to place my hand on the leather-bound family heirloom copy of Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations and swear a mighty oath of allegiance to globalization. I hereby do asseverate my solemn belief that globalization, taken as a whole, is a positive economic for

11、ce and well worth defending. I also believe that the economic and social effects of globalization are exaggerated by both its detractors andsupporters.In media coverage of anti-globalization protests, “globalization” often becomes a catch-all term for capitalism and injustice. (Indeed, for some prot

12、estors, referring to capitalism and injustice would be redundant.) But economic globalization in fact describes a specific phenomenon: the growth in flows of trade and financial capital across national borders. The trend has consequences in many areas, including sovereignty, prosperity, jobs, wages,

13、 and social legislation. Globalization is too important to be consigned to buzzword status.The degree to which national economies are integrated is not at all obvious. It depends on your choice of perspective. During the last few decades, international flows of goods and financial capital have certa

14、inly increased dramatically. One snap measure of globalization is the share of economic production destined for sale in other countries.The global tide of economic growth over the last century has not raised all economic ships. But globalization is an avenue through which high-income nations can rea

15、ch out to low-income ones. Expecting the poorest people in the world to pull themselves up by their bootstraps, without access to foreign investment, training, technical skills, or markets, verges on indifference or cruelty. Foreign aid has its place, but as a matter of practical politics, it will n

16、ever arrive in sufficient quantities, nor be spent with sufficient wisdom, to raise overall standards of living dramatically in low-income countries. Only a combination of institutional reforms within low-income countries, coupled with much closer connections to the extraordinary resources and buyin

17、g power of international markets, offers a realistic chance of substantially improving the plight of the poorest people in the world.Passage 3Debt for Nonproliferation:The Next Step in Threat ReductionDebt restructuring and reduction, whereby the terms of a loan are changed or part of a loan is forg

18、iven, are common tools used by creditors for a variety of purposes. Wealthier creditor nations, such as the United States, often restructure and reduce debt owed by developing nations in order to bring about positive economic change in a debtor country. Similarly, the private financial sector restru

19、ctures private debt owed by nations when it makes financial sense to do so. International nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and others have also worked with government and private creditors to use debt reduction to accomplish more philanthropic goals that can benefit both public and private credi

20、tors in less tangible ways.Indeed, “debt swaps”a term used loosely here to denote a creditor forgiving monetary debt in exchange for specific actions by a debtorhave been an effective tool for improving global conditions in a number of ways. The international environmental community, in particular,

21、has been very effective in encouraging and leveraging debt conversion to help meet global environmental objectives since 1984, when the World Wildlife Fund conceived of “debt-for-nature” swaps. In these exchanges, a portion of a countrys restructured debteither commercial debt or official debt owed

22、another countryis forgiven in return for the debtor dedicating an agreed-upon amount of local currency to an environmental project. Over the last two decades, nearly $1 billion in debt-for-swaps have been implemented.Another important area that would benefit from this relatively new and innovative f

23、unding mechanism is nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons proliferation prevention. Since 1992, the United States has directly underwritten about $10 billion in threat reduction activities in Russia and the former Soviet Union, but the situation demands even greater investment. Russias financial

24、 problems and security needs, which demand the formation of a sustainable Russian infrastructure to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction after direct U.S. assistance stops, both argue for increased involvement by other industrialized nations and the private sector. “Debt-for-nonp

25、roliferation” swaps are potentially powerful tools that could leverage current conditions to reduce further the security threat from Russias weapons infrastructure.第二部分：漢譯英Part 2 Translation from Chinese into English 3 hoursRead the following three passages.Translate them into English.Write your ans

26、wers on the answer sheets.You may use additional paper for your draft but you must copy your answers onto the answer sheets.Passage 1在“中國發(fā)展高層論壇”開幕式上的致辭節(jié) 選中國的發(fā)展離不開世界，世界的發(fā)展也離不開中國。中國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展與繁榮，將為世界各國提供廣闊的市場和合作機遇。在未來的5年里，中國貨物市場的開放將為貿(mào)易伙伴提供至少一萬五千億美元的市場機會。服務(wù)貿(mào)易市場的進一步開放，將為世界各國的投資者提供新的發(fā)展領(lǐng)域。中國是守信用、重承諾的國家。在剛剛閉幕的九

27、屆全國人大第五次會議上，中國政府明確宣告，要按照加入世界貿(mào)易組織的承諾，有步驟地擴大對外開放領(lǐng)域。從今年1月1日起，中國的平均關(guān)稅水平由15.3降低到12，大量的非關(guān)稅壁壘已經(jīng)取消，已經(jīng)有相當數(shù)量的外國銀行、保險公司、專業(yè)服務(wù)機構(gòu)和流通企業(yè)獲得批準，在中國開展業(yè)務(wù)。求和平、謀發(fā)展是全世界各國人民的共同愿望。中國是發(fā)展中國家，還要經(jīng)過幾十年時間的艱苦努力才能基本實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。加入世界貿(mào)易組織有利于中國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。中國在國際經(jīng)濟技術(shù)合作與交流中一貫奉行平等互利原則。中國的發(fā)展必將為世界經(jīng)濟的繁榮與穩(wěn)定作出更大的貢獻，而絕不會對其他國家和地區(qū)構(gòu)成威脅。無論現(xiàn)在還是將來，中國始終是維護世界和平和促進共同發(fā)展的重要力量。Passage 2方便與不便建設(shè)便捷與通暢的現(xiàn)代化交通體系，除了硬件設(shè)施、管理水平外，還有一個方面更值得重視：那就是我們的行為習慣。違反交通規(guī)則，可算是一個普遍現(xiàn)象，說起來幾乎人人有份。雖然我們常說遵守交通法規(guī)，但很多人并沒有把違反交通規(guī)則視為“違法”之舉。去年北京市電子警察記錄機動車違章58萬車次，執(zhí)法總數(shù)1400萬人次，這個被記錄下來的數(shù)字，相信只是一小部分。雖然人行天橋、地下通道越來越多，但隨意過馬路，仍是大多數(shù)人不假思索的隨機行為。為求方便