熊海虹主編《高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程_上》1-10單元原文+翻譯(個(gè)人整理方便學(xué)習(xí))

1、unit onetraits of the key playersdavid g. jensen核心員工的特征大衛(wèi)g詹森1 what exactly is a key player? a key player is a phrase that ive heard about from employers during just about every search ive conducted. i asked a client - a hiring manager involved in a recent search - to define it for me. every company

2、has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. on my team of seven process engineer and biologists, ive got two or three whom i just couldnt live without, he said. key players are essential to my organization. and when we hire your company to recruit f

3、or us, we expect that youll be going into other companies and finding just that: the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. we recruit only key players. 1核心員工究竟是什么樣子的?幾乎每次進(jìn)行調(diào)查時(shí)，我都會(huì)從雇主們那里聽(tīng)到“核心員工”這個(gè)名詞。我請(qǐng)一位客戶一位正參與研究的人事部經(jīng)理，給我解釋一下?！懊考夜径加猩贁?shù)幾個(gè)這樣的員工，在某個(gè)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，你可以指望他們把活兒干好。在我的小組中，有七名化工流程工程師和生物

4、學(xué)家，其中有那么兩三個(gè)人是我賴以生存的，”他說(shuō)，“他們對(duì)我的公司而言不可或缺。當(dāng)請(qǐng)你們公司替我們招募新人的時(shí)候，我們期待你們會(huì)去其他公司找這樣的人：其他公司經(jīng)理不想失去的員工。我們只招募核心員工?！? this is part of a pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitors companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. they want to hire a key player from another company. ev

5、ery company also hires from the ranks of newbies, and what theyre looking for is exactly the same. we hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. if it looks like they have these same traits, well place a bet on them. its just a bit riskier.2這是一段充滿了鼓動(dòng)性的談話，目的是把獵頭們派往競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的公司去游說(shuō)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的員工們做一次職業(yè)

6、變更。他們想從另一家公司招募核心員工。然而，每家公司也從新人中招人。他們要尋找的是完全一樣的東西?！拔覀儼阉麄兒凸卷敿?jí)員工表現(xiàn)出的特質(zhì)進(jìn)行對(duì)照。假如他們看起來(lái)有同樣特征的話，我們就在他們身上賭一把?！敝皇沁@樣有點(diǎn)兒冒險(xiǎn)。3 its an educated guess, says my hiring manager client. your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk. you need to help them identify you as a prospective k

7、ey player.3“這是一種有根據(jù)的猜測(cè)，”我的人事經(jīng)理客戶說(shuō)。作為未來(lái)的一名員工，你的工作是幫助人事部經(jīng)理降低這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，你需要幫助他們認(rèn)定你有潛力成為一名核心員工。4 trait 1: the selfless collaborator john fetzer, career consultant and chemist, first suggested this trait, which has already been written about a great deal. it deserves repeating because it is the single most pub

8、lic difference between academia and industry. its teamwork, says fetzer the business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out. you just cant succeed in an industry environment without this mindset4特征1：無(wú)私的合作者職業(yè)顧問(wèn)和化學(xué)家約翰費(fèi)策爾最早提出了這個(gè)特征。關(guān)于這個(gè)特征，人們

9、已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反復(fù)談及，是因?yàn)檫@一特征是學(xué)術(shù)界和企業(yè)間最明顯的差別。“這里需要合作，”費(fèi)策爾說(shuō)，“企業(yè)的環(huán)境并不需要單打獨(dú)斗，爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)好勝，所以表現(xiàn)出合作和無(wú)私精神的員工就脫穎而出了。在企業(yè)環(huán)境中，沒(méi)有這樣的思維方式就不可能成功。”5 many peptides and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent- researcher ro

10、le and outshining other young stars. you can make yourself more attractive to companies by working together with scientists from other laboratories and disciplines in pursuit of a common goaland documenting the results on your resume. this approach, combined with a liberal use of the pronoun we and

11、not just i when describing your accomplishments, can change the companys perception of you from a lone wolf to a selfless collaborator. better still, develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates collaborationsand make sure this

12、 quality gets mentioned by those who will take those reference phone calls.5許多博士后和研究生在進(jìn)行這種過(guò)渡的過(guò)程中表現(xiàn)得相當(dāng)費(fèi)力。因?yàn)樯杏心敲撮L(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間他們都在扮演一個(gè)獨(dú)立研究者的角色，并且要表現(xiàn)得比其他年輕的優(yōu)秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：為追求一個(gè)共同的目標(biāo)和來(lái)自其他實(shí)驗(yàn)室和學(xué)科的科學(xué)家們合作并且為你的個(gè)人履歷上的內(nèi)容提供事跡證明。這個(gè)方法，加上你在描述業(yè)績(jī)時(shí)開(kāi)明地使用代詞“我們”，而不是“我”，能使公司對(duì)你的看法從 “單干戶”轉(zhuǎn)變成“合作者”。更為有利的是，要在你實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)部，以及在和你們實(shí)驗(yàn)室

13、合作的人們之間，培養(yǎng)一個(gè)良好聲譽(yù)：一個(gè)鼓勵(lì)并發(fā)動(dòng)合作的人還要保證讓那些會(huì)接聽(tīng)調(diào)查電話的人們談及你的這個(gè)品質(zhì)。6 trait 2: a sense of urgencydon haut is a frequent contributor to the aas.sciencecareers. org discussion forum. he is a former scientist who transitioned to industry many years ago and then on to a senior management position. haut heads strategy

14、 and business development for a division of 3m with more than $2.4 billion in annual revenues. he is among those who value a sense of urgency.6特征2：緊迫感唐-豪特是一位給aaas.sciencecareersorg 網(wǎng)站論壇頻繁寫(xiě)稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科學(xué)家。許多年前他轉(zhuǎn)向了企業(yè)，并一直做到高級(jí)管理的職位。他在3m公司一個(gè)部門負(fù)責(zé)策略和商業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)工作，這個(gè)部門每年上繳的稅收高達(dá)24億多美元。他就是一個(gè)重視緊迫感的人。7 business happen

15、s 24/7/365 which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well, says haut. one way that companies win is by getting there faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where there is! this cr

16、eates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast and have the courage to act on their convictions. this requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小時(shí)，生意始終在進(jìn)行，那意味著一年365天，一周7天，一天24小時(shí)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也同樣在進(jìn)行，”豪特

17、說(shuō)，“公司取勝的方法之一就是要更快地到達(dá)目的地。這就是說(shuō)，你不僅要把所有能支持公司快速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的功能都調(diào)動(dòng)起來(lái)，而且還得知道如何決定目的地是哪里。這樣，不僅對(duì)那些行動(dòng)快速的人們，也對(duì)那些思維敏捷，并有勇氣按自己的想法行事的人們都提出了要求。這需要全公司各部門的運(yùn)作，而不僅僅是管理部門的工作?！? trait 3: risk tolerancebeing ok with risk is something that industry demands. a candidate needs to have demonstrated the ability to make decisions with i

18、mperfect or incomplete information. he or she must be able to embrace ambiguity and stick his or her neck out to drive to a conclusion, wrote one of my clients in a job description.8特征3：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)容忍度企業(yè)要求員工能承受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！耙幻舐氄咝枰憩F(xiàn)出僅憑不準(zhǔn)確、不完整的信息就做出決策的能力。他或她必須能接納不確定因素并冒著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)做出結(jié)論，”一位客戶在職業(yè)描述中寫(xiě)道。9 haut agrees. business succ

19、ess is often defined by comfort with ambiguity and risk- personal, organizational, and financial. this creates a disconnect for many scientists because success in academia is really more about careful, studied research. further, great science is often defined by how one gets to the answer as much as

20、 by the answer itself, so scientists often fall in love with the process. in a business, you need to understand the process, but you end up falling in love with the answer and then take a risk based on what you think that answer means to your business. putting your neck on the line like this is a sk

21、ill set that all employers look for in their best people.9豪特贊同這一說(shuō)法?！吧虡I(yè)成功通常有這樣一個(gè)特質(zhì)：那就是能接受不確定因素和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)個(gè)人的，組織上的和財(cái)務(wù)上的。這就讓許多科學(xué)家感到不適應(yīng)，因?yàn)閷W(xué)術(shù)上的成功其實(shí)是依靠認(rèn)真而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)难芯?。更進(jìn)一步說(shuō)，偉大的科學(xué)常常是由找尋答案的過(guò)程和答案本身兩者同時(shí)來(lái)定義的。因此科學(xué)家們往往沉迷于過(guò)程。在企業(yè)里，你需要了解過(guò)程，但最終你會(huì)迷上答案，然后根據(jù)你認(rèn)為該答案對(duì)你的企業(yè)所具有的意義來(lái)冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。像這樣敢冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是一套技能組合，是所有雇主在他們最好的員工身上所尋找的東西?！?0 another import

22、ant piece of risk tolerance is a candidates degree of comfort with failure. failure is important because it shows that you were not afraid to take chances. so companies consistently look for candidates who can be wrong and admit it. everyone knows how to talk about successesor they should if theyre

23、in a job searchbut far fewer people are comfortable talking about failures, and fewer still know how to bring lessons and advantages back from the brink. for my organization, a candidate needs to have comfort discussing his or her failures, and he or she needs to have real failures, not something ma

24、de up for interview day. if not, that person has not taken enough risk. says haut.10風(fēng)險(xiǎn)容忍度的另外一個(gè)要點(diǎn)是求職者對(duì)失敗的承受度。失敗很重要，因?yàn)檫@表示你不怕冒險(xiǎn)。所以各家公司總會(huì)尋找有可能犯錯(cuò)誤并敢于承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤的求職者。大家都知道如何談?wù)摮晒蛘弋?dāng)他們?cè)趯ふ夜ぷ鞯臅r(shí)候應(yīng)該知道。但很少有人樂(lè)意談?wù)撌?，更少有人知道如何從失敗的邊緣吸取教?xùn)和獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)。“對(duì)我的企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，求職者需要坦然地談?wù)撍蛩氖。宜蛩枰姓嬲氖〗?jīng)歷，而不是特意為面試而杜撰的東西。如果做不到的話，那么這個(gè)人冒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)還不夠，”豪特說(shuō)

25、。11 trait 4: strength in interpersonal relationshipsrick leach is in business development for decode genetics. leach made the transition to industry recently, on the business side of things. i asked him about this key trait because in his new business role, interpersonal abilities make the differenc

26、e between success and failure. scientists spend their lives accumulating knowledge and developing technical acumen, he says, but working for a business requires something else entirelypeople skills. the scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship as

27、sets above their technical assets. to suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be a very scary proposition for a person who has been valued and measured only by his mastery of things, says rick.11特征4：善于處理人際關(guān)系瑞克李奇在迪科德遺傳工程公司從事業(yè)務(wù)拓展。李奇最近才轉(zhuǎn)行到企業(yè)，做業(yè)務(wù)方面的工作。我向他咨詢這個(gè)重要特征，是因?yàn)樵谒?/p>

28、的新業(yè)務(wù)角色中，人際溝通能力在成功和失敗之間發(fā)揮著很大的作用?！翱茖W(xué)家畢生都在積累知識(shí)，培養(yǎng)技術(shù)上的敏銳感，”他說(shuō)，“但為企業(yè)工作需要完全不同的東西人際交往的能力。想轉(zhuǎn)行到企業(yè)界的科學(xué)家們必須優(yōu)先考慮他們的社會(huì)關(guān)系資源而不是技術(shù)資源。對(duì)一個(gè)以前一直根據(jù)專業(yè)知識(shí)水平被評(píng)價(jià)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，突然之間要根據(jù)他的人際交往能力來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)他，真是十分令人恐懼?！?2 it would be a mistake, however, to assume that strong people skills are required only for business people like leach. indeed, t

29、he key players ive met who work at the bench in industry have succeeded in great measure because theyve been able to work with a broad variety of personalities, up and down the organization.12然而，如果認(rèn)為只有像李奇那樣的生意人才需要熟練的人際溝通技巧，那就錯(cuò)了。事實(shí)上，我所遇見(jiàn)的在企業(yè)工作的核心費(fèi)工們之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因?yàn)樗麄兡軌蚺c公司上下各種各樣的人共事。unit twoculinary d

30、elights in china中餐被公認(rèn)為全球最佳美食之一，其種類之豐富，工藝之繁復(fù)，使其理所當(dāng)然地成為游客大快朵頤的樂(lè)事之一。中國(guó)美食1 chinese cuisine is a brilliant facet of chinese culture, which is proven by the fact that chinese restaurants are found scattered everywhere throughout the world. today, the culinary industry is developing even more rapidly than

31、before. a decade ago, beijing had a few thousand restaurants, while today there are over 100,000 restaurants of different sizes in the city.1中國(guó)美食是中國(guó)文化一道絢爛的風(fēng)景線，這點(diǎn)從世界各地隨處可見(jiàn)的中餐館可以窺見(jiàn)。當(dāng)今，烹飪業(yè)正以前所未有的速度在發(fā)展。10年前，北京只有幾千家餐館，而今天卻有10萬(wàn)多家大小不等的餐館遍布市內(nèi)。2 regional chinese cuisinesit is widely acknowledged that from th

32、e ming (1368-1644) dynasties onwards, there are eight major schools of chinese based op regional cooking. they came from shandong, sichuan, guangdong, fujian, jiangsu, zhejiang, hunan, and anhui provinces. in addition to these traditional cuisines, the culinary industry in china has undergone great

33、changes, as almost every place has its own local specialties, and as the different cuisines gather together in big cities, such as beijing.2地方美食眾所周知，明朝以來(lái)出現(xiàn)了八大菜系，分別是山東菜、四川菜、廣東菜、福建菜、江蘇菜、浙江菜、湖南菜和安徽菜。除了這些傳統(tǒng)菜系，中國(guó)的烹飪業(yè)也經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化：每個(gè)地方都形成了自己的特色菜，不同菜系匯集于諸如北京這樣的大城市。3 sichuan, known as natures storehouse, is als

34、o a storehouse of cuisine. here, each and every restaurant provides delicious yet economical culinary fare. the ingredients for sichuan cuisine are simple but the spices used are quite different. sichuan cuisine is famous for its spicy and hot food, yet just being hot and spicy does not necessarily

35、, distinguish it from other hot and spicy cuisines such as hunan or guizhou cuisines.what is really special about sichuan cuisine is the use of chinese prickly ash seeds, the taste of which leaves a feeling of numbness on ones tongue and mouth. besides this unique spice, sichuan dishes are usually p

36、repared with other spices such as chili pepper. using fermented bean sauce and a set of unique cooking methods. sichuan cuisine is now famous and popular across the world. in recent years, there have appeared many more renowned restaurants specializing in sichuan cuisine, such as the tan family fish

37、 head restaurant.3被譽(yù)為“天府之國(guó)”的四川也是個(gè)美食之都。在那里的任何一家餐館都能找到既可口又經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠的美食。川菜的原料雖簡(jiǎn)單，但調(diào)料卻大有講究。川菜以口味辣著稱，但僅是口味辣還不能使川菜區(qū)別于其他辣口味的菜系，比如湖南菜和貴州菜。川菜的特別之處在于花椒的使用。嘗過(guò)花椒之后，人們的舌頭和嘴巴會(huì)留下酥麻的感覺(jué)。除了花椒之外，川菜還常用辣椒粉之類的調(diào)料。因使用豆豉作配料，再加上一套獨(dú)特的烹飪方式，如今川菜在全世界都十分有名和受歡迎。近幾年涌現(xiàn)了一大批著名的專做川菜的餐館，比如譚魚(yú)頭。4 guangdong province is located in southern china

38、, with a moderate climate and abundant produce all year round. as one of the earliest ports open to foreign trade, the province has developed a culinary culture with its own characteristics that has exerted a far-reaching influence on other parts of china as well as throughout the world where it is

39、the most commonly available chinese cuisine. guangdong cuisine is famous for its seafood as well as for its originality and refined cooking processes. various soups in this cuisine are loved by people all over the country.4廣東省在中國(guó)南部，全年氣候溫和，物產(chǎn)豐富。它還是最早對(duì)外開(kāi)放的通商口岸之一。廣東的餐飲文化獨(dú)具特色，對(duì)中國(guó)其他地方乃至全世界產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。廣東菜以其好

40、生猛海鮮、追求新奇、細(xì)致考究的烹飪方法而著稱。廣東菜中的各式煲湯如今已深受全國(guó)各地人民喜愛(ài)。5 zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the loweryangtze river. one famous dish is west lake vinegar fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. many chinese restaurants in china, as we

41、ll as in other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in hangzhou, capital of zhejiang province, which has unique access to the fish and water of west lake.5浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲瓏，是長(zhǎng)江下游區(qū)域菜肴的代表。西湖醋魚(yú)是其中的一道名菜。這道菜鮮美，酥嫩，帶著自然的清香。中國(guó)乃至世界各地的中餐館大都能找得到這道菜，但口味往往

42、不及在浙江杭州吃得那般純正。因?yàn)橹挥泻贾輷碛衼?lái)自西湖的魚(yú)和水。6 every dish has a storythe names of chinese dishes are diverse, but behind each of the famous dishes is an interesting story explaining why it is popular. a good name can make the dish more interesting; however, some names are so eccentric that they may confuse people

43、, both chinese and foreigners. if you only translate the names literally with no explanation, you could make a fool of yourself.6每道菜都有一段故事中國(guó)菜名五花八門，而每道名菜都有一段有趣的故事，說(shuō)明它如何博得人們的喜愛(ài)。一個(gè)好名字能使這道菜更有意思；但有些菜名太怪異了，聽(tīng)起來(lái)讓人一頭霧水，不要說(shuō)外國(guó)人難以理解，就是中國(guó)人往往也不是很清楚。你要是望文生義，準(zhǔn)得鬧出笑話來(lái)。7 take goubuli steamed buns in the city of tianji

44、n for example. these popular buns are all of the same size and handmade. when served in neat rows on a tray, they look like budding chrysanthemum flowers. the wrapping is thin, the fillings are juicy, the meat, tender and the taste delicious and not at all greasy. then, why the name?7拿天津“狗不理”包子來(lái)說(shuō)吧?！?/p>

45、狗不理”純手工制作，大小均等，深受歡迎。這些包子整整齊齊地放在托盤上時(shí)，看上去就像是含苞欲放的菊花。皮兒很薄，餡兒飽蘸肉汁，口感柔軟，香而不膩。可為什么叫“狗不理”呢?8 there is an interesting story behind it. goubuli steamed buns were first sold in tianjin out 150 years ago. a local man by the name of gouzi (dog) worked as an apprentice in a shop selling baozi (steamed buns). aft

46、er three years, he set up his own baozi shop. because his buns were so delicious, he soon had a thriving business with more and more people coming to buy his buns. as hardworking as gouzi was, he could not keep up with demand so his customers often had to wait a long time to be served. impatient, so

47、me people would call out to urge him on, but as he was so busy preparing the buns, he didnt answer. people therefore came to call his buns goubuli, meaning gouzi pays no attention. this eccentric name, however, has had very good promotional effects, and has been used ever since. goubuli is now a tim

48、e-cherished brand name in tianjin.8“狗不理”的背后有一段有趣的故事。大約150年前，“狗不理”包子在天津初次亮相。當(dāng)?shù)赜袀€(gè)小伙子，名叫狗子，在一家包子店當(dāng)學(xué)徒。三年后，自己?jiǎn)为?dú)開(kāi)了一家包子店。他做的包子味道鮮美，因此生意十分紅火，吸引了越來(lái)越多的顧客。狗子工作十分賣力，可他還是滿足不了大家的需要，顧客們只得等很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。有些顧客等得不耐煩了，就在外面嚷嚷著催他快點(diǎn)，可狗子忙著做包子呢，哪有時(shí)間搭理。后來(lái)人們就把他做的包子稱作“狗不理”，意思是“狗子不搭理他們”?？删褪沁@個(gè)有點(diǎn)怪里怪氣的名字，反倒起了很好的廣告作用，這個(gè)名字一直沿用到了今天。如今“狗不理”已經(jīng)成

49、為天津的老字號(hào)。9 in zhejiang cuisine, there is a well-known dish called dongpo meat. this dish of streaky pork is prepared over a slow fire where the big chunks of pork are braised with green onion, ginger cooking wine, soy sauce, and sugar. the finished dish is bright red in color and the meat is tender a

50、nd juicy and, like the goubuli buns, not at all greasy. this dish was named after su dongpo (1037-1101), a great poet of the northern song dynasty (960-1127), who created it when he was an official in hangzhou. it is said that, when he was in charge of the drainage work for the west lake, su dongpo

51、rewarded workers with stewed pork in soy sauce, and people later named it dongpo meat, to commemorate this gifted and generous poet.9浙江菜里有一道深受歡迎的菜，叫東坡肉。這道菜是把五花肉切成大塊，配上青蔥，在鍋底放些生姜，然后加料酒、醬油和糖用慢火做出來(lái)的。這道菜色澤紅亮，酥嫩多汁，如“狗不理”一樣毫無(wú)肥膩之感。它以北宋時(shí)代大詩(shī)人蘇東坡的名字命名。蘇東坡在杭州做官時(shí)發(fā)明了這道菜。據(jù)說(shuō)，他當(dāng)時(shí)負(fù)責(zé)西湖的排污工程，經(jīng)常拿紅燒肉犒勞工人。后來(lái)為了紀(jì)念這位才華橫溢、慷慨

52、大方的詩(shī)人，人們就把它稱作東坡肉。10 fujian cuisine boasts a famous dish called buddha jumping over the wall, the numberone dish of the province. this dish is prepared with more than 20 main ingredients including chicken, duck, sea cucumber, dried scallop, tendon, shark lip, fish maw and ham. all these ingredients a

53、re placed into a ceramic pot, with cooking wine and chicken broth, and then cooked over a slow fire until the meat is tender and juicy and the soup becomes smooth and thick. then it is served with more than a dozen garnishes such as mushrooms, winter bamboo shoots and pigeon eggs. it is famous for l

54、eaving a lingering aftertaste in the mouth. the story behind the name of the specialty goes as follows:10佛跳墻是福建萊里的一道名菜，亦被稱作福建第一菜。這道萊的主料不下20種，有雞肉、鴨肉、海參、干貝、蹄筋、魚(yú)唇、魚(yú)肚、火腿配料10多種，有蘑菇、冬筍、鴿蛋等。所有的原料均放在一個(gè)陶罐里，加上料酒和雞湯后，用文火燉，一直燉到肉汁鮮美，柔潤(rùn)細(xì)膩，湯味渾厚。輕舔一口，余香滿口。這道特色菜的背后有這么一個(gè)故事：11 buddha jumping over the wall was created

55、in a restaurant called gathering spring garden in fuzhou, fujian, during the reign of the qing emperor, guangxu (1875-1908). it was named eight treasures stewed in a pot and the name was later changed to blessing and longevity. one day, several scholars carne to gathering spring garden for a meal. w

56、hen the dish was served, one of the scholars improvised a poem: fragrance spreads to the neighborhood once the lid lifts, / one whiff and the buddha jumps the wall, abandoning the zen precepts” hence the name of the dish!11佛跳墻是由福州市一個(gè)叫聚春園的餐館在清朝光緒年間發(fā)明的，早先菜名為八珍鍋，而后改為福壽全。一日，幾位秀才到聚春園飲酒。菜上桌時(shí)，其中一位即興賦詩(shī)一首“壇啟

57、葷香飄四鄰，佛聞棄禪跳墻來(lái)。”佛跳墻這一菜名便由此得來(lái)。12 warmth and hospitality expressed by foodin the eyes of chinese, what is important about eating, especially at festivals, is to eat in a warm atmosphere. often the young and old still sit in order of seniority, and the elders select food for the young while the young ma

58、ke toasts to the elders. chinese people like to create a lively, warm, and harmonious atmosphere during meals.12食物傳達(dá)的溫馨和盛情在中國(guó)人看來(lái)，吃最重要的，尤其在過(guò)節(jié)時(shí)，莫過(guò)于是吃飯時(shí)的溫馨氣氛。吃飯時(shí)，年長(zhǎng)的和年少的按照年齡大小依次坐好，在歡樂(lè)祥和的氣氛中，說(shuō)說(shuō)笑笑。席間，長(zhǎng)輩為晚輩夾菜，晚輩給長(zhǎng)輩敬酒，營(yíng)造出一派歡樂(lè)、溫馨、和諧的氣氛。13 a hostess or host in china will apportion the best parts of the dishe

59、s to guests. using a pair of serving chopsticks, she or he places the best part of a steamed fish or the most tender piece of meat on the plate of the most important guest. such a custom is still popular, especially among the elder generation, as a way of expressing respect, concern and hospitality.13在中國(guó)，主人會(huì)把最好的萊分給客