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1、七年級(jí)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)1、目前所學(xué)的動(dòng)詞的形式有4 種:動(dòng)詞原形;如:do;have;like動(dòng)詞的三單式(常在動(dòng)詞原形后加s);如:get-gets動(dòng)詞不定式(to+動(dòng)詞原形);如:meet-to meet動(dòng)詞ing式(動(dòng)詞原形后加ing)如:look-looking2、表示征求意見或建議邀請(qǐng)的禮貌用語(yǔ)Would you like +to+動(dòng)詞原形? (你想要嗎?)How about+動(dòng)詞ing ?(怎么樣?好不好?)What about +動(dòng)詞ing? (怎么樣?好不好?)Why not +動(dòng)詞原形? (為什么不呢?)Why dont you +動(dòng)詞原形 ?(你為什么不呢?)Lets +動(dòng)詞原形.

2、(讓我們吧。) 表示同意、答應(yīng):Yes,Id like to./Oh,Id love to. All right/OK.Great!Sure.Good idea!Thanks.Ill be glad to Thanks.That would be very nice.Id like that.表示不同意、拒絕:No,thanks.Sorry,I cant.Id like to.But Im afraid I cant/I have no time.3、目前學(xué)過(guò)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can, may,could,would和will等五個(gè)。學(xué)好情態(tài)動(dòng)詞必須把握三個(gè)用法:后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形 ;沒(méi)有三單式(其后

3、不能加s);可以把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句首構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句;可以在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加上not構(gòu)成否定句。4、目前學(xué)過(guò)的后跟動(dòng)詞不定式(to+動(dòng)詞原形)的有:would like to+動(dòng)詞原形(想要做某事); want to+動(dòng)詞原形(想要做某事);forget to+動(dòng)詞原形(忘記要做某事); like to +動(dòng)詞原形(喜歡做某事); love to +動(dòng)詞原形(喜歡做某事)ask sb. to +動(dòng)詞原形.(請(qǐng)/叫某人做某事)tell sb. to +動(dòng)詞原形.(告訴/叫某人做某事)would like sb. to +動(dòng)詞原形.(想叫某人做某事)want sb. to +動(dòng)詞原形.(想叫某人做某事)ha

4、ve to +動(dòng)詞原形(必須/不得不做某事)Nice/Glad/happy to +動(dòng)詞原形(很高興做某事) 如:Nice to meet you. Im glad to be here.5、目前學(xué)過(guò)的后跟動(dòng)詞原形的有:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:can,may,could,would,will后;助動(dòng)詞do,dont,does,doesnt后(does,doesnt一出現(xiàn),三單式要滾蛋);動(dòng)詞please(請(qǐng))后:如:Please tell him about the picnic.短語(yǔ)Why not/Why dont you后;動(dòng)詞let 后;如:Let Jane help you. Lets go hom

5、e.動(dòng)詞help后,也可帶to;如:Lets help Maria (to) carry water.祈使句以動(dòng)詞原形開頭,如:Have a seat , please.請(qǐng)坐下。 6、目前學(xué)過(guò)的后跟動(dòng)詞ing的有:Be動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞;如:Are you kidding? Im just looking.This is Michael speaking.所有的介詞后;已學(xué)過(guò)的介詞有:at,for,about,in,on,from,of,to,with,after等。如:What about +動(dòng)詞ing? Whatabout flying a kite with me ?How about +動(dòng)詞

6、ing? How about going fishing this Sunday?Its time for going home=Its time to go home.Thank you for helping me=Thank you for your help.go +動(dòng)詞inggo fishing去釣魚; go shopping去購(gòu)物do some shopping購(gòu)物like/love +動(dòng)詞ing (喜歡做某事)7、有單復(fù)數(shù)變化的詞名詞(1) 名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的方法 1)大部分在詞尾加s.如:dog-dogs2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 結(jié)尾的加es. 如: class-c

7、lasses bus-buses glass-glasses box-boxes watch-watches(手表) fish-fishes 3)以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i,加es.baby-babies(嬰兒) family-families(家庭) study-studies(書房) fly-flies(蠅子)注意:boy -boys play-plays toy-toys way-ways monkey-monkeys4)以 f, fe結(jié)尾的,變f, fe為v,加es.half-halves(一半)knife-knives(小刀)yourself(你自己)-yourselves

8、(你們自己)(2) 特殊變化的詞1) a 變e: manmen(男子) womanwomen(女子) snowman-snowmen(雪人) Englishman- Englishmen(英國(guó)人)Englishwoman-Englishwomen(英國(guó)婦女)2) o變e:foot-feet(腳) tooth-teeth(牙齒)3) 單復(fù)數(shù)同形:Chinese-Chinese(中國(guó)人) fish-fish(魚) yuan-yuan(人民幣元) 4) mousemice (老鼠) childchildren(兒童) 5)合成詞中一般變后面的詞:apple tree-apple trees(蘋果樹)

9、但下列需前后都變:man teacher-men teachers(男教師) woman doctor-women doctors(女醫(yī)生)6)集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如:people(人們)police(警察們)本身就是復(fù)數(shù),family指“全家人”時(shí),本身也是復(fù)數(shù),它們都不能加s. 如:The Chinese people are very kind.中國(guó)人民都 很友好。 Kangkangs family are all tall and thin.康康全家人都又高又瘦。be動(dòng)詞: 單數(shù)am, is; 復(fù)數(shù)are行為動(dòng)詞:復(fù)數(shù):動(dòng)詞原形單數(shù):在行為動(dòng)詞后加s或es(即動(dòng)詞的

10、三單式)。 如:Maria likes milk.(likes是三單式,為單數(shù))Maria and Jane like milk.(like是動(dòng)詞原形,為復(fù)數(shù))指示代詞 單數(shù):this這個(gè) that那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù):these這些 those那些8名詞s所有格單數(shù)名詞后直接加 “ s ”:Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的媽媽以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只加“”Teachers Day教師節(jié) the twins books雙胞胎的書不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù),加“ s ”Childrens Day 兒童節(jié) mens shoes男式鞋表示兩者共同擁有時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加sLuc

11、y and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽,一個(gè)媽媽)表示兩者各自擁有時(shí),要在每個(gè)名詞后加sLucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凱特的房間(各自的房間,兩間房子)9、人稱代詞和物主代詞表人稱代詞主格Iweyouhesheitthey賓格meusyouhimheritthem中文我我們你,你們他她它他們物主代詞形容詞性myouryourhisheritstheir名詞性mineoursyourshishersitstheirs中文我的我們的你的;你們的他的她的它的他們的用法:人稱代詞主格:作主語(yǔ),常放在句首;人稱代詞賓格:作賓語(yǔ),放在動(dòng)詞和介詞后;形容詞性物

12、主代詞:后有名詞時(shí),用形容詞性;(有名則形)名詞性物主代詞:后無(wú)名詞時(shí),用名詞性。(無(wú)名則名)10.句子的成分主語(yǔ):是句子要說(shuō)明的人和物,是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,是句子的主體,一般放在句首。主語(yǔ)由名詞,代詞擔(dān)任。謂語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作。只有動(dòng)詞才作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。賓語(yǔ):是動(dòng)作的接受者。放在動(dòng)詞或介詞后。由名詞,代詞擔(dān)任。如:Michael often looks after his sister at home on Sunday.主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)11. 三單問(wèn)題總則:主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞(謂語(yǔ))要用三單式。如: He gets up at six。 由于主語(yǔ)He是第三人稱單數(shù),動(dòng)詞get

13、后要s,即gets是三單式。 可以作第三人稱單數(shù)主語(yǔ)(三單主語(yǔ))的有:(1)he, she,it;(2)單個(gè)的人;單個(gè)的物。 動(dòng)詞三單式的構(gòu)成 (1)特殊的:beis havehas (2)有規(guī)律的:1)大部分在詞尾加s; 如: getgets take-takes needneeds knowknows 2)以s, x,ch, sh,o 結(jié)尾的加es; 如:guessguesses(猜) watch-watches(看) teachteaches(教) fishfishes(釣魚) gogoes(去) dodoes3)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i,加es. 如:studystudies

14、(學(xué)習(xí)) flyflies(飛,放) carrycarries(提) worryworries(擔(dān)心)注意:buybuys saysays playplays12.特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞的用法意思用法例句who誰(shuí)問(wèn)人的身份,姓名等He is LiLie Who is he ?He is my brother. Who is he ?whom誰(shuí)問(wèn)人的身份,姓名等(問(wèn)賓語(yǔ))I can ask him the question.Whom can you ask the question?what什么問(wèn)人的職業(yè)或事物是什么He is a worker. What is he?He has a book.

15、 What does he have ?which哪一個(gè)問(wèn)一定范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物The big box is mine. Which box is yours?The girl at the door is Ann. Which girl is Ann?whose誰(shuí)的問(wèn)所屬關(guān)系This is her book. Whose book is this ?This book is hers. what color什么顏色問(wèn)顏色(表語(yǔ))My skirt is red. What color is your skirt?What time幾點(diǎn)問(wèn)點(diǎn)時(shí)間We play games at five in t

16、he afternoon ?What time do you play games?when什么時(shí)候問(wèn)時(shí)間We play games in the afternoon ?When do you play games?where什么地方問(wèn)地點(diǎn)(狀語(yǔ))We play games at home on Sunday。Where do you play games on Sunday?why為什么問(wèn)原因He isnt at school today because he is ill.Why isnt he at school today ?how怎樣問(wèn)健康狀況、做事的方式等He is fine/st

17、rong. How is he ?I go home by bike. How do you go home?how old多大幾歲問(wèn)年齡He is ten. How old is he ?how many多少跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,問(wèn)數(shù)量There are thirty boys in my class.How many boys are there in your class?how much多少跟不可數(shù)名詞問(wèn)數(shù)量或價(jià)錢 There is some milk in the bottle.How much milk is there in the bottle?how far多遠(yuǎn)問(wèn)路程Its five

18、kilometers away from here How far is it from here?how soon多久問(wèn)in+一段時(shí)間He can finish it in half an hour.How soon can he finish it ?how long多久問(wèn)一段時(shí)間,問(wèn)物體的長(zhǎng)短He has lived here for a year. How long has he lived here?The desk is one meters long. How long is the desk ?how often多久(一次)問(wèn)頻率I go to see my parents o

19、nce a month.How often do you go to see your parents?對(duì)畫線部分提問(wèn),除了要注意選擇正確的疑問(wèn)詞外,還要注意語(yǔ)序的運(yùn)用。1、 對(duì)句子的主語(yǔ)提問(wèn),其語(yǔ)序是:疑問(wèn)詞+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分?(整個(gè)句子是陳述句語(yǔ)序)She is their teacher. Who is their teacher?主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)2、對(duì)句子主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)部分提問(wèn),其語(yǔ)序是: 疑問(wèn)詞+主語(yǔ)(即定語(yǔ)所修飾的名詞)+ 謂語(yǔ)+其他成分?(整個(gè)句子是陳述句語(yǔ)序)My book is over there. Whose book is over there ?主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)

20、 疑問(wèn)詞 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)以上兩點(diǎn)方法都是:用正確的疑問(wèn)詞代替畫線部分,再把句號(hào)改為問(wèn)號(hào),其余部分一般不做改變3對(duì)表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)部分提問(wèn),其語(yǔ)序是:疑問(wèn)詞+表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(畫線部分所修飾的名詞)+一般疑問(wèn)句(省略畫線部分和它所修飾的名詞)Im looking for my watch. Whose watch are you looking for ? 賓語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 疑問(wèn)詞 賓語(yǔ) 一般疑問(wèn)句(省略掉my watch)4、對(duì)表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn),其語(yǔ)序是:疑問(wèn)詞+ 一般疑問(wèn)句(省略掉畫線部分)? He lives in Beijing . Where does he live ? 狀語(yǔ) 疑問(wèn)詞 一般

21、疑問(wèn)句(省略掉畫線部分in Beijing )5、對(duì)謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn),其語(yǔ)序是:疑問(wèn)詞(What)+ 一般疑問(wèn)句(其中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用do 的相對(duì)應(yīng)形式代替, 省略掉賓語(yǔ))He watches TV in the evening What does he do in the evening?He watched TV yesterday evening. What did he do in the evening?He is watching TV now. What is he doing now?否定句:;含有否定詞not或 no的句子。改否定句的方法:先加后借 在句中找到Be動(dòng)詞(am, is

22、, are)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,may,could,would,will),在它后面加not;找不到以上詞時(shí),借dont或doesnt,放在動(dòng)詞前。注意:句子是三單主語(yǔ)時(shí),借doesnt;不是三單主語(yǔ)時(shí),借do.并且:doesnt一出現(xiàn),三單式要滾蛋。13、冠詞的用法a /an 不定冠詞,表示“一個(gè)”,放在單數(shù)名詞前,指不確定的某一個(gè); a 用在元音前(不是元音字母);an 用在輔音前(不是輔音字母)。如:(1) an English boy,an apple,an orange, an egg , an eraser, an old monkey, (2) an hour一個(gè)小時(shí) half

23、an hour 半小時(shí) (hour中h不發(fā)音)(3) a “ d”(一個(gè)d), an “i”, an “f”, an “x”, a “u”.the 定冠詞,表示“ 這,那,這些,那些”,放在名詞前,表示特指。14.數(shù) 詞(一)、基數(shù)詞 注意 eleven, twelve , thirteen, fourteen, eighteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, one hundred/thousand等詞的拼寫。具體用法如: Lesson Twelve, Class Two, Grade Eight, The No. 45 bus, Channel Five,

24、Room 302, the No.2 middle School, a five-year-old daughter注意1、“前有,后無(wú);前無(wú),后有”即 two hundred books , hundreds of books2、如 eight-year-old 的詞后面要加名詞3、“在某人幾十歲時(shí)”用 in ones +整十的復(fù)數(shù) 如:in her fifties, in their thirties4、表示“ 多高、多寬、多長(zhǎng)、多深,年齡少大、距離多遠(yuǎn)”時(shí),用“數(shù)量+單位+形容詞” 如:two months old, twenty meters deep(二)、序數(shù)詞注意 first,

25、second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, twenty-first, ninety-ninth, one hundredth等詞的拼寫。 具體用法如:the Twelfth lesson, June 5th, the Second World War, on his twentieth birthday.(三)、分?jǐn)?shù), 小數(shù)和百分比:分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá):分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞;分子大于一,分母加 s,分子和分母之間一般用連字號(hào)。 如3/5讀作three-fifths, 1/3讀作one-third078讀作zero point

26、 seven eight 7.45讀作 seven point four five45%讀作 Forty-five percent 67%讀作sixty-seven percent注意:分?jǐn)?shù)表示1/2, 可以用a/one half 表示;分?jǐn)?shù)1/4,3/4也可以用quarter表示。如:1/4讀作one-fourth or a quarter, 3/4讀作three-fourths or three quartersHalf of the students live in the school on weekdays. (習(xí)慣上省略a)One- third of the students ar

27、e on the playground.Three-fourths of the earth is covered with water.(四)、時(shí)間和鐘點(diǎn)7:15讀作seven fifteen/ a quarter past seven7:30讀作seven thirty/half past seven7:35讀作seven thirty-five/ twenty-five(minutes)to eight8:03讀作 three minutes past eight注意:如果分鐘不是5的倍數(shù),minute不能省略。(五)、日期和年份on March 8讀作 on march the eig

28、hth on 8th of March讀作 on the eighth of Marchin 1998讀作 nineteen ninety-five, in 2008讀作 in two thousand and eight15.介詞 一、介詞一般位于名詞或代詞之前,在句中不單獨(dú)做任何成分。介詞本身有獨(dú)立的含義,但意義不夠完整,在句中使用時(shí),后面必須接有賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)后,才能表達(dá)完整的意義。介詞短語(yǔ)在句中常作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 二、介詞的用法: (一)表示時(shí)間的介詞的用法: 1。at, on, in (1)at 在句中用在鐘點(diǎn)之前。意為“在點(diǎn)鐘”如:at six在6點(diǎn) (2)at用

29、在固定短語(yǔ)中。如: at noon在中午;at this time of year 一年這個(gè)時(shí)候 (3)on常用于表示具體的哪一天或某天的上午、下午及晚上或用于固定短語(yǔ)中。如:on the morning of June 在6月5日的早上; on a cold winter night在一個(gè)寒冷的冬天的夜里;on May 20th 在5月20日 (4)on用在星期前。如: on Sunday在星期日 (5)in用于年、月前面,季節(jié)、世紀(jì)前以及固定短語(yǔ)中。如: in 2008 在2008年; in October在10月; in spring 在春天; in the twentieth cent

30、ury 在二十世紀(jì); in his twenties 在他二十多歲時(shí); in the morning / afternoon / evening在早上/下午/晚上 2.before ,after,in in是以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn),表示將來(lái)一段時(shí)間以后,常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中。 eg: I will come back in three days.我三天以后回來(lái)。 after是以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn),表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間以后,常用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中。 eg:She went after three days. 她三天以后走的。 before 表示“某時(shí)刻或某時(shí)間之前”時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)句子而定。 E.g: Check your pap

31、ers carefully before you hand them in, (二)表示地點(diǎn)方位介詞的用法: 1.at, in at 后跟小地方,in后跟大地點(diǎn) 2.in, on, to in表示在某一范圍內(nèi)的某方位。on表示與某地相鄰關(guān)系。to表示在某一地區(qū)之外的某方位,不屬于該范圍。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. Shandong lies on the east of Hebei. China lies to the west of Japan. (三)表示手段方式的介詞的用法: in, by, with, on表示“用” (1)by主要指利用交

32、通工具。即:“by +名詞原形”或“行為手段by +v-ing形式”。如:I go to school by bike every day. He learns English by listening to cassettes. (2)in主要指用某種語(yǔ)言或用工具、材料以及方式( way)等。如: People say it in English. I often write in ink / pencil. He can say it in a different way. (3)on主要表示行走或站立時(shí)所用的身體部位,或利用交通工具。即:“on +冠詞 / 形容詞性物主代詞 + 交通工具

33、名詞”或接表示媒體的名詞。此時(shí)相當(dāng)于over。如: People walk on foot. But some people can walk on hand. He often goes to school on a bus. 注意:“on / in +冠詞 / 形容詞性物主代詞 + 交通工具名詞”這種交通方式的表達(dá)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“ by +交通工具名稱”。例:on a bike = by bike 如果交通工具名詞為car,習(xí)慣上用in ,其他多用on。如: He learns English on TV. (4)with主要指某一具體的勞動(dòng)工具、材料或用身體部位。如: They like w

34、riting with a brush.他們?cè)敢庥妹P寫字. We see with our eyes and hear with our ears.我們用眼睛看,用耳朵聽. 16.祈使句一、用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表達(dá)命令,因此在學(xué)校文法中也常稱為命令句。 祈使句因?qū)ο螅粗髡Z(yǔ))是第二人稱,所以通常都省略。祈使句的動(dòng)詞都為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),句末則使用句號(hào)來(lái)表示結(jié)束。.用客氣的語(yǔ)氣表示祈使句時(shí),可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please,那在please之前一定要加一個(gè)逗號(hào)“,”。二、表現(xiàn)形式 肯定結(jié)構(gòu): 1. Do型(即:動(dòng)詞原形(+賓

35、語(yǔ))+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 請(qǐng)這邊坐。 有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下,動(dòng)詞可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 請(qǐng)這邊走。 2. Be型(即:Be + 表語(yǔ)(名詞或形容詞)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一個(gè)好孩子! Be quite.安靜 Be careful!小心! 3. Let型(即:Let + 賓語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 讓我來(lái)幫你。 否定結(jié)構(gòu): 1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont構(gòu)成。如:Dont forg

36、et me! 不要忘記我! Dont be late for school! 上學(xué)不要遲到! 2. Let型的否定式有兩種:“Dont + let + 賓語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 賓語(yǔ) + not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分”。如:Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 別讓他走。 3. 有些可用no開頭,用來(lái)表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸煙!No fishing! 禁止釣魚! 17、There be 句型There be 句型表示“某地存在某人/物”。它的構(gòu)成形式一般為There areis某物人地點(diǎn)。它即可以表示某

37、地方有什么東西,也可以表達(dá)某地方有什么人。There are 20 students in a class. 班里有20名學(xué)生。There is an apple on the desk. 桌子上有個(gè)蘋果。There are many students in the classroom. 教室里有很多學(xué)生。一、There be 句型的句式否定句:be后加not。注意肯定句中的some變?yōu)閍ny。There isnt any water in the bottle. 瓶子里沒(méi)有水。疑問(wèn)句:be提到主語(yǔ)前。同樣,some變?yōu)閍ny。一般疑問(wèn)句的簡(jiǎn)略肯定回答:Yes, there is/ are.

38、否定回答:No, there isnt/ arent. Is there any water in the bottle? 瓶子里有水嗎? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt. 有。/沒(méi)有。二、there be句型有數(shù)的變化 be的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ),單數(shù)主語(yǔ)用is,復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)全用are;如有并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),be隨第一主語(yǔ)變,即就近原則。There is a pen and two erasers on the desk. 課桌上有一支鋼筆和兩塊橡皮。There are two erasers and a pen on the desk. 課桌上有兩塊橡皮和一支鋼筆。三

39、、there be句型與have的區(qū)別當(dāng)表示“人”(有生命的)有的時(shí)候,用have或has,強(qiáng)調(diào)所屬關(guān)系;當(dāng)表示“物”(無(wú)生命的)有的時(shí)候,用there is 或 there are,強(qiáng)調(diào)空間上的存在。I have a brother. 我有一個(gè)弟弟。There are many apples on the table. 桌子上有許多蘋果。 18. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,或表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。 其動(dòng)詞形式是:動(dòng)詞原形(只有第三人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)除外,要加-s)其疑問(wèn)句和否定句需要用助動(dòng)詞do或does 1) 肯定句用行為動(dòng)詞原形表示 They get up very

40、early every morning. 他們每天早晨起來(lái)很早。 I visit my grandparents four times a month. 我一個(gè)月去看望祖父母四次。 2) 否定句用dont + 動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表示 We do not go shopping on Sundays. 我們周日不去購(gòu)物。 I dont think you like this colour. 我想你不喜歡這個(gè)顏色。 3) 一般疑問(wèn)句則是把助動(dòng)詞do提前至句首,后面動(dòng)詞用原形?;卮饡r(shí),肯定用 “Yes, 主語(yǔ)+do”;否定句用 “No, 主語(yǔ)+dont”。 Do they go to school at s

41、even oclock? 他們七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)嗎? -Yes, they do. -Do you like this skirt? 你喜歡這條裙子嗎? -No, I dont. 不,我不喜歡。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用來(lái)表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與以下的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用:often 經(jīng)常,always 總是,sometimes 有時(shí),usually 通常,every day/ week 每天/ 周等。 He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他騎車上學(xué)。 I visit my grandparents every week. 我每個(gè)星期都去看祖父母。 She is always l

42、ate for class. 她總是上課遲到。 My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我和父母有時(shí)出去吃飯。 It often rains here. 這兒常常下雨。 主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要是第三人稱單數(shù),后要加-s或-es。 He likes reading at night. 他喜歡夜里讀書。 She usually goes to school by bike. 她平時(shí)騎車上學(xué)。 The little cat drinks milk every day. 小貓每天都喝牛奶。 轉(zhuǎn)換成

43、否定句要加doesnt,其后的動(dòng)詞用原形。 Kelly doesnt get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 凱麗星期六星期天起床不早。 He doesnt feel well today. 他今天感覺不舒服。 轉(zhuǎn)換成一般疑問(wèn)句,句首用Does,其后的動(dòng)詞用原形。 Does he have lunch at school? 他在學(xué)校吃午飯嗎? Does it take long by train? 乘火車要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間嗎?19. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài): 概念:表示現(xiàn)在(說(shuō)話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可以表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。 結(jié)構(gòu):由be動(dòng)詞(

44、am, is, are) + 動(dòng)詞ing構(gòu)成,其中be動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)保持性數(shù)一致。 Mary is flying a kite in the park. 瑪麗正在公園里放風(fēng)箏。 -What are you doing now? 你現(xiàn)在在干什么? -Im reading English. 我正在讀英語(yǔ)。 Are they drawing the pictures now? 他們正在畫畫嗎?動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞是動(dòng)詞原形變化而來(lái)的,規(guī)則變化如下: 動(dòng)詞ing形式叫動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞,其構(gòu)成如下: 1) 直接在動(dòng)詞后加ing playplaying, dodoing, talktalking, sing-singing 2) 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去e,再加ing makemaking, writewriting, havehaving, taketaking 3) 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,應(yīng)雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加ing runrunning, stopstopping, putputting, swimswimming 注意對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的判斷。判斷一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子用什么時(shí)態(tài),主要

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