002英漢翻譯知識.ppt

1、機(jī)械工程英語,Mechanical Engineering English,英漢翻譯知識（Tips）,翻譯實(shí)際上就是根據(jù)兩種語言的不同，做出相應(yīng)的處理，將一種語言所表達(dá)的某一意義內(nèi)容用另一種語言表達(dá)出來； A）兩者的詞匯不同 Machine-機(jī)器；electricity-電； Machine-machines; develop-develops-developed-is developed B）兩者的句子結(jié)構(gòu)不同 A hydropress is a press operated by hydraulic pressure. 液壓機(jī)是靠液壓工作的壓力機(jī)。 C）兩者的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式不同 第三層樓-t

2、he second floor（英式英語）. 優(yōu)點(diǎn)很多-There are many good points.,英譯漢的一般知識：（Common Knowledge）,N2 is less dense than air.-,氮比空氣更不密。,氮的密度比空氣小,When the circuit increases in length- When the length of the circuit increases,翻譯的任務(wù)在于通過一種語言的詞匯、語法結(jié)構(gòu)、習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式理解句子的意義內(nèi)容之后，以另一種語言的詞匯、語法結(jié)構(gòu)、習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式將該意義內(nèi)容表達(dá)出來，決不能根據(jù)一些詞匯或語法的表面現(xiàn)象從一

3、種語言直接跳躍到另一種語言： A）錯誤一：只著重詞匯方面 The production of aluminum is second only to that of iron and steel. B）錯誤二：根據(jù)一些專業(yè)知識去猜想或拼湊其意義 Even metal plates can be pierced through by laser beam. C）錯誤三：忽略了習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式 Mild steels are not so hard as high- or medium-carbon steels. Silver is the most conductive metal. Medium-

4、carbon steels contain more carbon than mild steels. To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.,英譯漢的一般知識：（Common Knowledge）,鋁的生產(chǎn)是只不過那個鐵和鋼的第二。,鋁的產(chǎn)量僅次于鋼鐵【的產(chǎn)量】,平滑的金屬板可以通過激光束,甚至金屬板也能被激光束穿透,In conclusion, 正確的翻譯應(yīng)該是首先弄清詞義，弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，然后在確切理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣和科技特點(diǎn)表達(dá)出來。,英譯漢，最大的問題是詞義的選擇（針對多義詞）； A）科技專業(yè)詞匯一般

5、一詞一義 Gear slotter, proton B）一類多義詞：要從上下文的聯(lián)系、詞匯搭配、專業(yè)內(nèi)容等方面進(jìn)行判斷，正確選擇詞義 Sciences develop very fast. The photographic developing process The formulas developed C）多類多義詞：除參考B）以外，要先確定屬于何種詞類，再判斷詞義 People like using tapered files. (vt.) Like poles repel each other. (adj.) A planer is like a shaper in many resp

6、ects. (prep.) Rubbers, wood, ceramics, and the like are good insulators. (n.) D）除考慮詞匯意義外，也要考慮語法意義 Sciences develop very fast.,弄清詞的意義：（Clarify the meaning ）,So, 詞義的選擇必須根據(jù)詞在劇中的邏輯地位與語法地位來考慮，不能孤立進(jìn)行，例如： The value of can be found from the following formula. A boring machine is used to bore holes.,翻譯時可能會遇到

7、詞典上的詞義“不夠用”的情況，一方面需要在基本詞義的基礎(chǔ)上引伸出比較確切的詞義（次要意義）；另也需結(jié)合單詞在句中的須發(fā)地位與邏輯地位來進(jìn)行（如根據(jù)詞形變化賦予的語法意義） Wonderful laser tools are now available. Mechanics is the study of the motion of objects. Steel is among the strongest of all constructional materials. Semiconductors exist in nature; but men did not know much abou

8、t them. The electrodes of a transistor are the emitter, the collector and the base. 翻譯時要充分注意固定用法或成語,弄清詞的意義：（Clarify the meaning ）,有些詞與一些反義詞連用時，意義卻是一樣的 Slow up-Slow down 有些詞與一些并非明顯的反義詞連用時，意義卻相反(如over-前綴) This point must not (should not) be overemphasized. This point can not be overemphasized.,弄清詞的意義：

9、（Clarify the meaning ）,詞義與句子結(jié)構(gòu)弄清以后，需用恰當(dāng)?shù)臐h語表達(dá)出來；這將涉及到所謂的翻譯技巧，如：省詞、加詞、重復(fù)、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換、句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換、句子數(shù)量增減、全句改譯等，盡量做到在正確表達(dá)原句意義的情況，譯文通順，符合漢語習(xí)慣 The fact that force and counterforce are equal and opposite can be proved in many ways.（省詞、加詞） The book consists of 500 pages, with many pictures in it.（重復(fù)） Conductors behave

10、differently from insulators.（詞類轉(zhuǎn)換） Iron and copper, which have many good properties, are widely used in industry. （句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換） Two elements combine to form water: they are hydrogen and oxygen. （句子數(shù)量減少） If not well insulated, the wire is dangerous. （全局部分改譯）,用漢語確切表達(dá)：（Express Accurately ）,Tickle sb. pink S

11、eal sb.s lips,Idioms,Riddles,1. Q: Which can move faster, heat or cold?,A: Heat, because you can catch cold.,A: Three and a half minutes.,2. Q: If it takes three and a half minutes to boil one egg, how long does it take to boil four eggs?,Homework Please translate the paragraph below in Chinese 1.A beam freely supported at the ends is called a simple beam.（P389，詞義引申） 2. The procedure varies quite a lot, dependent upon the nature of the material used. （P393，句子數(shù)量增加） 3. For two wires connected in series, th