大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)翻譯技巧及專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)講解

1、翻譯題應(yīng)試技巧 漢語(yǔ)主動(dòng)句譯成英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句我們?cè)跐h譯英時(shí)，往往也需要把漢語(yǔ)主動(dòng)句譯成被動(dòng)句。這是因?yàn)椋簽榱吮ＷC上下文連貫，使銜接更緊密，句子更自然；或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者；或使語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)、措辭恰當(dāng)。具體轉(zhuǎn)換方法有如下兩種。1）把漢語(yǔ)主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)譯成英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。例1 _（將領(lǐng)你們?nèi)⒂^我們的新車(chē)間）by the secretary.譯文：You will be shown our new workshop.簡(jiǎn)評(píng)：如果這句話(huà)不是劃線(xiàn)填內(nèi)容，你完全可以將它翻譯成The secretary will show you our new workshop。正是因?yàn)轭}型是補(bǔ)全句子，這就給翻譯帶來(lái)了一定的難度，你

2、必須去適應(yīng)題型要求而不是讓題型來(lái)適應(yīng)你。讓我們看看譯文已給出部分：by the secretary顯然是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)特征，秘書(shū)在譯文里已經(jīng)由原來(lái)的主語(yǔ)變成了譯文句子的補(bǔ)足成分。所以，題目是暗示我們要把原句中你們轉(zhuǎn)換成譯句里的主語(yǔ)，這樣才符合出題要求。例2 You _（我們期待你能組織貿(mào)易推廣活動(dòng)）this time.譯文：are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns.簡(jiǎn)評(píng)：根據(jù)題目可推知全句意思是：我們期望你能組織這次的貿(mào)易推廣活動(dòng)。中文句子主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)分別是：我們、期望、你。但是在英文譯文的給出部分中我們看到句子以you開(kāi)頭

3、，也就是說(shuō)你被期望能組織這次貿(mào)易推廣活動(dòng)。中文的賓語(yǔ)變成了英文的主語(yǔ)，這就要求我們?cè)诜g時(shí)要使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。全句完整答案是：You are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns this time.2）當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)句以我們、人們、大家等泛指性代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，在翻譯成英文的時(shí)候常?？梢院雎灾髡Z(yǔ)不譯，并把英文譯句處理成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。處理后的英文譯句往往帶有 know，see，find，say，suppose，estimate，report，suggest，stress，consider，expect，admit，point，understand 等

4、動(dòng)詞。例3 如果原子失去一個(gè)或多個(gè)電子，我們就說(shuō)這個(gè)原子帶正電荷。譯文：If one or more electrons are removed，the atom is said/believed/thought to be positively charged.簡(jiǎn)評(píng)：這句話(huà)是一個(gè)條件從句。即：在原子失去一個(gè)或多個(gè)電子的情況下，這個(gè)電子帶正電荷。我們就說(shuō)這個(gè)原子帶正電荷可理解為這個(gè)原子被認(rèn)為/ 被確信/ 被說(shuō)成是帶正電荷。那么根據(jù)前面所說(shuō)的原則，我們?cè)诜g時(shí)可以將泛指性主語(yǔ)我們省略不譯，并使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。從這個(gè)例子里我們還可以看出，在科技文章中，根據(jù)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣我們應(yīng)當(dāng)多采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，以強(qiáng)調(diào)事物

5、的客觀性。例4 人們采用各種措施來(lái)防止腐蝕。譯文：All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion.簡(jiǎn)評(píng)：這句話(huà)可以按原文譯成主動(dòng)態(tài)，即：People have taken all kinds of measures to prevent corrosion。也可以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)翻譯-All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion。兩者比較而言，被動(dòng)態(tài)譯文更突出表明所有、種種措施已經(jīng)付諸實(shí)施，all kinds of measures得到強(qiáng)調(diào)，而主動(dòng)態(tài)譯法只是平鋪直敘，重點(diǎn)不突出。此

6、外，漢語(yǔ)句子中有據(jù)說(shuō)、據(jù)了解、據(jù)報(bào)道、據(jù)估計(jì)、據(jù)傳言等詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以酌情譯成相應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句，如：It is supposed that（據(jù)推測(cè).），It is said that（據(jù)說(shuō).），It is estimated that（據(jù)估計(jì).），It is calculated that（預(yù)計(jì).），It is reported that（據(jù)報(bào)道.），It is suggested that（有人建議），It is stressed that（有人強(qiáng)調(diào).），It is thought that（有人認(rèn)為.），It is considered that（有人認(rèn)為.），It is expected t

7、hat（據(jù)期望.），It is well known that（眾所周知.），It must be admitted that（必須承認(rèn).），It must be pointed out that（必須指出.），It is understood that（誰(shuí)都知道.），It may be safety said that（可以有把握地說(shuō).）等。例5 據(jù)了解，這個(gè)地區(qū)有豐富的自然資源。譯文：The area is known to be rich in natural resources.例6 眾所周知，自然光其實(shí)是由許多種顏色構(gòu)成。譯文：It is well known that natura

8、l light is actually made up of many colors.Exercise Ten1. A dog has won a German government award _ （因協(xié)助警方勸阻一名婦女自殺）.2. The manager points out _ （我們的工作進(jìn)展令人滿(mǎn)意）.3. _ （這棟房子需要現(xiàn)代化）：it has no bathroom or electricity.4. _（飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候起飛）has not been announced.5. His idea is _（應(yīng)該立即執(zhí)行計(jì)劃）. 答案解析：1. for helping police

9、 persuade a woman not to commit suicide解析：本句考查的是句子邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)意思可知，句子前半句是果，后半句是因。一只狗因?yàn)閰f(xié)助警方阻止了一名婦女的自殺而獲德國(guó)政府獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。英語(yǔ)通常把表示目的、假設(shè)、原因、讓步等內(nèi)容放在句子的后部，因此這句話(huà)可以由because，for來(lái)引導(dǎo)。自殺有一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)commit suicide，勸阻要用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果成功的persuade。2. that our work is progressing satisfactorily解析：本題考查詞性的轉(zhuǎn)譯，即：將原漢語(yǔ)句子中的動(dòng)詞令人滿(mǎn)意轉(zhuǎn)移成英語(yǔ)的副詞satisfactorily。這種

10、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是翻譯常用技巧，適當(dāng)?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)換可使譯文通順，符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣。另外，句子需填入部分在全句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句，因而不能漏譯that。3. This house needs modernizing解析：本題同樣考查漢英詞性轉(zhuǎn)換技巧。全句意為：這棟房子既沒(méi)有浴室也沒(méi)有電，（因而）需要現(xiàn)代化?，F(xiàn)代化在漢語(yǔ)里是一個(gè)名詞，在這個(gè)句子中實(shí)際上指的是房子需要配置現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備，它的含義不等同于modernization，配備現(xiàn)代化設(shè)施可以用modernizing來(lái)表示。英語(yǔ)里很多以 -ing結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞表示該動(dòng)作的過(guò)程，通常與need連用，如：These clothes need washing. 本題是從名詞到動(dòng)

11、詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。4. When the plane is to take off解析：本題考查的是以連接副詞when引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句的翻譯。中文意思是：飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候起飛還沒(méi)有公布。這樣的主語(yǔ)從句一般可以采用順序法翻譯。順序法同樣也適用于以that，what，whatever，who，whoever，where，how，why等引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。如：認(rèn)識(shí)他的人都信任他。（Who knows him will believe him.）本題的另一個(gè)考點(diǎn)是：什么時(shí)候起飛是一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，可以用be to來(lái)表達(dá)。5. that the plan should be carried out immediately解

12、析：本題綜合考查了表語(yǔ)從句、無(wú)主語(yǔ)翻譯以及慣用搭配。首先，His idea is前半部分是一個(gè)完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，句子需填入部分在全句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)；其次，應(yīng)該立即執(zhí)行計(jì)劃中計(jì)劃是被用來(lái)執(zhí)行的，但是題干中并沒(méi)有提到誰(shuí)會(huì)來(lái)執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃。因此，在主語(yǔ)沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)的情況下，可以采用被動(dòng)譯法。執(zhí)行計(jì)劃在英語(yǔ)里可以用carry out the plan，perform the plan，implement the plan來(lái)表示。二、漢譯英專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)答案及解析一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法1) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2(考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 形容詞/副詞比較級(jí) + than)2) reac

13、ts three times as fast as the other one(考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞/副詞 + as)3) is 49 times the size of the moon(考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 名詞)4) wants to raise the rent by a third(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + by + 數(shù)詞/百分比/倍數(shù))5) plan to double their investment(考點(diǎn)：double + 名詞)二、時(shí)態(tài)1) or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church(考點(diǎn)：

14、將來(lái)完成時(shí))來(lái)源：2) the children had fallen asleep(考點(diǎn)：過(guò)去完成時(shí))3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside(考點(diǎn)：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí))4) have been revising my resume all the morning(考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday(考點(diǎn)：It has been since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有做某事了)6) He

15、has been in the army for 5 years(考點(diǎn)：1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);2.要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才能接一段時(shí)間)三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector(考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))2) will have been published by the end of this year(考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的將來(lái)完成時(shí))3) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work(考點(diǎn)：1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞聯(lián)用; 2. 漢語(yǔ)有些沒(méi)有“被”字等標(biāo)志詞的句子也表示被

16、動(dòng), 要譯成英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))4) I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated(考點(diǎn)：同“3”的考點(diǎn)2)5) Effective measures must be taken immediately(考點(diǎn)：漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句通常翻譯成英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1) but there is no answer. She cant be at home(考點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示可能性，cant 表示“一定不”)考試大全國(guó)最大教育類(lèi)網(wǎng)站(wwwE)2) I may have

17、left them in the coffee shop yesterday(考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的主觀判斷)3) You must have dreamed of something terrible(考點(diǎn)：同上)www.xamda.CoM考試就到考試大4) You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony(考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should/ought to + have done” 用于評(píng)論過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并未做的動(dòng)作，含有批評(píng)的意思)5) I n

18、eednt have put on my best suit to go to the party(考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞neednt + have + done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行評(píng)論，認(rèn)為“無(wú)須發(fā)生”，“不必做”)五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣1) I had had your opportunities when I was young(考點(diǎn)：I wish后的that從句中用過(guò)去完成式表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望)2) he had known this disease is curable(考點(diǎn)：If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句表示“但愿”或“要是就好了”，用法與 I wish基本相同)3) pain

19、ted it blue, and without any decorations(考點(diǎn)：would rather 后的that從句中用過(guò)去式表示不是事實(shí))4) measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams(考點(diǎn)：Its (about/high) time 后的that從句中用過(guò)去式，表示“該是的時(shí)候了”)5) as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly(考點(diǎn)：as if / as though引導(dǎo)的從句中用過(guò)去式表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑)6) Jack

20、 (should) be sent to hospital right now(考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)7) more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area(考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的主語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)8) they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem(

21、考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的表語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)9) the mid-term exams (should) be canceled(考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的同位語(yǔ)從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞及其名詞常見(jiàn)的有：advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, in

22、dicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞還有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等10) we

23、 (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining(考點(diǎn)：在It is/was +形容詞后的that從句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建議驚奇等。這類(lèi)形容詞常見(jiàn)的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory

24、, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等)11) everyone (should) be prepared for emergency(考點(diǎn)：同上)來(lái)源：考試大12) If he had booked tickets in the way I told him(考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反)13) if I had not been interrupted(考點(diǎn)：同上)14) If it had rained, the ground would be wet(考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中，當(dāng)主句與從句表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生

25、時(shí)，就根據(jù)情況用適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式)15) If I had been living in New York(考點(diǎn)：同上)16) he would be dead now(考點(diǎn)：同上)17) we could not have rent a house at such a low price(考點(diǎn)：but for經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語(yǔ))18) otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question(考點(diǎn)：otherwise也經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語(yǔ))19) I would seize th

26、e opportunity without hesitation(考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中如果有were, had, should這三個(gè)詞，可以省去if，采用主謂語(yǔ)倒裝的形式來(lái)表示條件)20) this act would have been passed much earlier(考點(diǎn)：同上)21) the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy(考點(diǎn)：同上)22) lest he should awaken the baby(考點(diǎn)：lest (以免)引導(dǎo)的從句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虛擬)六、不定

27、式1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months(考點(diǎn)：不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首代替不定式，而將不定式移到謂語(yǔ)后面)2) for us to have a good nights sleep before the test(考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)用“介詞for + 代詞/名詞”來(lái)表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)整句的謂語(yǔ)描述的對(duì)象是事情，這種情況下謂語(yǔ)中常用的形容詞有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等)3) of you to donate so mu

28、ch money to the people in the disaster area(考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)用“介詞of + 代詞/名詞”來(lái)表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)整句的謂語(yǔ)描述的對(duì)象是人，這種情況下謂語(yǔ)中常用的形容詞有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等)4) not

29、to punish those students who had been late for class(考點(diǎn)：1. 用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作decide的賓語(yǔ);2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not)(能帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, i

30、ntend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish)5) whether to visit their son in France(考點(diǎn)：“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”作動(dòng)詞wonder的賓語(yǔ)。能以這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞通常有ask, consider, decide, d

31、iscover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等)6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon(考點(diǎn)：不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art(考點(diǎn)：同上)(能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable,

32、determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注：劃線(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶to)8) to be the c

33、hairman of students union in so large a university(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞 + 不定式。it是形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式是真正賓語(yǔ))9) to apply what we have learned in class to practice(考點(diǎn)：不定式作定語(yǔ))考試大論壇(不定式常用作以下名詞/代詞的定語(yǔ)：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure,

34、intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等)10) ruined our plan to show the film in the open air(考點(diǎn)：同上)11) the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs(考點(diǎn)：同上)12) American woman to explore the outer space(考點(diǎn)：由only,

35、last, next，序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語(yǔ))13) only to drop it on their own feet(考點(diǎn)：不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))14) to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village(考點(diǎn)：不定式作原因狀語(yǔ))15) to have taken up so much of your time(考點(diǎn)：1. 不定式作原因狀語(yǔ);2. 不定式的完成時(shí))16) to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in(考點(diǎn)：不定式的進(jìn)行式)17) to be tr

36、eated as a guest(考點(diǎn)：不定式的被動(dòng)形式)18) go to the campus bookstore to buy used books(考點(diǎn)：不帶to的不定式)19) but play bridge the whole day(考點(diǎn)：同上)20) to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room(考點(diǎn)：當(dāng)動(dòng)詞see, make, hear等用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要保留to)七、分詞1) “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian(考點(diǎn)：分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))(catch, discov

37、er, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch等動(dòng)詞常用分詞形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))2) parked in the fire lane(考點(diǎn)：分詞作定語(yǔ))3) killing thousands upon thousands of people(考點(diǎn)：分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))4) raising the average yield by 15 percent(考點(diǎn)：同上)5) trying to deduce its operating principle(考點(diǎn)：分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ))6) Seeing that eve

38、ryone was bending over his/her book(考點(diǎn)：分詞作原因狀語(yǔ))7) Deeply moved by the boys deeds(考點(diǎn)：同上)8) Seen from the eyes of a young friend(考點(diǎn)：分詞作方式狀語(yǔ))9) Not having heard from his parents for a long time(考點(diǎn)：1. 分詞作原因狀語(yǔ);2.分詞的否定形式;3.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式)八、動(dòng)名詞1) Taking a cold bath every day(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ))2) making their daughter do

39、 what she didnt like to do(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ))(下列動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)只能是動(dòng)名詞而不能是不定式：admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, cant help, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, res

40、ent, resist, risk, cant stand, stop, suggest)考試大全國(guó)最大教育類(lèi)網(wǎng)站(wwwE)3) getting our goods into the international market(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ))4) crying over spilled milk(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞經(jīng)常與以下詞組連用：be worth, have difficulty (in), it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, wh

41、ats the point of, whats the use of)5) having peeked at his neighbors test paper(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞的完成式)6) being promoted to manager(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式)九、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別1) working very hard.(考點(diǎn)：mean表示“意味著”)2) to drive there, but his car broke down(考點(diǎn)：mean表示“打算”)(類(lèi)似需要區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞還有forget, remember, regret, go on, stop等)3) talking to

42、his mother(考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行)4) talk to his mother for an hour(考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程)5) only to break his own leg(考點(diǎn)：意料之外的結(jié)果)6) breaking his legs(考點(diǎn)：意料之中的結(jié)果)7) to see his parents in good health(考點(diǎn)：不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)位于句末)8) Seeing his parents safe and sound(考點(diǎn)：分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)位于句首)9) Following its footprints(考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng))10) followed by tw

43、o body guards(考點(diǎn)：過(guò)去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng))十、名詞從句1) Why they left their hometown for Yunnan(考點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)從句)2) What confused me most(考點(diǎn)：同上)3) That this was done on purpose(考點(diǎn)：同上)4) who should be responsible for this matter(考點(diǎn)：較長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)從句可以后置，用it作形式主語(yǔ))5) whom Mary is engaged to(考點(diǎn)：同上)6) what can be done today(考點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句)7) what I h

44、ave been looking for(考點(diǎn)：表語(yǔ)從句)8) whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision(考點(diǎn)：whether/if引導(dǎo)后置的主語(yǔ)從句)9) Whether she likes the present(考點(diǎn)：whether引導(dǎo)前置的主語(yǔ)從句)10) whether I should ask for another loan(考點(diǎn)：whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)11) whether they will support us(考點(diǎn)：whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)www.xamda.CoM考試就到考試大12) whether I can count on your vote(考點(diǎn)：whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句)(9-12中的whether不可以替換為if)13) that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages(考點(diǎn)：同位語(yǔ)從句)14) that the chairman would agree to this proposal(考點(diǎn)：同上)十一、定語(yǔ)從句1) the house wh