2012年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)—非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 中考語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí),動(dòng)詞的基本用法是做放在主語(yǔ)之后做謂語(yǔ)。eg. I work in a factory. 當(dāng)句中有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，如在需要用動(dòng)詞就只能用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞重要包括：動(dòng)詞不定式（to do)、動(dòng)名詞、分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞）,Eg. 1) I decide to work in a factory.,2) I enjoy working in a factory.,3) He is the man working in a factory.,4) Please hand in your written exercises.,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞,一、動(dòng)詞不

2、定式,1、動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it做形式主語(yǔ),而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末.其結(jié)構(gòu)是 Its +adj.+of/ for sb + to do. Eg .To learn English well is useful,Its useful to learn well.,注意：此時(shí)用of還是用for 關(guān)鍵是看形容詞形容的是什么，如果是形容做此事怎么樣用for,反之如形容人的性格特征的用of,1）Its very kind _you to help me. 2）Its necessary _us to master a foreign language. Its nice _you

3、 to invite us. Its interesting _ us to play football.,of,for,of,for,2、不定式做賓語(yǔ) 1）一些動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)。如: want, decide, hope, agree, wish, need ,promise, would like, plan等。,eg. We hope_(see) the film. Would you like _(go) with us?,to see,to go,2)在find, think后用it做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句末。,Eg. I find _necessry _ (mas

4、ter) a foreign language.,to see,it,to master,3）常見(jiàn)的一些用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：Why not do-,had better(not) do, would rather do- than do, could/would you please do Eg. I woul rather _(stay) at home than _(go) out.,stay,go,3.不定式做賓補(bǔ),1)不定式做賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，與賓語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有tell, ask,want, allow, get, invite, encourage

5、等。否定形式在to do前加not,My mother often encourage me _(study) hard. We dont allow people _(smoke) here. The students are often told_(not give) up. He asked me _(not drive) here.,to study,to smoke,not to give,not to drive,2)使讓動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞用省略to 的不定式做賓補(bǔ),Eg.1.The boss made the workers _(work) for another 2 hours.

6、2. I saw lucy _(go) out just now.,work,go,4、不定式做定語(yǔ)，放在被修飾詞后，一般并與被修飾詞間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,Eg. Would you like something _(eat)? There is nothing _(worry) about. Have you got anything else _(say) He is often the first one_(get) here.,to eat,to worry,to say,to get,注意：此時(shí)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)必須將to 加上.如： Lucy was seen to go out just no

7、w.,5.不定式放在疑問(wèn)詞what, where, which how之后，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,Eg. I dont know what _(do) tomorrow.= I dont know _ tomorrow. He didnt know where_(go) for the holiday. He didnt know where_ for the holiday. I wonder how_(處理）it next. I wonder how _it next.,I should deal with,to go,What I should do,to deal with,he w

8、ould go,to go,二、動(dòng)名詞,1.動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) Eg. _(collect) stamps _(be) my favorite.,Collecting,is,2.動(dòng)名詞做動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有 keep, enjoy,preferto , mind, cant help, finish,feel like,practise , Would you mind _(smoke) here? Knives are used for _(cut) things.,smoking,cutting,1.做定語(yǔ)，單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞前，分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的

9、后面。,三、分詞。 分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)詞+ing)和過(guò)去分詞兩種，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)、完成。,1）This is a _(read) room. 2) His _(speak) English is very good. 3) Do you know the man _(stand) under the tree. 4) The woman swept the leaves _(fall ) on the ground.,fallen,standing,spoken,reading,2.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表伴隨,Eg. The students went out of the

10、 class, _ (talk) and _(laugh),talking,laughing,3.分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系（主動(dòng)），過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系（被動(dòng)）。,Eg. Dont keep us _(wait) for so long. She speaks loudly to make herself_(hear). I heard her _(sing) in the next room when I passed by. We have to make our hair _(cut),waiting,heard,singing,

11、cut,四、注意區(qū)分：,1、動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)與動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ),：無(wú)差別 begin , start,Lets begin _(have) an English class.,to have /having,：有一定差別 like , love, hate Doing表示愛(ài)好，to do 表示具體動(dòng)作。如： I like _(swim) a lot ,but this evening I love _(go) skating.,swimming,to go,C：差別很大,She tried a composition.,她試著寫(xiě)作文。,writing,她設(shè)法（盡力）打電話給你。,She tried

12、 you .,to call,I remember the door just now.,我記得我剛才開(kāi)了門(mén)。,opening,Please remember the door after work.,to close,請(qǐng)記住下班后關(guān)門(mén)。,I forgot him the news.,我忘記已經(jīng)告訴他這個(gè)消息了。,I forgot him the news .,to tell,我忘記了告訴他這個(gè)消息。,telling,Test,一、選擇,1. He has promised better latter. A. behaving B. behave C. to behave 2. He hate

13、d her. A. trouble B. to troubling C. to trouble 3. He stopped when the teacher came in. A. to talk B. talking C. talked 4. I have finished the room. A. clean B. to read it C. cleaning 5. I give you a book . A. to read B. to read it C. reading it 6. There is nothing for us . A. to worry B. to worry a

14、bout C. worrying about,C,C,B,C,A,B,二、改錯(cuò),1. One day a cat hold a mouse and wanted eating it. 2. I enjoy listening foreign music. 3. The workers were made work day and night. 4. Please let me to get out of this dirty place.,( to eat ),( to ),( to ),5. At last he agreed stay here. 6. After they got to

15、the top of the mountain , they stopped having a rest. 7. She would like staying at home on Sundays. 8. I told the boy dont to tie the dog under the tree.,( to ),( to have ),( to stay ),( not ),2.動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)做賓補(bǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ),感官動(dòng)詞既可以跟不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)也可以跟現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)，用不定式做賓補(bǔ)表示的動(dòng)作經(jīng)常做或做了，跟現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。,1） I saw her _(play)

16、 basketball when I met her. 2) I often saw her _(play) basketball last week. 3) I heard lucy_(go) downstairs and _(go) out.,playing,play,go,go,3.need,want require+to do 與doing,My bike needs _(repair),and I want _(repair) it.,repairing,to repair,To do 表示被動(dòng)，與主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，doing 表示主動(dòng)，與主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,4. ing與

17、-ed,如：interesting 與interested；exciting與excited等的區(qū)別。 如： Im very _(surprise) at the _(surprise) matter.,surprised,surprising,5、注意介詞to 在短語(yǔ)中的應(yīng)用 + doing make a contribution to(為做-做貢獻(xiàn)）， pay attention to（注意做-）， look forward to(盼望做-）， prefer-to-(喜歡-而不喜歡）， be used to(習(xí)慣于做-）,Wed better _ at once . A. start B.

18、 to start C. starting D. started 2. I saw him _ in the classroom . A. sleep B. slept C. to sleep D. sleeping 3. We have worked long hours . Lets stop _ a rest. A. to have B. having C. from having D. have 4. Id love _ a movie . A. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw 5. Dont forget _ the light before you g

19、o out . A. to turn on B. to turn off C. turn off D. turning on 6. I told you _ in class. A. to sleep B. not to sleep C. not sleeping 7. Sorry , I have kept you _ so long . A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting 8. The bad weather stopped us _ a picnic. A. to have B. having C. from having D. had,A A

20、 A A B B D C,9. Why not _ games with your classmate? A. to play B. playing C. play D. played 10.Tom doesnt know _ a bike? A. how to ride B. how ride C. how does he ride 11.I m thirsty .Can I have something _? A. eating B. to drink C. drinking D. to eat 12. We are not sure _? A. when to leave B. when

21、 leave C, when leaves 13. Hanmei stopped _ the cleaning and listened to music. A. to do B. doing C. and did D. did 14. _ is interesting _ football. A. It , play B. This , to play C. It , to play 15. I often watch him _tennis. A. to play B. play C. playing D. plays,C A D A B C B,16.Have you finished

22、_ the book ? No, Ill try _ it to you A. reading , to return B. reading , returning C. to read, returning D. to read , to return 17. The boss made the workers _ long hours A. to work B. work C. working D. worked 18. The doctor told us _ more water. A. to drink B. drinking C. drink D. drank 19.Why don

23、t you stop _? Begin _! A. talking, to work B. to work , talking C. to talk , to work D. working, talking 20. My brother enjoys _ to music. A. listen B. to listen C. listening D.listened 21. Thank you for _ me your pen. A.borrow B. borrowing C. to lend D. lending,A B A A C D,1,-Can you tell me _Engli

24、sh at home? -Listen to the English programme. A, how to read B, how to learn C, when to use D, where to use 2, Please tell Lin Feng _to turn off the lights when he _. A, to not forget , leave B, dont forget, will leave C, not forget , leaving D, not to forget , leaves 3, -Would you mind _with me ? -

25、Of course not . A, taking photos B, to take photos C, takes photos D, take photos,B D A,4, -Jenny , let me tell you a secret. I am tired of my mum these days . -Why? -She makes me _at Nanshan stadium every Sunday afternoon. A, dance B, danced C, to dance D, dancing 5, Its nice _me with my Chinese A, for you to help B, of you to help C, to you of helping 6, -Why dont you start the machine ? -This is new and I dont know _it A, where to start B, when to start C, how to start D, what to start,A B C C,7, When I went by Jeans house , I heard her _a song to the music in the