科技英語翻譯和寫作簡介.ppt

1、汽車工程專業(yè)英語,課程學(xué)習(xí)目的,鞏固詞匯和語法知識； 擴大本專業(yè)詞匯量； 提高閱讀和翻譯本專業(yè)英文資料的能力。,課程學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容,科技英文翻譯和寫作簡介 汽車工程專業(yè)英語閱讀,教材及參考書目,教材： 李俊玲,羅永革主編. 汽車工程專業(yè)英語. 機械工業(yè)出版社,2005 參考書目 1.劉偉,張良.汽車專業(yè)英語教程.清華大學(xué)出版社,2008 2.劉璇,于秀敏.實用汽車英語.北京理工大學(xué)出版社,2008 3.戴文進.科技英語翻譯理論與技巧.上海外語教育出版社,2003 4.王衛(wèi)平,潘麗蓉.英語科技文獻的語言特點與翻譯.上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2009,課程要求及考核,期末總成績=平時成績（20%）+期末考試成

2、績（80%） 平時成績=課堂表現(xiàn)（20%）+平時測試及作業(yè)（40%）+出勤考核（40%） 無故缺席一次扣1分，遲到或早退三次扣1分，曠課4次以上出勤分記為0分。,科技英文翻譯和寫作簡介,1）大量使用專業(yè)術(shù)語 2）物稱表達法 It can be concluded that the experiment was a failure. 3）大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)； a. the discovery of electromagnetic wave=to discover electromagnetic wave b. the generation of electricity by friction=t

3、o generate electricity by friction c. In the mean time, the development of the needed prediction methods requires the interactive use of experimental and analytical means.,1.語言結(jié)構(gòu)特點,4）廣泛使用被動句 a. Air springs were once used in place of the other types of springs, but are now obsolete. b. The directiona

4、l motion of vehicle is controlled by a steering system. c. Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the electric machine. d. When ignited, the exothermic reaction reaches the welding temperature within a few seconds. e. Cylinder sleeves are used in engine blocks to provide a hard wearing

5、 material for pistons and piston rings. f. When the vehicle has an independent rear suspension system, coil springs, MacPherson struts, a single transverse leaf spring, or even torsion bars can be used.,5）后置定語很常見 a. The connecting rod, in essence, is a bar or strut with a bearing at each end, whose

6、purpose is to transmit the piston thrust to the crankshaft. b. In radiation, thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy, similar in nature to light. 6）名詞連用 a. computer programming teaching device manual,7）多用一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在完成時,a. All substances, whether gaseous, liquid or solid , are made of atoms. b

7、. When steam is condensed again to water, the same amount of heat is given out as was taken in when steam was formed.,8）使用復(fù)合句與縮略詞 9）經(jīng)常使用長難句 a. An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. b. It is quite plausible that it is because of this at

8、titude that the United States continues to lag behind Japan in improving manufacturing productivity.,大量使用長句和邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞,原因：because of, due to, owing to, as, as a result of, caused by 轉(zhuǎn)折：however, but, yet, nevertheless, otherwise 順理連接：hence, consequently, accordingly, so, furthermore, in addition to 限制：onl

9、y, if only, expect, besides, unless 假設(shè)：suppose, assuming,10）用圖標(biāo)和公式等非語言因素表達思想 11）有時采用日常用語,A paradox of manufacturing parts is that the faster the parts are made, the less accurate they are-and vice versa.,（1）熟讀原文，了解大意； （2）辯明語法關(guān)系，搞清邏輯關(guān)系；,2.科技英漢翻譯步驟,a. The fuel system takes a correctly proportioned mix

10、ture of gasoline and air to burn and develops the power needed to push the piston down the cylinder. To store, mix, and deliver this air-fuel mixture is the duty of the fuel system. b. Front axle is used for steering front wheels carried on stub axle swiveling upon king pins at the axle extremities.

11、,（3）確定多義詞的詞義； a. Gasoline powers the majority of vehicles, but diesel fuel is used in some vehicles. b. Various speeds may be obtained by the use of large and small pulleys. c. Press the INV key and you can raise the constant e (2.7182818) to x powers. （4）選擇合適的翻譯技巧遣詞造句，重述原文內(nèi)容； a. Internet is of grea

12、t help to our work. b. Mankind has always reverenced what Tennyson call “the useful trouble of the rain”.,d. We have progressed a long way from the early days of aerial surveys. e. In spite of the growth of other kinds of transport, rail roads continue to be, as they used to be over years, the backd

13、bone of the transportation industry. f. The maps are symbolic of thousands of data points stored in control unit memory.,c. In fact, it may be said that anything that is not an animal or vegetable is mineral.,（5)通讀譯文、修改、定稿。,g. As soon as the piston reaches the top of the exhaust stroke, it starts do

14、wn on another intake, compression, power, and exhaust cycle. h. In the electronic injection system, the air-fuel mixture is controlled in one of two ways.,a. Best surface finish is provided by machining methods especially by grinding.,3.科技英語論文寫作,1）英語寫作一般知識簡介 2）寫作的基本理論和技巧,標(biāo)題（Title 或Topic） 作者的姓名（Autho

15、rs Name） 論文作者的工作單位（Institution） 論文摘要（Abstract 或Summary） 論文的內(nèi)容目錄（Contents） 論文內(nèi)容本身（Text） 引言（Introduction） 正文 結(jié)論或結(jié)束語（Conclusion(s)）及建議等 附錄（Appendix） 致謝（Acknowledgement(s)） 作者簡介（Biography）,4. 科技英語論文的組成部分,b.Somebody (1990) gave a theoretical overview of , but c.However, these studies were limited to 近期進展

16、情況分析： d.The method worked well at e.The models of has recently received considerable attention. f.In the last decade, several approaches of were independently proposed. g.The study of was in vogue for several years until ,對他人研究成果、觀點的評估： a.By the late 1980s, researchers has started scientific work on

17、 ,What are the chances of a nuclear war in the near future? How many Americans would survive a nuclear attack? Would such an attack make living conditions impossible for the survivors? These and similar questions are being asked by citizens groups throughout this country as they debate the issue of

18、arms control and nuclear disarmament.,These two new windmill designs will, of course, have an even more important impact on the energy industry in the future. Although these two designs may never be used on a large scale, their impact may be felt through influencing the design of even more efficient

19、 models in the years ahead.,Grateful acknowledgement is made to A special gratitude is expressed to Thanks must be given to Funding for this work was provided by the Ministry of Energy and Resources. The work was supported by National Science Foundation of China,Id like to acknowledge,Computer Imita

20、tion System for Investigation of the Feasibilities of Primary Study on Mathematical Model of Study on Torsional Vibration Analysis of ICE Crankshaft. Development of Automobile Electronics and Domestic Application. A Simulation Optimization Method for Automotive Cooling System Microprocessors in Tran

21、sport,Current Status and Developing Trends of ,使用名詞短語或非限定動詞短語作為論文的標(biāo)題,摘要的特點：,篇幅短小 語言精煉 用詞規(guī)范 概括完整 內(nèi)容具體 獨立成文,文摘包括：研究目的、研究對象、研究方法、研究結(jié)果、所得結(jié)論、結(jié)論的使用范圍等。 This paper presents/discusses/studies/deals with/investigates This paper presents an analysis of principles of magnetic refrigeration with application to

22、air conditioning. A comparison with conventional evaporation-condensation gas cycle device is presented. Conclusions concerning the applicability of magnetic refrigeration to air conditioning are made.,Development of the Drive-By-Wire Technology Rapid development of electronic technology and control

23、 theory provides an effective way for further improvement of vehicle dynamic characteristics and active safety, for example, the various widely used chassis control technology. Development of the vehicle drive-by-wire technology and relative technology are summarized, and structure, working principl

24、e, performance and features of steer-by-wire, brake-by-wire, by-wire acceleration pedal are emphatically introduced, and integration of by-wire drive and relative technology requirements are discussed.,The smart and light, numerical designing and machining, automation in performance test etc. repres

25、ents the development orientation for automobile starters. In this paper, principle is introduced for the starter with gear speed reducer which leads the majority in starter products nowadays. The state of the art in research and development for automobile starters by computer-aided engineering techn

26、ology is overviewed. New research topics are brought forth at last from our enterprises realities.,5英文摘要的寫作,1）英文摘要的種類與特點 隨同論文一起在學(xué)術(shù)刊物上發(fā)表的摘要； 學(xué)術(shù)會議論文摘要； 學(xué)位論文摘要； 脫離原文而獨立發(fā)表的摘要。,Title Author(s), address Objectives,purpose,hypotheses . Methods,materials,procedures . Results,data,observations,discussion . C

27、onclusions .,2）英文摘要的組成部分,a.This paper is performed to study the free-vibration characteristics of engine crankshaft. b.Most alternative fuels for internal combustion engines have low cetane numbers. (2)方法(methods and materials) Two digital strain gauge pressure transducers measured the vapor pressur

28、e of the upstream and downstream of the test tube. This experiment was performed by testing the vibration of automobile body/suspension,(1)目的(objectives，purposes),These results appear to refute the original assumptions. (4)結(jié)論(conclusions) It was concluded that/ It can be concluded that/ It is determ

29、ined that It can be concluded that the new diagnosis method is feasible through theory analysis and experiments on 12V180 type diesel engine.,(3)結(jié)果與簡短討論(results and discussions),Title Author(s), address Background, problems that need to be solved, rationale for the present study . . Objectives and s

30、cope of this study . . . Outline of the main contents and results . . Conclusions:.,（1）采用正規(guī)的英語和標(biāo)準的術(shù)語； （2）謂語動詞很簡單而其余成分卻十分復(fù)雜； （3）大量使用be和have的變化形式做謂語動詞； （4）使用不提及人的陳述句。 （5）描述自己的工作時態(tài)用過去時或完成時，但陳述理論或事實要用現(xiàn)在時。,3）英文摘要的寫作特點,4）撰寫摘要的要點（1）英文文摘題目（Title）的第一個單詞不得用The、An或A，摘要的第一句不可與題目重復(fù)；（2）取消或減少背景信息;（3）盡量簡化措辭;（4）可用動詞

31、的場合，盡量避免使用動詞的名詞形式；（5）注意冠詞用法; （6）避免使用長系列形容詞或名詞來修飾名詞;（7）用重要的事實開頭，盡量避免用輔助從句開頭。,Power consumption of telephone switching system was determined from data obtained experimentally.,5）摘要中的常用句型 （1）描述目的,b.This paper researched on the more injections effect on engine performance and emission experimentally and

32、 theoretically. c.This paper studied the application of wavelet transform in signal denoise.,a.This paper discusses the basic identification techniques of dynamic systems.,The objective of this paper is to analyze the performance of active and passive suspensions.,The goal of this study is to discus

33、s The aim of this paper is to evaluate The purpose of this project is to examine The objective of this research is to test this survey investigate /measure/ demonstrate / analyze /determine,a. This study aims to discuss the influence of the parameters of suspension system on the smoothness and opera

34、ting stability of the whole car.,This research is designed to determine This study is designed to measure This project is designed to evaluate Our project aims to calculate ,Multiple faults of injector were simulated on the experimental table, and acoustic signals that sent out by working diesel wer

35、e collected over the cylinder head. Using wavelet and neural network technology, this paper analyzed the acoustic signals in detail and diagnosed the different faults successfully. The experimental system was composed of four parts, i.e. indirectly electrical heated furnace, pyrolysis reactor,online

36、 sample collected analyzer, and gas condenser accordingly/hence/consequently the experiment was a failure.,The results show that the error of estimated value of both throttle position sensor and manifold pressure sensor are less than 10%, and the strategy put forward in this paper is valid.,Exercises 1.Read and analyze the following abstract and point out