《定語及定語從句》PPT課件.ppt

1、Grammar,定 語,定義: 定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用的表示。 充當(dāng)定語的有: 形容詞、代詞、名詞、分詞、介詞短語或副詞和從句。,形容詞作定語： The little boy needs a blue pen. (little修飾名詞boy；blue修飾名詞pen.) 小男孩需要一支蘭色的鋼筆。 Tom is a handsome boy. 湯姆是個英俊的男孩。 There is a good boy.,數(shù)詞作定語相當(dāng)于形容詞： Two boys need two pens. 兩個男孩需要兩支鋼筆。 The two boy

2、s are students. 這兩個男孩是學(xué)生。 There are two boys in the room. 房間里有兩個男孩。,代詞或名詞所有格作定語： His boy needs Toms pen. 他的男孩需要湯姆的鋼筆。 His name is Tom. 他的名字是湯姆。,介詞短語作定語： The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. 教室里的男孩需要你的一支鋼筆。 The boy in blue is Tom. 穿藍(lán)色衣服的孩子是湯姆。 There are two boys of 9, and three of 10. 有兩個9歲

3、的，三個10歲的男孩。,名詞作定語： The boy needs a ball pen. 男孩需要一支圓珠筆。 It is a ball pen. 這是一支圓珠筆。 There is only one ball pen in the pencil box. 這鉛筆盒里只有一支圓珠筆。,副詞作定語： The boy there needs a pen. 那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。 The best boy here is Tom. 這里最棒的男孩是湯姆。,不定式作定語： The boy to write this letter needs a pen. 寫這封信的男孩需要一支鋼筆。 The boy

4、 to write this letter is Tom. 將要寫這封信的男孩是湯姆。 There is nothing to do today. 今天無事要做。,分詞(短語)作定語： The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. 那個微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。 The pen bought by her is made in China. 她買的筆是中國產(chǎn)的。 There are five boys left. 有五個留下的男孩。,The Attributive Clause,定語從句,1. 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語

5、從句。 2. 定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞。 3. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞叫關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。 關(guān)系代詞: who, whom, whose, that, which, as 關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why,如果先行詞是指人, 用who, whom, whose, that引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果先行詞是指物, 用that, which, whose引導(dǎo)。,關(guān)系代詞:,who指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略） The man who I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief.,2.

6、 whom指人, 作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.,3. which 指物, 作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省),These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan.,Is this the library (which) you borrow boo

7、ks from? Is this the library from which you borrow books?,注意: 介詞提前時只能用which 而不能用that 。,4. that 指人/物,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略） A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man (that) I told you about.,Is this the library from which you borrow books? from that,that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, 但在下列情況下, 一般用that而不用which。

8、,(1) 先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代詞時。 I am sure she has something that you can borrow.,(2) 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時。 Ive read all the books that are not mine. (3) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。 This is the first book(that he has read. (4) 先行詞被the only,

9、the very, the same修飾時。 This is the very book that belongs to him.,在下列情況下只用which,不用that。 1. 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。 2. 直接作介詞的賓語。 3. 避免與that重復(fù)。 Here he worked on a short film, which won him a job as the youngest film director in the world.,Many people were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes

10、 in which people were eaten by the shark.,This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. This is the factory where I worked ten years ago. The school is near a park. My son studies in this school. The school where my son studies is near a park.,關(guān)系副詞where,We visited the house. Lusun once

11、 lived in the house. We visited the house where Lusun once lived.,Theyll never forget July 1. Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1. Theyll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland. The days are gone forever. We used foreign oil during those days. The days when we used

12、foreign oil are gone forever.,關(guān)系副詞when,There was a time. The businessman lost heart at that time. There was a time when the businessman lost heart.,When引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示時間的名詞, 并在定語從句中作時間狀語, 相當(dāng)于“介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞（which）”。,Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.,on which(=on the day),=,We still remembered

13、 the days when we travelled together.,The time _ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.,when,in which(=in the days),=,where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示地點的名詞, 并在定語從句中作地點狀語, 相當(dāng)于“介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞(which)”。,This is the house where I lived two years ago.,in which(=in the house),=,Harvard is a world-famou