情態(tài)動詞modelverb.ppt

情態(tài)動詞（model verbs）,主講：蒯忠山（江蘇省大港中學(xué)） 審稿：楊志平 王明霞（鎮(zhèn)江市教育局教研室）,基本概念,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞一樣，是英語中的一種特殊動詞，不可以在句中獨立充當句子成分，而是與不帶to的動詞不定式一起使用，表示說話人對所談及的動作和事物的態(tài)度及看法，認為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。,一、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法,can / could,1) 表示能力?！澳堋⒛軌?、會” He could play the piano at the age of 6. 他在六歲時就會彈鋼琴了。 A computer cant think for itself. 計算機不會獨立思考。,The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. A. shant B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt,2）表示客觀的可能性 Anybody can make mistakes. 任何人都會犯錯誤。 Driving on the snowy roads can be very dangerous. 在積雪的路上開車可能會有危險。,It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime. A. must B. can C. should D. would,can在否定和疑問句中表達可能性時，有驚訝、懷疑、不相信之意，這時can與could沒有時間上的差異，只是could比can語氣更委婉、客氣。,How can it be true? I cant believe my eyes. 這怎么可能是真的？我簡直不敢相信我的眼睛。 It couldnt be Dad. He wont be back this time of evening. 那不大可能是爸爸，他不會在晚上這個時候回來。,3）表示許可 You can go with them if you like. 如果你愿意，你可以跟他們一起去。 - Can I have a look at your new design? - Yes, of course you can. 我可以看一下你的新設(shè)計嗎？ 當然可以。,2. may / might,may / might可以表示“許可”“可能性”“祝愿” 1) 表示許可時，may和might沒有時間之分，只是might比may更加委婉，更沒有把握。,May / Might I trouble you to pass me the book? 能不能麻煩你把那本書遞給我？ - May I listen to music while doing homework? - No, you mustnt. 做作業(yè)時我能聽音樂嗎？ 不，不行。,2）表示可能性 may和might常用來表示將要發(fā)生或可能正在發(fā)生的可能性。might不是may的過去式，它所表示的可能性小一些。 We may go camping this Saturday. 本周六我們可能去宿營。 John is absent. He might be ill. 約翰沒來，他可能病了。,- Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? - Sorry, I am not sure, but it _be. A. might B will C. must D. can,3. must,1）表示“必須”“一定要”，指說話人的主觀語氣，強調(diào)說話人的主觀意志。 You must cut down on smoking. 你必須少抽點煙。 - Must I come back before ten? - Yes, you must. 我必須十點前回來嗎？ 是的，你必須回來。,2）表示推論，用在肯定句中表示有把握的推測，意為“一定、準是”。在疑問句或否定句中，用can和cant.,You must be kidding. I know you know nothing about it. 你一定在開玩笑，我知道你對此一無所知。 ( It cant be Mum. She is at work now.) 那肯定不是媽媽，她現(xiàn)在正在上班。,You _be tired-youve only been working for an hour. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not,3）在疑問句中must可用來征詢對方的愿望，表示“偏要、偏偏”。 Why must you find another job while you have got one? 你已有一份工作，為什么偏偏再找一份？,John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need,4. will / would,1）表示意愿或意志、決心。will指現(xiàn)在, would指過去。 I will finish my lesson even if I have to stay up all night. 即使我整夜不睡覺我也一定要把功課做完。 He said he would do anything for her. 他說他愿意為她做任何事。,2）用于第二人稱表示請求、建議等，would比will語氣委婉、客氣。 Will you come this way? 請這邊走好嗎？ Would you please open the window? 請你打開窗戶好嗎？,3）表示習(xí)慣性動作或特性。will表現(xiàn)在, would表過去，帶有主觀性。 This old man is strange. He will sit for hours without doing anything. 這位老人真奇怪，他常坐著幾個小時都不說話。,Whenever I was not at home, my child _ watch TV. A. will B. would C. were to D. were going to,5. need,1）表示“需要、必要”時作情態(tài)動詞，常用于否定句和疑問句。 - Need I tell him everything that has happened to his parents? - No, you neednt. / Yes, you must. 我有必要告訴他有關(guān)他父母發(fā)生的一切嗎？ 不，沒有必要。/ 是的。,2）need作實義動詞時，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面常跟帶to的動詞不定式，其否定式、疑問式都要通過助動詞構(gòu)成。 I need to go to Beijing this Sunday to attend a book fair. 這個星期天我要去北京參加一個書展。,Do I need to leave my telephone number and address? 我需要留下電話號碼和地址嗎？,6. dare,1）表示“敢、敢于”，作情態(tài)動詞用多用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中，其過去式為dared。 You will be punished if you dare break the rule. 如果你敢違反規(guī)定，你會受到懲罰的。,2）dare作實義動詞時，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，肯定式中其賓語要跟帶to的不定式，而在否定和疑問句中的不定式符號to可要可不要。 The student doesnt dare (to) raise any question in class. 在課堂上這個學(xué)生不敢提任何問題。,7. shall,1）shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽?Shall we put off the sports meet until next week? 我們能否將運動會推遲到下個星期？ Henry is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir? 先生，亨利正在門外等著，可以讓他進來嗎？,2）shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方的許諾、命令、警告、威脅等。 You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow. 明天我就會給你答復(fù)。 Tell Jack he shall get a gift if he is nice. 告訴杰克如果他表現(xiàn)好的話，他就會得到一份禮物。,3）shall用于第三人稱，在條約、規(guī)定、法令等文件中表示義務(wù)或表示“應(yīng)該、必須”。 Those belonging to our club shall wear uniforms. 我們俱樂部的成員都應(yīng)該穿制服。,- What does the sign over there read? - “No person _ smoke in this area.” Awill Bmay Cshall D. must,It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. must C. should D. shall,- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. - You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt,8. should,1）表示義務(wù)、職責等，往往表達說話者的觀點。 I think todays children should learn to respect their elders. 我認為現(xiàn)在的孩子應(yīng)當好好學(xué)習(xí)尊敬長輩。,I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can,2）表示說話人驚奇、憤怒、失望等特殊情感。 Its surprising that Mary should love such a person as Jack. 真是奇怪，瑪麗竟然愛上像杰克這樣的人。,Its terrible. The car _ break down just as we were going on our holiday. A. should B. would C. could D. must,3）表示很大的可能性，譯作“可能”“應(yīng)該”“照理說應(yīng)該”。 Its already 10. She promised to come by 10. She should be here at any moment. 已經(jīng)10點了，她答應(yīng)10點前來的。她隨時都可能到。,- Shall I go and buy more fruits for the party? - No, I have already bought 3 baskets. That _ be enough. A. can B. should C. may D. might,二、常用情態(tài)動詞的用法比較,can與be able to,can表示“能力”時，與be able to相當，許多場合可以互相替換。但當敘述過去經(jīng)過一番努力才能完成的事情，只能用was (were) able to.,He could (= was able to) swim when he was six years old. 他六歲時就會游泳了。（敘述一般的能力）,Even though I had my leg hurt, I _ finish the whole distance. A. could B. had to C. might D. was able to,be able to可用于多種時態(tài)。 Will you be able to camera the lecture tomorrow? 你明天能把講座錄下來嗎？ Im sorry I havent been able to answer your letter in time. 真對不起我沒能及時給你回信。,2. must與have to,must多表示說話人主觀意志，have to多強調(diào)客觀條件。 You must go to bed early every night. 你每晚必須早點睡覺。 I have to go now. My friend is waiting for me downstairs. 現(xiàn)在我得走了，朋友在樓下等我。,3. would與used to,would和used to都可以表示“過去常常”，但would表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)；used to表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)，強調(diào)現(xiàn)在已不存在。,He would come to see us on Sundays. 過去星期天他常常來看我們。（現(xiàn)在情況如何不明確） Our company used to do business with theirs. 我們公司過去和他們公司常有業(yè)務(wù)往來。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒有了）,三、“情態(tài)動詞+have done”的用法,must have done,表示對過去的一種肯定推測，意為“肯定” “一定”。僅用于肯定句。 When I called her, there was no answer. She must have been out. 當我叫她時，沒有回應(yīng)。她肯定出去了。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地面是潮濕的，昨晚一定下過雨。,- Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. - Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A. must B. should C. must have D. should have,He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant,2. may / might have done,表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情把握性不太大的肯定推測，相當于“大概”“可能”。 He may / might have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 他可能在這起車禍中受了重傷。,- Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. - You it in the wrong place. A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put,3. should (ought to) have done,在肯定句中表示過去沒有發(fā)生但卻應(yīng)該發(fā)生的事；在否定句中表示過去發(fā)生了本不應(yīng)該發(fā)生的事。,You should have come to the lab if you were really serious about your experiment. 如果你真的對你的實驗負責的話，你本該來實驗室的。 They shouldnt have given him so much money because he asked for. 他們本不應(yīng)該僅僅因為他要就給他這么多錢。,- Im sorry. I _ at you the other day. - Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted,4. can (could) have done,用來對過去可能發(fā)生的事情進行猜測，多用于疑問句和否定句中。could have done 還可表示本來可以做但卻沒有做。,He cant have go