編英語教程5unit3教學(xué).ppt

Unit Three TEXT I My Friend, Albert Einstein,I. Pre-reading Questions This is an open question.,III. Library Work,1. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 1791), Austrian composer, one of the worlds great musical geniuses, wrote masterpieces in every branch of music. During his short life, Mozart composed a great volume of music. His 789 compositions include operas, symphonies, concertos, quartets for the piano and for stringed instruments, and sonatas for both piano and violin. His music has delicate beauty and is always fresh and pleasing to the ear.,III. Library Work,2. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 1827), German composer, was one of musics greatest geniuses. His works have a rare originality, emotional depth, and expressive power. He was known for his nine symphonies, piano concertos and sonatas, and string quartets. Most of Beethovens compositions were written in the classical forms established by his predecessors Mozart and Haydn, so he is sometimes considered the last great composer in the classical tradition. But he also remolded and,III. Library Work,expanded the old forms and infused them with a highly personal intensity of emotion, so he is also referred to as the first of the Romantics.,III. Library Work,3. the Nobel Prize: Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833 1896), a distinguished Swedish chemist and industrialist, provided for the award of the Nobel Prizes. He experimented with different kinds of explosives such a nitroglycerin（硝化甘油）and dynamite（達(dá)納炸藥，氨爆炸藥）, both deadly explosives. However, he was a pacifist and he feared that his inventions might further warfare. In his will he left about $9,000,000 in a fund to reward those who did,III. Library Work,most for their fellow men in science, literature, and peace. In his will, he specified that the interest accrued by the fund “be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind” in the field of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace, regardless of nationality.,III. Library Work,4. the Nazis: Nazism is a political doctrine of racial supremacy, nationalism, and dictatorship. Nazi is an abbreviated form of the German words for National Socialism. It was Adolf Hitler, a member of National Socialist German Workers Party, who developed the program for Nazism in his book Mein Kampf (1925 1927 My Battle). He defined the Germanic people as a race, called Aryans, superior to other races. He blamed Germanys,III. Library Work,troubles on Jewish capitalism, Communism, and the heavy reparation payments（戰(zhàn)爭賠款）Germany was required to make to the victorious Allies by the Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919) that ended the First World War.,IV. Organization of the Text,1. Paragraph 1 Einsteins simplicity 2. Paragraphs 2 4 his modesty 3. Paragraph 5 7 the growth of a genius 4. Paragraphs 8 11 concentration on work,IV. Organization of the Text,5. Paragraphs 12 13 love of natural simplicity 6. Paragraphs 14 15 academic courage 7. Paragraphs 16 - 17 a man untouched by the turmoil of everyday life but upset by political events 8. Paragraph 18 sense of justice,IV. Organization of the Text,9. Paragraph 19 youthful innocence 10. Paragraph 20 a man on a ceaseless search for cosmic simplicity,V. Key Points of the Text,Paragraph 1 convey: make known (ideas, views, feelings, etc.) to another person. E.g.: Mary asked me to convey her gratitude to you. His recent book conveys to us his outlook on life. Convey also means “carry something (from one place to another)”. E.g.: Pipes convey heat from the central heating system to every part of the building.,Paragraph 1,A conveyor belt（傳送帶）is a mechanical contrivance for carrying heavy articles of goods from one place to another. simplicity: the state of being simple 簡單；簡樸；純樸；真誠；坦率 E.g.: a room furnished with simplicity 擺設(shè)簡樸的房間 Her clothes were characterized by their simplicity and good taste. 她的衣著特點(diǎn)是樸素大方。,Paragraph 1,He dressed with elegant simplicity. 他的穿著樸素高雅。 He believes everything with childlike simplicity. 他像孩子一樣單純，對一切信以為真。 speak with simplicity 說話坦誠 catch: attack; entrap E.g.: The wind caught the sails. 風(fēng)吹襲帆篷。 We got caught in a downpour. 我們被大雨淋著了。,Paragraph 1,Sorrow caught the bereaved mother. 喪子的母親悲不自勝。 would be none the worse for its wetting: would not be harmed by its being wet none the worse for: not harmed by; not adversely affected by 并不更差；依然如故 E.g.: Hes none the worse for his fall from the window. 他從窗口掉下，結(jié)果并沒有怎么樣。 I like a man none the worse for being outspoken. 我并不因一個(gè)人直言不諱而討厭他。,Paragraph 1,think none the worse of somebody 依然看重某人 He got lost in the street for quite a while, but was none the worse for it. knack: a special skill or ability, usually the result of practice E.g.: She has a knack of doing sums in her head, however complicated they may be. a knack for versification 做詩的技巧 a knack of the trade 做買賣的訣竅,Paragraph 1,Verne had a happy knack of combining adventure with science. 凡爾納有一種把冒險(xiǎn)和科學(xué)結(jié)合起來的巧妙本領(lǐng)。 In Hoffmanns opinion “simplicity” is the best word to describe the essence of Einsteins character. The abstract notion of simplicity is explained by a phrase in the first paragraph. Which is it? SA: Knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter.,Paragraph 1,This knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was the secret of his major scientific discoveries - this and his extraordinary feeling for beauty: This unusual ability of his to perceive beauty, this natural ability of grasping the nature of a matter was the key to his many important scientific discoveries.,Paragraph 2,carte blanche: (French) (plural: cartes blanches) full freedom, especially in politics and in spending money 簽好字的空白紙；全權(quán)，自由處理權(quán) E.g.: He was given carte blanche to build, landscape, and furnish the house. 那幢房子的建造，庭院布置和裝飾完全委托給他了。 He refused carte blanche for the bombers. 他拒絕授予轟炸機(jī)自由選擇轟炸目標(biāo)的權(quán)力。 The king gave his minister carte blanche in,Paragraph 2,foreign affairs. plead with: ask (someone) very strongly in a begging way 懇求；請求 E.g.: The girl pleaded with her parents to let her go to school by herself. plead (with somebody) for forgiveness (ones life) 請求（某人）原諒（饒命） She pleaded with me to give up the plan. 她求我放棄這個(gè)計(jì)劃。,Paragraph 3,be in awe of: also stand in awe of, have respect as well as fear and reverence for 敬畏（某人） awe n.: the feeling of respect and amazement when one is faced with something wonderful, frightening, or completely unknown E.g.: He visited the exhibition and stood in awe of the fossils of prehistoric animals. The audience listened to the learned philosopher in awe.,Paragraph 3,awe v.: cause a feeling of amazement or fear E.g.: The magicians performance awed us all. awed adj.: overwhelmed by respect and fear 敬畏的 in tones of awed amazement: with voice qualities that showed amazement as well as respect and fear 用敬畏驚訝的語氣 approach: to speak to, especially about something for the first time 找商量，同接洽，同聯(lián)系 E.g.: Did he approach you about lending him some money? 他同你談過想借些錢的事嗎？,Paragraph 3,He is rather difficult to approach. 他這人很難接近。（指不好說話等） inflection: a movement up or down of the voice; intonation E.g.: A sentence that asks a question usually ends on a rising inflection. awry: not in the correct position or shape; twisted; bent 曲的；歪的；斜的 not as planned or intended; in a wrong manner 離開了預(yù)期（或正確）方向（的）；錯(cuò)（的）,Paragraph 3,E.g.: glance awry 斜視 go (run, tread) awry （人）背離正道，走向邪路 set somebody at ease: also put somebody at (his) ease, to free someone from worry or nervousness 使不拘束，使自在 E.g.: The examiner soon put (set) the candidates at ease. 主考官很快就使考生們的情緒放松了。,Paragraph 4,the staggering - and altogether endearing request: the surprising and shocking, almost unbelievable, and yet very pleasant and affectionate request stagger v.: cause shocked disbelief 使吃驚 E.g.: His excessive conceit and self-confidence staggered all his colleagues. a risk-taking boldness that staggers others 使別人吃驚的大膽冒險(xiǎn)行為 Its a fantastic task that staggers the imagination. 那是件令人難以想象的艱巨偉大的工作。,Paragraph 4,endearing adj.: causing feelings of love and affection 使人喜愛的；引人愛慕的 E.g.: Marks teacher answered his questions with an endearing smile. endearing qualities 使人喜愛的品質(zhì) endearing tones 充滿柔情的聲調(diào) vestige: a trace of something that is disappearing or no longer exists E.g.: With the overthrow of the monarchy, all vestiges of feudalism are gone.,Paragraph 4,From the two anecdotes related in Paragraphs 2 4, what impression of Einstein have you got? SA: We can see Einstein was a very modest man though he was such a distinguished scientist.,Paragraph 5,run abreast of: also run abreast with, to run side by side with keep / be abreast of: to know all the time the most recent facts about something non-material 使不落后于 E.g.: Read the papers if you want to keep abreast of the times. 如果想跟得上時(shí)代就得讀報(bào)紙。 Even this arrangement did not keep wages abreast of the rising living cost. 即使這樣的安排也不能使工資水平跟上日益上漲的生活費(fèi)用。,Paragraph 6,his genius burst into fabulous flower: his great talent results in extraordinary success; his great talent yielded an incredible result fabulous: from “fable”, nearly unbelievable 驚人的，令人難以置信的 E.g.: a fabulous fortune 一筆巨額財(cái)富 a fabulous thunderstorm 大雷雨,Paragraph 7,offshoot: a new stem or branch of a plant; (figuratively) a thing that is developed from something else 萌蘗枝條；枝族，旁系；衍生事物 E.g.: South African offshoots of British companies 英國公司在南非的分支機(jī)構(gòu),Paragraph 9,The intensity and depth of his concentration were fantastic. When battling a recalcitrant problem, he worried it as an animal worries its prey. He could concentrate on his work with such single-mindedness and for such long hours that it was surprising. When tackling a problem which was difficult to solve, he attacked it as an animal chases and frightens another animal it preys upon.,Paragraph 9,recalcitrant: often used to describe a person or an 拒不服從的；倔強(qiáng)對抗的；難處理的，難對付的；（疾病等）難治的 E.g.: a recalcitrant boy 犟男孩 recalcitrant behavior 桀驁不馴的行為 a subject recalcitrant both to observation and to experiment 既難研察又難驗(yàn)證的課題 Try not to punish a recalcitrant child severely, it is better to reason with him.,Paragraph 9,worry: When an animal worries its prey, it shakes it, pulls at it, frightens it, or even eats it. In other words, the animal will not stop attacking its prey. Similarly, Einstein would not let go a problem unsolved, he would keep at it. up against: (American colloquial) facing (a difficulty) quaint: attractively unusual or old-fashioned 老式而別致的，奇特而有趣的；古怪的，奇特的 E.g.: a quaint little house 一座古雅小巧的房子,Paragraph 9,a quaint pronunciation of English words 對于英語單詞古怪而有趣的發(fā)音 Smoke drifted lazily from a multitude of quaint chimneys. 炊煙從許多古色古香的煙囪裊裊騰起。 a quaint old lady 古怪的老太太 a quaint sense of duty 不合情理的責(zé)任感 Many quaint little cottages make the place a new tourist attraction.,Paragraph 9,twirl: to cause to curl 捻弄；卷曲；扭轉(zhuǎn) E.g.: twirl ones moustache 拈胡子 She twirled her hair round her fingers. 她把頭發(fā)纏繞在手指上。,Paragraph 10,A dreamy, faraway and yet inward look would come over his face. There was no appearance of concentration, no furrowing of the brow only a placid inner communion. Even when he was thinking hard on a difficult problem, Einstein would still appear to be calm and relaxed with no facial signs showing he was thinking hard - only calm and untroubled streams of thought going on in his mind.,Paragraph 10,furrow: make deep lines or folds in the skin of the face, especially the forehead E.g.: She looked at the examination paper with a furrowed brow (= a forehead with lines in it). placid: calm; peaceful 寧靜的；平靜的；平和的；溫和的 E.g.: a placid temper 平和的性情 a placid world 平靜的世界,Paragraph 10,fathom: come to understand; get the true meaning of E.g.: He explained the astronomical phenomenon in such a complicated way that we could hardly fathom his meaning. fathom somebodys motives (mystery) 弄清某人的動(dòng)機(jī)(秘密) a man hard to fathom 難以捉摸的人 I cant fathom what you mean. 我不能完全猜透你的意思。,Paragraph 11,shake: to trouble the mind or feelings of; upset 使心煩意亂;使震驚 E.g.: She was badly shaken (up) by the accident. 那場事故使她煩心極了。 He was shaken but unhurt in the accident. 在事故中他受了驚嚇，但沒有受傷。 haggard: having lines on the face and hollow places around the eyes and in the cheeks, as through tiredness or lack of sleep 憔悴的，形容枯槁的,Paragraph 11,I steered the discussion away from routine matters: I directed the course of our discussion away from ordinary subjects Steer generally means “make a boat or a car go in a particular direction.” Figuratively, steer often means “direct.” E.g.: steer visitors to the park steer a conversation away from unpleasant subjects,Paragraph 11,surcease: (archaic) cessation; pause E.g.: offer somebody peace and surcease 讓某人安寧歇息 find surcease from care 找機(jī)會(huì)散散心 grope: try to find something by feeling with the hands in a place where one cannot see properly 觸摸，暗中摸（for）；摸索，探索（for, after） E.g.: He groped in his pocket for the note from his roommate.,Paragraph 11,There was a short circuit and the lights were all out. She had to grope her way to the bedroom. grope for the right words 搜尋恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅?grope with tax reform 探索稅收改革,Paragraph 11,What, according to the author, is Einsteins most outstanding trait as a scientist? SA: Einsteins most outstanding trait as a scientist is his concentration on his work. Why did Einstein insist on working hard when he was so badly shaken by his wifes death? SA: Because hard work can divert his attention away from his wifes death.,Paragraph 12,accomplished: skilled, clever; good at something, though not professional 熟練的；有造詣的；有才藝的 E.g.: an accomplished artist 精湛的藝術(shù)家 an accomplished scholar 有造詣的學(xué)者 at the piano: playing the piano as (an) accompaniment E.g.: At the piano will be 由擔(dān)任鋼琴伴奏。,Paragraph 13,agitate: shake (a liquid) or move (the surface of a liquid) about 攪動(dòng)（液體等）；（尤指劇烈地）搖動(dòng) wiggle: (informal) to (cause to) move in small side to side, up and down, or turning movements 扭動(dòng)；擺動(dòng) E.g.: to wiggle ones toes They wiggle and waggle when they walk. 他們走起路來總是以扭一擺的。,Paragraph 13,They wiggled their hips to the sound of pop music. 他們隨著流行音樂的樂聲扭擺著屁股。 What revelation is made through Einsteins comment on Beethoven and Mozarts works? SA: His comment on Beethoven and Mozarts works reveals his love of natural simplicity and that a scientists duty is to “find” and reveal this inner beauty of the universe.,Paragraph 14,plausible: seeming to be reasonable or probable. The word is often used derogatorily. （論點(diǎn)等) 貌似有理的; (說法等)貌似真實(shí)的 E.g.: a plausible excuse 貌似有理的借口 a plausible commentator (liar) 花言巧語評(píng)論員 (說謊大王) Your reasoning sounds plausible, but I rather doubt it.,Paragraph 14,Each of these assumptions, by itself, was so plausible as to seem primitively obvious. But together they were in such violent conflict that a lesser man would have dropped one or the other and fled in panic. Each of these assumptions, when judging by itself, was so seemingly reasonable and self-evident. But when they are put together they were so contradictory to each other that a less able man would have discarded one or the other and been frightened away.,Paragraph 15,a house of cards: an arrangement of playing cards built up carefully but easily knocked over; a plan which is too badly arranged to succeed; an insecure scheme 用紙牌搭成的房子；不可靠的計(jì)劃（或制度等） tamper with: meddle with, interfere with; try to change something without permission 撥弄; 胡亂擺弄; 篡改; 用不正當(dāng)手段干預(yù) E.g.: Dont tamper with the students records. Put them back into the filing cabinet.,Paragraph 15,a will that has been tampered with 經(jīng)篡改的遺囑 tamper with a witness (用收買等手段) 左右證人 words failed him: he could not find words to express his feelings fail v.t.: leave someone helpless at a difficult time E.g.: He was eager to climb to the top of the high mountain, but his health failed him.,Paragraph 15,tribute: something done, given, or said to show respect or admiration for someone; respect (表示敬意的) 禮物; 頌辭, 稱贊 E.g.: He placed a wreath on the Monument to the Peoples Heroes and bowed his head in tribute. 他在人民英雄紀(jì)念碑前獻(xiàn)了花圈并低頭致哀。 pay (a) tribute to somebodys great achievements 贊揚(yáng)某人的偉大成就。 a birthday tribute 生日祝辭 an obituary tribute 悼辭,Paragraph 16,Einsteins work, performed quietly with pencil and paper, seemed remote from the turmoil of everyday life. But his ideas were so revolutionary they caused violent controversy and irrational anger. Einsteins work, done quietly with pencil and paper, seemed far away from the chaos and troubles of our daily life. But his ideas were so new and different that they caused strong disagreement and unreasonable anger among people.,Paragraph 16,turmoil: state of confusion, chaos, disorder E.g.: She liked to live in a remote village cut off from the turmoil of the bustling city.,Paragraph 18,alert: make someone fully aware of (a situation); warn someone of danger or trouble E.g.: It is necessary to intensify the campaign to alert people to the dangers of smoking. wrought: the past tense and past participle of “work”,Paragraph 18,beyond (above) (all) measure: great without limit 無可估量，極度，過分 c.f.: within measure 適度，不過分 E.g.: When he died in 1973 he left a treasure almost beyond measure. 他在1973年逝世的時(shí)候留下了一筆幾乎無可估量的財(cái)富。 Mr. Smith is greedy beyond measure. 史密斯先生貪得無厭。 He loves her beyond measure. 他非常愛她。,Paragraph 18,ineffable sadness: sadness that is too intense to be described Ineffable, meaning “indescribable,” “unutterable,” “incapable of being expressed in words,” is usually used to describe something positive that is too wonderful to be described 言語難以表達(dá)的，不可言喻 E.g.: ineffable joy / happiness / beauty / delight 難以形容的喜悅 / 美貌,Paragraph 18,ineffable disgust 說不出的厭惡 How did Einstein feel about the destructive effect produced as a result of the application of his E=mc formula? SA: He felt ineffably sad and remorseful.,Paragraph 19,elusively whimsical: indescribably quaint or strange 捉摸不透的古怪 With his favorite anecdote related in Paragraph 19, Hoffmann aims to illustrate Einsteins “whimsicality”. Do you think he is really a whimsical man? What personality trait other than being whimsical is revealed here? SA: No. Here the author reveals Einsteins youthful innocence.,Paragraph