外文翻譯--電火花沉淀模的自適應(yīng)控制系統(tǒng)

無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 外文翻譯 Although once considered a “nontraditional” machining process, EDM has been replacing drilling, milling, grinding and other traditional machining operations in many industries throughout the world. Since its early days as a “tap busting” method over 50 years ago, EDM has developed into one of the most advanced machining technologies. Todays EDM equipment uses advanced Computer Numerical Control (CNC) with up to six-axes simultaneous operation and state of-the-art power supply technology, which can produce a mirror surface finish and “split-tenth” accuracy. The tremendous advancements in EDM technology have been achieved through the collective efforts of many dedicated engineers employed by the major EDM builders and by researchers from some of the worlds leading institutions and research centers. This report provides an overview of the research studies and developments of these institutions and the activities of professional societies and other organizations throughout the world that are contributing to the continued advancements of Electrical Discharge Machining. Mechanisms of Technology Transfer Mechanisms of Technology Transfer According to the Federal Laboratories Consortium, there are several channels for bringing about the transfer of technology from government or private research centers to industry. The following list is a sample of the various mechanisms used 1. Cooperative research projects between industry and laboratories 2. Workshops, seminars, and briefings 3. Exclusive/non-exclusive licensing 4. Sponsored research where industry reimburses a lab for work done at the facility. 5. Consulting by lab personnel. 6. Employee exchange where researchers from the lab and industry trade assignments in areas of mutual interests. 無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 7. Use of lab facilities where certain capabilities are not available at a particular company. 8. Laboratory visits to share information and discuss technical problems. 9. Publications and other printed literature. 10. Membership in industrial affiliate organizations that are associated with research labs. As defined in items 9 and 10, one of the objectives of EDM Technology Transfer (EDMTT) has been to provide a mechanism or source of gathering information from research centers with projects relating to EDM, and making this information available to anyone interested in the EDM process. One reference source published by EDMTT is the “EDM Technology” volume series, which contain EDM technical reports by universities, EDM manufacturers, or other technical research centers around the world. International and National EDM Conferences and Discussion Forums In an effort to establish a forum for the discussion of EDM research and developments, and help provide a course of instruction in basic and advanced EDM technology, several technical societies and other groups have established international or national conferences on EDM. Japan Japan Society of Electrical Machining Engineers(JSEME) Throughout its forty year history, the JSEME has been the predominant organization and driving force behind the research and development of EDM and the dissemination of this information in Japan. All of the major Japanese EDM builders and university EDM researchers present technical reports on the latest EDM research and developments at their annual conferences. At the JSEME “All Japan Conference” held in October 1994, thirty-five new EDM reports were presented, including the latest research by Mitsubishi, Sodick, Makino, Hitachi, and the leading research centers established at Japanese universities. The “Journal of the Japan Society of Electrical Machining Engineers” (Japanese language only) is their official publication which provides the latest technical information on the Japanese EDM industry. From a recent announcement by Professor Yasuo Kimoto, current President of JSEME, the Society will coordinate a new “International Journal of Electrical Machinin無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 g” (IJEM). The aims of the IJEM are: 1) to propagate the latest scientific and technological news in the field of electrical machining methods, 2) to exchange experiences in putting electrical machining into practice, and 3) inform about the current state-ofthe-art and suggest directions of further development. IJEM editorial board members include representatives from Mitsubishi, Sodick, the leading Japanese research centers, and will also include members from outside Japan. U.S.A. Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) SME sponsors an annual EDM clinic and a fundamentals course. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Starting in 1985, the Production Engineering Division of ASME began a session on nontraditional machining during their Winter Annual Meeting with EDM as the major topic of discussion. Modern Machine Shop/Gardner Management Beginning in 1989, Modern Machine Shop Magazine and Gardner Management Services has sponsored the largest EDM conference and exhibition in the United States. EDMTT has attended all of these conferences. National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) Organized under the U.S. Department of Commerce Technology Administration, NIST has held conferences on the “Machining of Advanced Materials” and presents technical information on using EDM. International Beginning in the sixties, the “International Institution for Production Engineering Research” has coordinated an international delegation of the worlds major EDM manufacturers and researchers for the “International Symposium for Electro-Machining” (ISEM). The International Institution for Production Engineering Research is also known officially as CIRP, which stands for “College International pour IEtude Scientifique des Techniques de Production Mechanique”. ISEM has been a forum of exchange for technical informationon EDM, Laser, ECM and other high-technology machining processes. ISEMXI will be eld in Switzerland and cover topics on EDM Process and Physics, EDM Machinery, EDM Technology, EDM Control and EDM Applications. 無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 EDM Research and Development Centers Although EDM represents only a small portion of the total machine tool industry worldwide, the number of laboratories throughout the world performing EDM research and development studies has been growing steadily for several years. The more in-depth and well organized EDM research programs at various technical centers are funded by the major EDM builders or through government research grants. Several EDM manufacturers have also donated machines and supplies to universities with limited funds, which has helped to provide a program for future engineers to obtain a hands-on understanding of the capabilities of the EDM process. The following institutions have established research and development programs on EDM. They represent only a partial list of the laboratories and research projects throughout the world that contribute to the advancements in EDM technology. In addition to the work at advanced research laboratories setup by the major EDM manufacturers, the work performed at these institutions should have a direct impact on future developments in the EDM industry. U.S.A. Nontraditional Manufacturing Research Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Under the direction of Professor K. P. Rajurkar, this institution has established one of the worlds leading centers for academic studies and experimental research in EDM and other high technology machining processes. Courses taught in advanced manufacturing processes cover a broad range of topics and provide the student with an in depth study of EDM technology. Besides EDM, about 30 other advanced manufacturing processes are covered. The following graduate level course description provides a summary of these studies: Course Title: Advanced Manufacturing Processes (IE 970) Description: Advanced manufacturing processes provide an alternative (or sometimes the only alternative) for manufacturing complex shapes in a wide variety of materials. This course deals with topics ranging from the principles of operation, to the integration of these advanced processes into future flexible manufacturing systems. About thirty-one nontraditional manufacturing processes including Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM), 無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 Electro-Chemical Machining (ECM), Laser Beam Machining (LBM), Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM), Electrochemical Arc Machining (ECAM), Electron Beam Welding, etc. are covered in this course. In the context of these advanced manufacturing processes, the following topics are covered. 1. Process Mechanism, Modeling and Simulation 2. Surface Integrity 3. Tool Design, CAD 4. Design of Related Machine Tools 5. Adaptive Control 6. Expert Systems, Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic Applications 7. Integration within CIM Environment 8. Applications 9. Environmental and Safety Issues In addition to the class lectures, experimental projects on Die-Sinking EDM and Wire EDM are also required. The following list of projects provide an overview of past and future EDM research work conducted at the University of Nebraskas Nontraditional Manufacturing Research Center. Projects Conducted Over Past Two Years Effect of cryogenic treatment of electrode on EDM performance This project attempts to study the effect of cryogenic treatment of work and tool electrodes on EDM process performance. Cryogenic treatment of the work piece material and electrodes (for EDM and WEDM) was done by RPM Carbide, Inc. of Ohio. During cryogenic treatment, the material is cooled at 77 K for 24 hours and brought back to ambient temperature. Experiments on WEDM have been carried out using treated wire and untreated wire. It was experimentally found that the risk of wire rupture was reduced by 30% when using cryogenically treated wire. Experimental work on Die-sinking EDM and WEDM is continuing. Wire EDMing of Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) An experimental study has been carried out to determine the effects of parameter settings in a state of the art WED machine on the machining performance. The WED無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 M performance in cutting different layers of materials, such as PCD and WC, in the workpiece have been experimentally and theoretically determined. The mathematical model(s) of thermal stress for a theoretical explanation of the removal mechanism of diamond grain based on the numerical solution of Stefan problem is continuing. WEDM of Beryllium Copper Alloys The main objective of this project is to develop a database of optimal machine parameter settings for machining of Beryllium copper alloys of different heights during WEDM. This project is conducted with a Charmilles Robofil 100 WED machine. The relationships between the machine settings and machining characteristics such as machining speed, surface roughness, and overcut are determined experimentally. The machine setting parameters are charge frequency, charge current, pulse duration, capacitance, wire speed, wire tension and wire material. The optimization of parameter settings consists of two objectives, i.e. to maximize the machining speed and to maximize surface finish. A database of input parameters for both criteria is being developed. Study of discharge distributions in die-sinking EDM using divided electrode spark detection method The principal objective of this project is to study the influence of machining parameters (peak current and pulse on-time) and flushing methods on spark characteristics such as sparking efficiency and geometrical distribution of sparks in the machining gap. Peak current and pulse on-time change the machining conditions in the gap leading to changes in the sparking efficiency and spark distribution. A new method of spark detection system is employed to obtain the spark data. The solid tool is divided into number of smaller sections to identify each spark in different areas in the gap at different instants. This spark detection methodology can also be effectively used to find the efficiency of machining when subjected to different machining conditions. Adaptive control systems for die-sinking EDM The arc damage in the die-sinking EDM process reduces the machining productivity, decreases the machined surface quality, and increases the machining cost. The main objective of this project is to develop adaptive control systems for EDM to improve the process stability, avoid arc damage, and increase the machining rate. In this project, a digital EDM gap monitor was developed to precisely detect the time ratios of gap無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 states including gap open, normal spark, transient arc, stable arc and short circuit. The unique feature of this system is the high frequency (HF) detecting technology that detects not only the occurrence of arc damage, but also the transient arc regarded as the forecasting signal of arc damage. The HF detection is the most reliable method in all EDM arc damage detecting technologies. A model reference adaptive control system and a self-tuning regulating system for EDM have been developed. These adaptive control systems detect gap state parameters through the EDM gap monitor and control the servo feed in real-time. The productivity with these control systems has been shown to be improved by 50% when machining under poor flush conditions. An EDM auto jumping controller using the PI self-tuning approach has also been developed on a state-of-the-art Mitsubishi K35 ED machine. This system adaptively adjusts the cycle time of the periodical retraction of the main spindle according to the detected EDM gap parameters. The arcing damage can be completely avoided, and the productivity is improved by 50% as compared to the manually set jumping cycle time. Advanced Wire-EDM control system In the WEDM process, wire rupture reduces the machining rate. This problem is caused by high power density along the wire, which is regarded as the ratio of sparking frequency to spark distribution length determined by the workpiece height. With most of the state-of-the-art WEDM equipment, the sparking frequency can not be on-line monitored and controlled, and an optimal pulse off-time to determine the sparking frequency for a given workpiece height is selected in accordance with manufacturer supplied database. The main objective of this project is to develop an advanced WEDM monitoring and control system that monitors on-line the change of workpiece height and control the spark frequency at optimal levels. A recently developed control system consists of a digital spark frequency monitor and a PC used as the main controller with an interface for power generator and servo system control. The PC monitors on-line the gap voltage, spark frequency, and the table feed rate to identify the workpiece height. This system regulates the table feed at optimal rates and adjusts the pulse off-time in real-time to control the spark frequency at optimal levels determined by the identified workpiece height. The spark frequency is always adjusted at a safe and highly productive level, and is able to follow the change in workpiece height to avoid wire rupture a無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 nd to maintain an optimal cutting speed. The error of the workpiece height identification is 1 mm and the response of the identification to changes in workpiece height is 1 second. With this control system, procedures of NC programming and machine operations are simplified, and the machine operator does not need to input the workpiece height data into the machine and insert the power generator setting commands into the CNC program when cutting a multiple height workpiece. Future Projects at the University of Nebraska Abrasive assisted Electrical Discharge Grinding for machining advanced materials The machining rate with mechanical grinding of advanced materials, including electrically conductive ceramics, sintered carbides, and polycrystalline diamonds (PCD), is very low due to their high hardness and toughness. The EDM process provides an effective alternative to machine advanced materials. However, the surface quality generated by EDM is poor due to the recast layer and micro-cracks on the machined surface. The objective of this project is to develop an Electrical Discharge Grinding (EDG) process with an assistance of mechanical abrasive effects for improving the flushing condition and removing the damaged layer when machining advanced materials. During machining, the grinding electrode rotates in high speed, the spark discharges take place in the gap between the electrode and workpiece, and the machining gap is controlled by an EDM servo system. The preliminary experimental study indicates that the abrasive effect not only improves the surface quality of EDG, but also improve the gap flushing condition by effectively removing the eroded chips and particles, and providing higher normal spark ratio and better machining stability. Advanced on-line monitoring and control system for die-sinking EDM Graphite electrodes are popular for die-sinking EDM operations in U.S. industries because of higher machining rates and easy of fabrication. During EDM with graphite electrodes, the arc damage occurs frequently and is difficult to avoid. The main objective of this project is to develop an advanced monitoring and control system for die-sinking EDM when using graphite electrodes. In this project, an advanced and commercial available digital EDM monitor will be developed to detect the time ratios of gap states. The neural network technology will be used to analyze the gap voltage and curre無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 nt signals and the data of gap states collected from the EDM monitoring system. A neural network and fuzzy logical identification system will be developed to predict the arc damage during the EDM process with graphite electrodes. An advanced control system will be developed to control on-line the discharge power, auto-jumping of tool electrode, and the servo system. EDM power generator for advanced materials When using EDM to machine the high thermal resistant materials including tungsten carbide, conductive ceramics, PCD and PCB, the discharge waveforms strongly influence the process performance. Most commercially available EDM power generators provide only square discharge current pulses. However, with square discharge pulses, the thermal energy can not be highly concentrated, therefore, the material removal rates for many advanced materials including tungsten carbide and conductive ceramics are very low. This project is proposed to developed an EDM pulse generator to provide particular discharge waveforms suitable to machine advanced materials. The prototype of the proposed pulse power generator will be developed to provide the transistor controlled RC pulse, multi-level waveforms with wider peak current and voltage ranges than current commercially available EDM power generators. A computer can program the discharge waveform and select different pulse parameters. The optimal waveforms for different material and machining requirements will be determined by the theoretical study of thermal modeling and analysis of the EDM process for advanced materials. University of California/Davis Research in several EDM fields, including (but not limited to) advanced EDM control systems aimed at increasing production and reducing operator attention and studies in wire breakage on WEDM. Texas A&M University EDM studies on difficult to machine materials such as tungsten carbide/cobalt composites, titanium diboride or other ceramic composite materials. 無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 中文原文 一種新技術(shù)電火花的加工， 盡管電火花加工曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是非傳統(tǒng)加工過程，但是電火花在世界范圍內(nèi)許多工業(yè)方面已經(jīng)取代了鉆孔、銑削、磨削和其它傳統(tǒng)加工方法。盡管 50 年以前的早期它是 “tapbusting”的方式，但是電火花已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為最先進(jìn)加工技術(shù)之一。現(xiàn)代電火花加工設(shè)備運(yùn)用先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字控制，可達(dá)六軸同時(shí)工作和不同的電源技術(shù)。這些能夠作為一面鏡子高精度完成加工。 來自世界頂尖研究所和研究中心主要的電火花建設(shè)者和研究者雇傭的許多專業(yè)工程師通過共同努力實(shí)現(xiàn)了電火花技術(shù)的巨大先進(jìn)性。這篇報(bào)道為學(xué)者、研究所的 發(fā)展、專職社會和世界范圍內(nèi)對電火花的先進(jìn)性不斷做出貢獻(xiàn)的其它組織提供了研究綱要。 加工技術(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)變 根據(jù)聯(lián)邦實(shí)驗(yàn)協(xié)會調(diào)查，從政府、私人研究中心到工廠有許多帶來技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變的渠道。以下就是不同加工技術(shù)應(yīng)用的抽樣調(diào)查： 1.工業(yè)和實(shí)驗(yàn)室之間合作性研究項(xiàng)目。 2.車間、研究會和簡報(bào)。 3.獨(dú)家的 /非獨(dú)家的許可。 4.工廠為工作設(shè)備設(shè)立實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行贊助性研究。 5.咨詢實(shí)驗(yàn)室人員。 6.實(shí)驗(yàn)室和工廠貿(mào)易為了相互的利益，職員交換任務(wù)。 7.在一家具體的公司里，實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備使用能力不可獲知。 8.實(shí)驗(yàn)室參觀、分享信 息并討論技術(shù)上的問題。 9.出版社和其他的印刷文獻(xiàn)。 10.工業(yè)成員與那些和實(shí)驗(yàn)室相關(guān)的組織聯(lián)合在一起。 如項(xiàng)目 9 和 10 所定義的 ,電火花技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變 (EDMTT)的目的之一是從有關(guān)電火花項(xiàng)目的研究中心提供技術(shù)或信息源，而且使這些可得信息有利于電火花過程的任何一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。由電火花轉(zhuǎn)變技術(shù)出版的一個(gè)參考信息是電火花技術(shù)專欄系列，它包括由大學(xué)、電火花制造業(yè)者和其它世界各地技術(shù)研究中心提供的電火花技術(shù)報(bào)道。 無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 國際的和國內(nèi)電火花參考和討論論壇 為討論電火花研究和發(fā)展建立一個(gè)論壇，并且為基本指導(dǎo)課程和先進(jìn)的 電火花技術(shù)提供幫助，一些技術(shù)社團(tuán)和其它組織已經(jīng)建立了關(guān)于電火花的國際或國內(nèi)參考。 日本 日本電力切割工程師社會（ JSEME） 盡管 JSEME 有四十年的歷史，但在研究、發(fā)展和傳播電火花以后，它在日本已經(jīng)有了優(yōu)越的組織和驅(qū)動力。日本所有主要的電火花建設(shè)者和大學(xué)的電火花研究員在電火花年度會議上將最近的電火花研究和發(fā)展，用技術(shù)報(bào)告呈現(xiàn)出來。在 JSEME， “所有的日本會議 ”于 1994 年十月召開，呈現(xiàn)了三十五個(gè)新的電火花報(bào)告 ,包括三菱、 Sodick、 Makino、日立的最新研究和日本大學(xué)建立的首要研究中心。 日本電力切割工程師團(tuán)體的雜志是官方出版社，它提供關(guān)于日本電火花工業(yè)最新的技術(shù)信息。 教授 Yasuo 的一個(gè)最近公告指出， Kimoto ， JSEME 的現(xiàn)在總統(tǒng) , 社會將會 調(diào)整為一個(gè)新的 “電力切割的國際雜志” (IJEM)。 IJEM 的目的是：1) 傳播電力切割方法領(lǐng)域最新的科學(xué)和科技的新聞， 2）交換電力切割用于實(shí)踐中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)， 3）告知最近的狀態(tài)和建議將來的發(fā)展方向。 IJEM 社論董事會成員包括從三菱、 Sodick 和日本首要研究中心的代表，也包括非日本人成員。 美國 制造業(yè)工程師的社會 (SME) SME 贊助一個(gè)年度電火花的臨床講義和一個(gè)基本課程。 機(jī)械工程師的美國社會 (ASME) 1985 年開始 , ASME的生產(chǎn)工程學(xué)在年度冬季會上，把電火花作為一個(gè)主要的討論項(xiàng)目，召開了一個(gè)關(guān)于非傳統(tǒng)加工的會議。 現(xiàn)代的機(jī)械工場 /賈德納管理 1989 年開始 ,現(xiàn)代機(jī)械工廠雜志和賈德納管理服務(wù)贊助了最近的電火花會議和在美國的展覽會。 EDMTT 參加了所有的會議。 國內(nèi)研究標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和技術(shù) (NIST) 在商業(yè)的美國部門之下組織在美國貿(mào)易技術(shù)管理組織下 ,NIST 就 “先進(jìn)材料的加工 ”問題舉行了會議，并 列舉了使用電火花的技術(shù)信息。 國際的 無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 六十年代開始 ,“生產(chǎn)工程學(xué)研究的國際研究所 ”為 “電加工座談會 ”（ ISEM）的國際代表團(tuán)，即世界主要的電火花生產(chǎn)商和研究員進(jìn)行了調(diào)整。生產(chǎn)工程學(xué)研究的國際研究所如 CIRP 一樣正式地被大家接受 ,這代表了 “國際學(xué)院培養(yǎng)的IEtude 科技生產(chǎn)機(jī)械學(xué) ”。 ISEM 已經(jīng)是一個(gè)電火花、激光、 ECM 和其它高科技加工技術(shù)信息的交換論壇。 ISEMXI 將會在瑞士舉行，它的主題范圍包括電火花處理過程和物理學(xué)、電火花機(jī)械學(xué)、電火花科技、電火花控制和電火花應(yīng)用。 EDM 研究和發(fā)展中心 雖 然電火花只是全世界工業(yè)總的加工工具的一小部分，但全世界范圍內(nèi)的關(guān)于電火花研究和發(fā)展的實(shí)驗(yàn)室在近幾年內(nèi)飛速增長。很多技術(shù)中心在主要的電火花建設(shè)者的集資下或通過政府研究部門的集資，越來越多的電火花研究項(xiàng)目得到更深入和更好的組織。一些電火花制造商為資金有限的大學(xué)捐贈了機(jī)器，這為將來的工程師獲得親自參與、理解電火花過程的能力提供了幫助。 下列機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)建立了電火花研究和發(fā)展項(xiàng)目。他們只代表了全世界致力于電火花科學(xué)技術(shù)先進(jìn)性的實(shí)驗(yàn)室的和研究工程的一部分。除了為主要的電火花制造商設(shè)立的先進(jìn)研究實(shí)驗(yàn)事工作之外，也為那些對 電火花工業(yè)的將來發(fā)展有直接作用的研究所工作。 美國 非傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)研究中心 ,內(nèi)布拉斯加 -林肯大學(xué) 在教授 K. P. Rajurkar 的指導(dǎo)下，美國建立了一個(gè)研究所，它是全世界電火花和其它高科技加工的學(xué)術(shù)研究和實(shí)驗(yàn)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中心。先進(jìn)制造過程的課程的教學(xué)覆蓋了一系列主題，為深入研究電火花技術(shù)的學(xué)生提供了幫助。除電火花技術(shù)之外 ,大約覆蓋了 30 個(gè)其他的先進(jìn)制造業(yè)加工過程。下列各項(xiàng)課程在一定水平上為這些研究提供一個(gè)摘要 : 課程名稱 : 先進(jìn)的制造業(yè)加工（ IE 970 ） 描述 : 先進(jìn)的制造業(yè)加工為多種材料制造 復(fù)雜的形狀提供另一選擇（或有時(shí)稱為替代選擇）。這課程能夠處理從基本操作到將這些先進(jìn)過程整合為一個(gè)復(fù)雜的制造系統(tǒng)。包括電火花加工（ EDM）、電化學(xué)加工（ ECM）、激光加工（ LBM）、磨料噴射加工（ AJM）、電化學(xué)電弧加工（ ECAM）、電子束焊接等等，這個(gè)課程大約覆蓋有三十一個(gè)非傳統(tǒng)制造加工。在先進(jìn)制造加工的文章中，覆蓋了以下主題： 1.機(jī)械裝置加工，靠模切和模擬 無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 2.表面輪廓 3.工具設(shè)計(jì) ,電腦輔助設(shè)計(jì) 4.加工工具相關(guān)的設(shè)計(jì) 5.適當(dāng)?shù)目刂?6.專家系統(tǒng)，神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò) ,模糊邏輯應(yīng)用 7.CIM 環(huán)境整合 8.應(yīng)用 9.環(huán)境的和安全問題 除了課程之外 ,也需要電火花沉淀和電火花線切割實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目。 以下所列清單項(xiàng)目為內(nèi)布拉斯加的大學(xué)非傳統(tǒng)加工研究中心的過去和將來的電火花研究工作提供了一個(gè)綱要。 過去兩年計(jì)劃 電火花運(yùn)行時(shí)，電極的低溫處理的效果 這個(gè)計(jì)劃嘗試研究電火花運(yùn)行時(shí)，工具電極的低溫處理效果。在俄亥俄州的公司，工件材料和電極的低溫處理是由 PRM 碳化物完成的。在低溫處理時(shí)候，材料在 77K 溫度 24 小時(shí)冷卻到周圍環(huán)境的溫度。已經(jīng)完成了正確對待已處理的金屬線和未處理的金屬線的 WEDM 實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，低溫處理金屬線，使金屬線破壞的危險(xiǎn)性減小了 30%。關(guān)于電火花沉淀和 WEDM 的實(shí)驗(yàn)性工作一直在繼續(xù)。 復(fù)晶體金剛石的電火花線切割 (PCD) 已經(jīng)實(shí)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)性研究決定了 WED 加工過程在運(yùn)行時(shí)參數(shù)設(shè)置的效果。 WEDM 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)在切削材料的不同層面時(shí)，在工作件中，像 PCD 和 WC 這樣的材料 ,是由實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論共同決定的。熱應(yīng)力的數(shù)學(xué)模型一