2013考研閱讀技巧必殺技

傳統(tǒng)閱讀與新題型的“必殺技”（一） 閱讀作為考研英語分?jǐn)?shù)比值最大的部分，歷來都是考生們備戰(zhàn)考研英語的制勝真經(jīng)。然而，這部分分?jǐn)?shù)卻讓不少考生“望分興嘆” 。事實(shí)上，它并沒有考生們認(rèn)為的那么難，只要掌握了閱讀理解的解題“必殺技”，就可以攻破出題人的“拳數(shù)套路” 。下面以選自于萬學(xué)海文教研中心研發(fā)的 2009考研英語閱讀理解技巧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全書中的一篇與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)的篇目為例，教你掌握閱讀理解解題“必殺技”，讓我們先從傳統(tǒng)閱讀開始。 傳統(tǒng)閱讀經(jīng)濟(jì)篇 對(duì)于考研閱讀試題，由于客觀試題本身對(duì)選項(xiàng)的要求 解的 唯一性和選項(xiàng)間的不可爭議性 。而社會(huì)科學(xué)本身不同于自然科學(xué)，有非常明確的界限。命題人為了避免兩者之間的沖突，所選文章通常具有以下兩大特點(diǎn)： 1 文章中心單一、突出，即整個(gè)文章的說明或論述均緊緊圍繞一個(gè)中心進(jìn)行。 2 作者對(duì)所描述或論述的事物持有的態(tài)度褒貶分明（當(dāng)然，客觀描述某些事件的態(tài)度除外，因?yàn)樽髡邞B(tài)度是客觀的，就不會(huì)有個(gè)人的褒貶之態(tài)）。 文章的這兩大特點(diǎn)也構(gòu)成了考生在正確答題時(shí)的兩條宏觀主線（通?？忌盐者@兩點(diǎn)足以保證拿下閱讀試題中 70% 以上的分?jǐn)?shù)）。 如： When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero is not biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “Im a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “ I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me, too ， ” she says. Even before Alan Greenspans admission that Americas red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealer-ships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say they are not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “theres a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied(a. 狂亂的 ) overbidding quiets. “ Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says John Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential homebuyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers would not mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattans hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting. (2004.P3) 51. By “Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means . A. Spero can hardly maintain her business B. Spero is too much engaged in her work C. Spero has grown out of her bad habit D. Spero is not in a desperate situation 【解答過程】解題 思路一： 從文章中各種帶有感情色彩的短語“ dont sound any alarms”，“ only concerned, not panicked”，“ remain optimistic”，“ not in despair”，“ still feel pretty good”，“ feel pretty comfortable”和“ still be worth toasting”，我們可以看到，作者及美國人對(duì)整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不景氣持樂觀態(tài)度。 A項(xiàng) Spero幾乎不能維持他的生意了。如果商業(yè)到了這般狀況，人們還會(huì)對(duì) 經(jīng)濟(jì)樂觀得起來嗎？ A違背了文中的基本態(tài)度，排除。 B項(xiàng) Spero太忙于自己的工作，文中第二句提到了 Spero不能修剪、銼磨、上油指甲到他想要的數(shù)量，并且后文中又提到 Spero在不斷降低自己的經(jīng)營規(guī)模，均說明生意在萎縮，生意不景氣顯然不可能有太多的活要做，排除 B。選項(xiàng) C Spero已經(jīng)改掉了他的壞脾氣，文中根本就沒有提及這個(gè)內(nèi)容，排除 C。選項(xiàng) D Spero并沒有陷于絕望的境地，正好符合作者的樂觀態(tài)度基調(diào)，且與后文吻合，所以答案選 D。 解題思路二： 從中心與態(tài)度角度判斷， A 偏離文中態(tài)度基調(diào)， B、 C 談到的 均是具體表面的含義，偏離了文章中心，排除。同樣，答案為 D。 52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation? A. Optimistic . B. Confused. C. Carefree. D. Panicked. 【解答過程】 上面已有分析，答案為 A 樂觀的。 B困惑的， C無憂慮的（樂觀并不代表沒有憂慮，文中談到“ only concerned, not panicked”正是說明這一點(diǎn)）， D恐慌的， 均不符合文意，排除。 53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Paragraph 3) the author is talking about . A. gold market B. real estate C. stock exchange D. venture investment 【解答過程】 對(duì)于這種類似于指代關(guān)系的判斷，通常采用就近原則，即指代的內(nèi)容通常是之前緊鄰的中心詞。 因?yàn)槿绻复膬?nèi)容間隔 太遠(yuǎn)，容易產(chǎn)生歧義，不符合命題原則。這里，與這句緊鄰的前后作者談?wù)摰木怯嘘P(guān) Home prices 的話題，所以可以斷定“ the $4 million to $10 million range”談?wù)摰氖?real estate（地產(chǎn)），答案 B。 A黃金市場(chǎng)，文中雖然出現(xiàn)了 gold這個(gè)詞，但這里 gold充當(dāng)?shù)氖切揎椩~，修飾 rush，表示“高漲的”； C股票交易，雖然文章談到了華爾街，但并沒有談到股票交易，只是說華爾街的股息收益提供了“ the $4 million to $10 million range”的資金來源 ，而股票的收益又為股票提供資金來源本身在理論上就說不通（如果股息為股票提供資金，股票又賺取股息，豈不是雞生蛋蛋生雞，一張紙左手換到右手就能不斷賺取收益，那還有誰去從事實(shí)業(yè)呢 ?）； D風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資，文中并沒有提及到。 54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic showdown? A. They would benefit in certain ways. B. The stock market shows signs of recovery. C. Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom. D. The purchasing power would be enhanced. 【解答過程】解題思路一： 雖然有些考生對(duì)于本句話的理解可能不是很清晰，但從該段結(jié)構(gòu)看，段落首句給出該句后，后面均是具體事實(shí)的列舉，由此可以斷定，該句為該段的中心句，這也符合英文表達(dá)的習(xí)慣。該句直譯：對(duì)于此次經(jīng)濟(jì)的減緩，許多人仍然可以看到銀里子。在這里，我們暫且不管“ silver linings”到底指 “銀里子”對(duì)不對(duì)，但我們可以肯定，既然是由“金銀”修飾的名詞，肯定不會(huì)是什么壞東西。那么，我們可以直接把它用“好處”這一具有廣泛含義的詞來含糊的替代它理解。這句話就轉(zhuǎn)化成了這樣一個(gè)很明確的語義：對(duì)于此次 ?-濟(jì)的減緩，許多人仍然可以看到很多好處。語義明確了，從段落結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容方面我們已斷定該句話就是段落的中心，后面舉例正是對(duì)本中心的具體說明，從 potential home buyers， employers， diners ， getting a table at Manhattans hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant等幾個(gè)方面來說明這一中心，人們可以在不同的方面獲得一些實(shí)惠，同時(shí)也符合作者樂觀的態(tài)度基調(diào)（ benefit），故答案為 A。 B 股票市場(chǎng)顯示了復(fù)蘇的跡象（文中雖然提到股市，但并沒提到股市的狀況）， C 繁榮之前通常有這種衰退， D購買力會(huì)得以提高，這三者在文中均沒有提及。 解題思路二： 從另一方面來看， A他們會(huì)從某些方面獲得實(shí)惠。通常， ?-濟(jì)衰退并非所有的人都得不到利益，不同的人可能會(huì)從不同的方面獲得一些好處。 A含義富有彈性，含有特征詞 certain，且與現(xiàn)實(shí)邏 ?-吻合，故確 定答案為 A。 解題思路三： 把中心與態(tài)度結(jié)合起來判斷，文章中心描述的是 ?-濟(jì)衰退對(duì)人們生活的影響，作者態(tài)度是樂觀的，兩者結(jié)合，既涉及到生活方面，又表現(xiàn)出樂觀態(tài)度（從 benefit這一詞可以看出），只有 A，故確定答案為 A。 55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree? A. A now boom, on the horizon. B. Tighten the belt, the single remedy. C. Caution all right, panic not. D. The more ventures, the more chances. 【解答過程】 本文談?wù)摰闹行氖墙?jīng)濟(jì)增長速度放緩對(duì)美國人的影響及人們所持的態(tài)度， A 即將出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮 ，談到的是經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)興，偏離中心，排除。 D 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越多，機(jī)會(huì)越大 ，談到的是投資，偏離中心，排除。 B 勒緊腰帶，別無選擇，態(tài)度過于低沉，和作者樂觀態(tài)度相悖，排除。 C 謹(jǐn)慎一點(diǎn)，無須恐慌 ，態(tài)度與作者吻合，且我們可以在文中可以找到依據(jù) “ only concerned, not panicked” ，答案 C 。 【總結(jié)】 本文是 2004年考研英語閱讀文章中最難的一篇，其難點(diǎn)在于文中出現(xiàn)了幾個(gè)比較抽象的語句，使考生對(duì)語義的理解不清晰，導(dǎo)致答題時(shí)無所適從。其實(shí)，在做閱讀理解這類題型時(shí)，我們并不需要把每個(gè)句子都弄清楚。當(dāng)遇到一些模糊概念時(shí)，我們可以跳過法，首先從整體上把握文章中心和作者所持的態(tài)度，再適當(dāng)兼顧細(xì)節(jié)，采用多種不同的技巧答題。如果有些題目還是不能作答的話，我們完全可以選擇放棄，畢竟并不是每個(gè)人都能獲得滿分。 提高閱讀除了掌握一定的方法和技巧以外， 也要通過研做真題來掌握命題規(guī)律和特點(diǎn)。然而，考生的時(shí)間和能力都是有限的，在有限且緊張的復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間內(nèi)，迅速掌握命題規(guī)律且提高個(gè)人的閱讀能力，對(duì)于每一個(gè)考生來說，難度都不小。但是，你可以選擇權(quán)威的參考資料或其他輔助個(gè)人有效學(xué)習(xí)的方式，最短時(shí)間獲得最多的精華。以上文出處 考研英語閱讀理解技巧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全書為例，它詮釋了真題的命題規(guī)律，解讀考研閱讀的難點(diǎn)和應(yīng)對(duì)技巧，且對(duì)閱讀各種內(nèi)容及題型做出詳盡的分析，指導(dǎo)性比較直接、全面。所以，建議考生，在選擇參考資料時(shí)，要選擇那些圍繞大綱、靠近真題、解析全面、指導(dǎo)直接的資料。以便 資料的有效運(yùn)用。 09考研英語： 傳統(tǒng)閱讀與新題型的“必殺技”（二） 上一篇我們以經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)內(nèi)容的閱讀理解為例，向大家解析了傳統(tǒng)閱讀的解題技巧，在這篇“必殺技”中，我們依然用實(shí)體文章向 09年考生講解閱讀理解的解題方法與技巧。下面以選自于萬學(xué)海文教研中心研發(fā)的 2009 考研英語閱讀理解技巧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全書中的一篇與醫(yī)學(xué)相關(guān)的篇目為例，教你掌握閱讀理解中新題型的解題“必殺技”。 閱讀新題型 段落排序題 醫(yī)學(xué)篇 Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45. you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The second, the fifth and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 .(10 points) AThe Thorax paper doesnt specify the illnesses that may result from weakened lung function, though there is evidence that a rapid decline on the order of those recorded in the studys most hostile subjects can lead to lung disease, heart disease, and even early death. The studys strength, Wright says, is that it uses an interdisciplinary approach involving psychology and medicine, and relies on objective measures of both hostility and lung function. BThe researchers next steps are to look at whether the effects of hostility are reversible, and to conduct a similar study of a group of younger people, to get a sense of how early these effects can be seen. “We can intervene later,” says Kubzansky, “but wouldnt it be nice if they never get there in the first place?” CRosalind Wright, assistant professor of medicine at Harvard, notes that the lungs have been neglected in part, because theres no clear-cut event like a heart attack to show evidence of their decline. But Wright and her colleagues, drawing on new data, say doctors need to pay more attention to lung function and talk about it with at-risk patients. DStress headaches, stress fractures, and stress-induced heart attacks are already well known to the general public. Now new research suggests that the lungs are vulnerable to the effects of stress as well. EThe results, despite their objectivity, may not entirely please doctors, whose time with patients is already tight. “Clinicians look for: You have it or you dont,” says Wrights fellow author Laura Kubzansky, an assistant professor in the department of society, human development, and health at the Harvard School of Public Health. “Psychological factors are not so simple. You cant say, Oh, this is a non-hostile person in the way that you can say, This is a nonsmoker. It makes the whole endeavor harder.” FRecently, in the journal Thorax, they published one of the first studies to show that hostility is a risk factor for poor lung function among older men. The researchers found that men who were more hostile at the outset of the study suffered a more rapid rate of decline in their lung function than others. Moreover, the study found that damage to lung function from hostility was comparable to the amount of damage done by cigarettes, an effect even the investigators were surprised to see. That means, says Wright, “Just as smoking can hurt your lungs, harboring hostility may be harmful.” GThe researchers analyzed data from a long-term study of 670 men aged 45 to 86 whose hostility and lung function were measured several times during an eight-year period. Lung function was assessed using a spirometer, which measures subjects lung capacity and rate of airflow when they blow into a tube. Hostility, defined as a personality trait that leads to chronic anger, was measured by a widely used true-false questionnaire that assesses mistrust, resentment, and suspiciousness. HBoth Wright and Kubzansky say that this research has made them more focused on how people become hostile in the first place. “It changes the way I parent,” says Wright, who is the mother of two children. “When they get furious, Ill sit down and have a conversation with each of themone I wish I could have had myself when I was youngabout how anger at his brother affects him, and about how it affects his brother.” （一）答題步驟及方法 1.精讀題目已經(jīng)給出的首尾段落，推測(cè)所要選填內(nèi)容談?wù)摰闹行摹?由于排序題對(duì)邏輯嚴(yán)密性要求，一般來說，選填內(nèi)容的 5個(gè)段落邏 ?- 性較強(qiáng)，所談?wù)搩?nèi)容的中心單一，一旦通過首尾句判定出選填內(nèi)容的中心，那么在下一步的通 讀選項(xiàng)中就會(huì)有意識(shí)的確定每個(gè)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容和中心的關(guān)系，方便下一步對(duì)題目的正確解答。 2.通讀選項(xiàng)，了解每個(gè)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，確認(rèn)選填部分內(nèi)容明確的中心并勾畫出每個(gè)段落中的特征詞（特征詞分析見第一節(jié)選擇填空內(nèi)容），根據(jù)特征詞排定大概順序。 3.再次精讀題目已給出的首段內(nèi)容，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和結(jié)合西方語言習(xí)慣確定 41號(hào)空選填內(nèi)容 。 一般來說，東方人的思維是螺旋型的，西方人則多為直線型。他們?cè)谡撌鲆粋€(gè)觀點(diǎn)或因果關(guān)系時(shí)，先直接拿出論點(diǎn)（雖然有時(shí)候會(huì)引用其他觀點(diǎn)作為引出自己觀點(diǎn)的鋪墊，但對(duì)于自己陳述的主要觀點(diǎn)部分還是按照 先有論點(diǎn)后有論據(jù)的順序進(jìn)行篇章布局）或結(jié)果，然后再去引用論據(jù)或原因闡述，這個(gè)在歷年真題的閱讀文章中有較好的體現(xiàn)（本題中的 C項(xiàng)和 E項(xiàng)）。 41 空的正確選填對(duì)于整個(gè)排序題至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)樗环矫骊P(guān)系到考生答題狀況（如果考生第一個(gè)空都難以作答，自然會(huì)感覺全身緊張，緊張直接影響考試發(fā)揮狀態(tài)，這不是命題人所希望看到的），另一方面也給出后面選項(xiàng)的答題思路。這一空一般不難，而作為已 ?-給出的首段內(nèi)容必然含 41 空的選填暗示，考生需要好好分析給出的第一段內(nèi)容，從選項(xiàng)中找出與之可以承接的內(nèi)容。 4.根據(jù) 41空內(nèi)容和文中關(guān) 鍵詞，以及選填內(nèi)容的中心確定 42。 5.結(jié)合文章中心，對(duì)剩余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行對(duì)比，確定 45空的選填內(nèi)容。 一般來說，在剩余的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中， 45空作為選填內(nèi)容的結(jié)尾段落，其內(nèi)容的確定比較容易，這也遵從由易到難逐個(gè)擊破的答題策略。 6.對(duì)最后兩項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，通過選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞來判定最后兩項(xiàng)的排序。 總的來說， 5 個(gè)選項(xiàng)的一般難度分布為 41 空難度最小，其次為 42 空，再次之是 45 空，最難的就是 43空和 44空，但一旦前面叫容易的三個(gè)空解決掉了，后面的兩個(gè)空也自然迎刃而解。 7.最后一步，文章補(bǔ) 充完整之后，檢查整個(gè)文章的邏輯關(guān)系是否合理。 （二）試題分析（技能應(yīng)用） 第一步，找到題目給