高考語法復習之非謂語動詞做狀語及與狀語從句的相互轉化與語法填空的應用.doc

www. 非謂語動詞作狀語高考對非謂語動詞作狀語的考查多與對動詞其他形式的考查同時進行主要包括以下幾個方面的內(nèi)容： 1不定式作狀語； 2-ing分詞作狀語； 3-ed分詞作狀語。一、不定式結構作狀語不定式結構作狀語通常有以下幾種情況：1、目的狀語（分詞一般不能作目的狀語）He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly .To catch the train ,she hurried through her work 注：表目的的不定式還常與so as或in order連用，構成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 結構，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。 To get there in time, we got up very early. = In order to get there in time, we got up very early. = We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time. 2、原因狀語 不定式結構作原因狀語常用在作表語用的形容詞后。 Im sorry to hear that .Were proud to be young people of China . We are glad to hear the news3、結果狀語 不定式結構作結果狀語，有時表示未曾預料到的、或令人不快的結果。（常和only連用）。 He ran all the way to the station ,only to find the train had left . 而現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語常常是可以預料的結果，是伴隨謂語動詞而產(chǎn)生的自然結果 The police opened fire ,killing the robber . He died ,leaving his wife with five children .4. 有時，不定式還可修飾一個句子，表明說話人的態(tài)度。 to tell you the truth, to be honest, to be frank, to be fair, to make things/matters worse等。 To tell you the truth, I dont like the film. 高考真題檢測：1、_ late in the after noon ,Bob turned off the alarm . A .To sleep B .sleeping C .sleep D .Having slept 2、You were silly not _your car . A .to lock B .to have locked C .locking D .having locked 3、The news reporters hurried to the airport ,only _ the film stars had left . A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told 4. Good-bye, Mr Jones. Im pleased _. A. for meeting youB. to meet youC. to have been meeting you D. to have met you5 Tom is waiting _ the doctor. A. to seeB. for to seeC. for seeingD. for see6. I went to see him _ him out. A. findingB. findC. only to findD. only found7. _, I dont like her sister. A. Telling the truthB. Been told the truthC. To tell the truthD. To tell the true二、分詞結構作狀語 形式意義 doing與句中主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系，與句中謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或基本上同時發(fā)生。having done與句中主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系，先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。done與句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系，時間不確定 being done與句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系，且與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，一般作原因狀語置于句首。 having been done與句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系，且先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。判斷步驟A：首先看主語，確定該動詞與主語之間是主動關系還是被動關系。B：然后看謂語動詞，確定該動詞與謂語動詞之間動作發(fā)生的先后關系。 Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears. （主動/同時進行）Not having received an answer ,he decided to write another letter .(主動/完成)Havingfoundaseat,sheleftherbooksonit.(主動/完成) Having been beaten by a snake, she was frightented at it.（被動、完成） Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.（被動、完成） Seen from the hill ,the city looks beautiful. (被動)Given more time, we could have done it much better. (被動)（一）分詞作狀語，主句部分。一般表示時間，條件，讓步，原因，其形式doing ，done，having done，having been done ，being done1）時間狀語1.Hearing the news,they got excited.When they heard the news, they got excited.2.Having finished my homework, I returned home. After I finished my homework,I returned home.3.Seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful. When it is seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful.2）原因狀語1.Having been beaten by a snake, she was frightented at it. Because she had been beaten by a snake, she was frightented at it2. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.3.Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch Because he was reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch4. Not knowing his address, I cant write to him. Because he doesnt know his address, I cant write to him.5.Being so poor in those days, they couldnt send the boy to school. Because they were so poor in those days, they couldnt send the boy to school.6. Being League members, we are ready to help others. As we are League members, we are ready to help others. 7.Born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. As he was born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. 3）條件狀語1.Given a chance, I can surprise the world.If I am given a chance, I can surprise the world.2.Working hard, you will surely succeed. If you work hard, you will surely succeed.3.Reading carefully，youll learn something newAs long as you read carefully，youll learn something new4）讓步狀語1.Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.2. Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasnttriedherbest. Although I admit whatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasnttriedherbest. 3. Admitted into the university , he was still upset. Although he was Admitted into the university , he was still upset.二、主句部分，分詞作狀語。在這一句型中，分詞作狀語可表示結果，方式，伴隨，可以轉換為一個并列的謂語成分。這一句型的分詞作狀語通常有兩種種形式：doing, done1）結果狀語1.Itrainedheavily,thus causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.Itrainedheavily,and thus causedseverefloodinginthatcountry.2.He fired, killing one of the passers-by. He fired, and killed one of the passers-by.3.He died, leaving his wife with five children. He died, and left his wife with five children. 2）伴隨狀語1.The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. The teacher came into the lab, and was followed by some students.2.I stood there, listening to the broadcast.I stood there and listened to the broadcast.3）方式狀語1.Traveling by jeep, we visited a number of cities. I travelled by jeep, and visited a number of cities.2.He earns a living driving a truck. He earns a living by driving a truck.高考實例1. Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing2. My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. broughtB. bringingC. to bringD. had brought3.We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs,_ that all children like these things. A. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. Thought4.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reachedB. reaching C. to reachD. to be reaching5. _ for several weeks, the city was short of food and clothing. A. As having flooded B. As floodingC. Having been floodedD. to flood6. _ from the tallest building, the whole city looks very beautiful. A. SeeB. SawC. SeeingD. Seen7. We walked as fast as we could, _ to catch the 9:30 train. A. hopingB. to hopeC. we hopedD. being hoped8. _ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.（Steal）9. _ the front door painted, he had to enter the room through the back door.（See）10. The sun was shining brightly, _ everything there _ more beautiful.（make; look）_(surprise)at the way the question was put forward,the students didnt know the answer to it. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose) _ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) _ of the boring speech,the old man started to read a novel.(tire)A:此類形容詞有excited / exciting；surprised /surprising; amazed / amazing embarrassed /embarrassing encouraged / encouraging ; frustrated / frustrating ; interested / interesting; thrilled / thrilling terrified / terrifying; pleased / pleasing, = pleasant; satisfied/ satisfying; frightened / frightening tired / tiring; bored / boring ; relaxed / relaxing; fascinated / fascinating; annoyed / annoying moved / moving; worried /worrying; confused / confusing ; inspired / inspiringB：形容詞短語 be lost in； be dressed in； be interested in；be devoted to；be caught in , be seated in； be prepared for；be determined to , be faced with ,be based on,be tired of，be located in ,1.她坐在窗邊，陷入了沉思。2. 由于對醫(yī)學非常感興趣，他想成為一名醫(yī)生。3. 廣州在中國的南方，總面積7000多平方公里。4. 面對困難他從未放棄過。有一些分詞或分詞短語可用來表示說話人的態(tài)度或看問題的角度，這些分詞或短語已轉變?yōu)楠毩⒊煞輏udging from /by根據(jù)-來判斷，frankly speaking 老實地說，坦率地說 generally speaking 一般地說 strictly speaking 嚴格地說 properly speaking 確切地說來 taking- into consideration 考慮到Supposing假如，taken as a whole 總地來說，given考慮到，compared with與-相比Judging from his appearance，he looks like an old doctor Strictly speaking，her pronunciation is not quite good Taken as a whole，there is nothing wrong with the article Supposing she doesnt come, what shall we do?Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job.Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly. Taking everything into consideration, you should leave.1. _ hes only been learning English for a year, he speaks it very well. ( Consider)2. _ the past, our life is much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare withD. Compared with綜合練習1. _and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped to admire the beautiful scenery.(tire)2.Each of them got up early _ to catch the early bus.(hope)3.How pleased the Emperor was _ what the cheats said!(hear)4.They arrived at their university very late, _ the gate closely shut.(find)5.After _ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.(interview)6.Peter received a letter just now _(say) his grandma would come to see him soon. 7. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. 8. _(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. 9. _ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realiz