2.英語詞類——副詞.doc

英語詞類副詞摘要簡寫：adv.定 義 副詞是一種用來修飾動詞,形容詞,全句的詞,說明時間,地點,程度,方式等概念的詞。 分為.地點副詞.方式副詞.程度副詞.疑問副詞.連接副詞。副詞連用順序：程度副詞+方式副詞+地點副詞+時間副詞。 分 類 1) 時間和頻度副詞: now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, lately, next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday. 2) 地點副詞: here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on. 3) 方式副詞: carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 4) 程度副詞: much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly. 5) 疑問副詞: how, when, where, why. 6) 關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why. 7) 連接副詞: therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then. when.where.why(賓語從句中） 用 法 副詞在句中可作狀語,表語,補語。 He works hard. （作狀語）他工作努力。 You speak English quite well. （作狀語）你英語講的相當好。 Is she in ? （作表語）她在家嗎? Let is be out. （作表語）讓我們出去吧。 Food here is hardly to get. （作狀語）這兒很難弄到食物。Let him out!（作補語）讓他出去！ 位 置 1) 多數(shù)副詞都可以放在動詞的后面,如果動詞帶有賓語,副詞就放在賓語后面。 I get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。 He gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天給了我一件禮物。 She didn it drink water enough. 她喝的水不夠。 The train goes fast. 火車跑得快。 We can go to this school freely. 我們可以免費到這家學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。 They left a life hardly then. 當時他們的生活很艱難。 He has a new hat on today. 他今天戴了一頂新帽子。 I have seen this film twice with my friends. 這部電影我和朋友看過兩次。 2) 副詞修飾形容詞,副詞時,副詞在前面,而被修飾的詞在后面。 It is rather easy, I can do it. 這很容易,我能做到。 He did it quite well. 他做得相當好。 It is rather difficult to tell who is right. 很難說誰是對的。 It is so important that I must tell my friends. 這件事太重要了，我得告訴我的朋友。 It is much better. 好多了。 3) 頻度副詞可放在實義動詞的前面,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞的后面。 I often help him these days. 這些日子我經(jīng)常幫助他。 I always remember the day when I first came to this school. 我常常記得我第一次來學(xué)校的那一天。 You mustn it always help me. 你不能老是幫助我。 He seldom comes to see us. 他很少來看我們。 We usually go shopping once a week. 我們通常一周買一次東西。 The new students don it always go to dance. 新學(xué)生并不時常去跳舞。 4) 疑問副詞,連接副詞,關(guān)系副詞以及修飾整個句子的副詞,通常放在句子或從句的前面。 When do you study everyday? 你每天什么時間學(xué)習(xí)? Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告訴我你如何做的嗎? First, let me ask you some questions. 先讓我來問幾個問題。 How much does this bike cost? 這輛車子多少錢？ Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他來。 The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 當老師進教室時，學(xué)生們正在讀書。 5) 時間副詞和地點副詞在一個句中, 地點副詞在前面時間副詞在后面。 We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o iclock yesterday. 昨天九點鐘我們到超市買東西了. What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么？ The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago. 一小時前十一號大街發(fā)生了一場事故。6)否定副詞在句首，句子要倒裝，如：Never have I felt so excited! 比較等級 副詞和形容詞一樣,也有它的比較級和最高級形式. 可以參考形容詞的變換形式。但以詞尾 -ly 結(jié)尾的副詞（除 early ）須用 more 和 most 。 hard harder hardest fast faster fastest early earlier earliest much more most warmly more warmly most warmly 單音節(jié)副詞的比較級是在副詞后面加上 -er 構(gòu)成的，最高級是在副詞后面加上 -est 構(gòu)成的。 near nearer nearest hard harder hardest 多音節(jié)副詞的比較級是在副詞的前面加上 -more 構(gòu)成的。 最高級是在副詞前面加上 -most 構(gòu)成的。 warmly more warmly most warmly successfully more successfully most successfully 有些副詞的比較級和最高級形式是不規(guī)則的。 well-better - best little - less(er) - least much- more - most badly - worse - worst far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest) 副詞的比較級和最高級用法同形容詞的比較級用法基本一樣。 最高級形式句中 the 可以省略。 He works harder than I. 他比我工作努力。 Lucy gets up earlier than Lili. 露西比麗麗起床早。 He runs fastest in our class. 他在我們班跑地最快。 He dives deeper than his teammates. 他比他的隊員潛水深。 It is true that he speak English more fluently than any of us. 他英語講的確實比我們?nèi)魏稳硕己谩?Our school team play football best in our region. 我們校隊在我們地區(qū)足球踢得最好的。 比較級和最高級的形式 副詞比較級和最高級的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣 一般 副詞 hardharder hardest fastfaster fastest latelater latest earlyearlier earliest 特殊 副詞 well better best much more most badly worse worst little less(er) least 但是，開放類副詞即以后綴-ly結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加-er或-est，如 quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietly 注： early中的-ly不是后綴，故可以把y變i再加-er和-est特殊表達法 一、形容詞與副詞的同級比較： 由“as(so)as”引出，其否定式為“not so”或“not asas”,考生還應(yīng)注意下列含有“as”結(jié)構(gòu)或短語的句子 1. as such：表示上文所指明的事或人 He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是個孩子，必須被當作孩子對待。 2. as much：表示“與同量” Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。 I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是價格再貴一倍，我也會愿意把它買下的。 He as much as admitted the whole story. 他幾乎全部承認了。 3. as many：表示“與一樣多” I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了六個錯。 二、表示“幾倍于”的比較級：用twice (兩倍)，four times (四倍)，ten times (十倍)加上as as 結(jié)構(gòu) This one is four times as big as that one. 這個是那個的四倍大。(這個比那個大三倍。) / Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我們的校園比你們的大兩倍。 / He has books twice as many as she does. 他的書比她多一倍。三、“the same 名詞as”表示同等比較四、比較級前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等詞語表示不定量，far, completely,still表示程度或更進一步兼有兩種形式的副詞 1) close與closely close意思是近； closely 意思是仔細地 He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2) late 與lately late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近 You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3) deep與deeply deep意思是深，表示空間深度；deeply時常表示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high與highly high表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5) wide與widely wide表示空間寬度；widely意思是廣泛地，在許多地方 He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6) free與freely free的意思是免費；freely 的意思是無限制地 You can eat free in m