仁愛(ài)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)期末復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法精講.doc

仁愛(ài)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)期末復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法精講Unit 3-topic1Used toused to do sth.意為“以前常做某事,過(guò)去常常做某事”。1.表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣、狀態(tài),常用過(guò)去形式,時(shí)態(tài)不變。e.g. I used to go fishing on Sundays.我以前常在星期日去釣魚(yú)。2.與一般動(dòng)詞相同,否定句用didnt use to,也可用used not/usednt to,但常用didnt use to。e.g. He didnt use to drink.=He used not to drink.他以前不經(jīng)常喝酒。3.其疑問(wèn)句常用Diduse to？也可用Usedto？e.g. Did you use to be a teacher？=Usedyou to be a teacher？你以前是老師嗎？4.有時(shí)省略前述的動(dòng)詞以避免重復(fù)。e.g. I dont smoke these days, but I used to.我現(xiàn)在不抽煙,但我以前抽。表示“習(xí)慣于某事”,注意它與usedto do sth.的區(qū)別。e.g. You will soon get used to our way of living.你將很快習(xí)慣我們的生活方式。He is used togetting up early.他習(xí)慣了早起。Unit 3-topic2感 嘆 句感嘆句用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)的驚異、喜悅、氣憤等情緒。感嘆句一般有以下結(jié)構(gòu)：1. What + (a/an) +形容詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+其他！e.g. What a good idea (it is)!真是個(gè)好主意！What aninteresting story (it is)!這是個(gè)多有趣的故事啊！2. How +形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+其他！e.g. How hardhe works!他工作是多么努力啊！How cold (itis) today!今天多冷的天?。∽⒁?What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句,如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),即用What a/an +形容詞+.！如果名詞是復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù),前面不加a/an,即用What +形容詞+名詞+.！e.g. What beautiful flowers!多漂亮的花啊！What bad weather!多糟糕的天氣啊！一些比較特殊的感嘆句5 / 5仁愛(ài)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)期末復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法精講e.g. Hi!你好!Wonderful!精彩極了!2.短語(yǔ)e.g. Hands up!舉起手來(lái)!Too bad!太糟糕了!3.句子a.陳述感嘆句e.g. Thats a good idea!真是個(gè)好主意！b.疑問(wèn)感嘆句通常用否定句式謂語(yǔ)e.g. Isnt it a lovely view!多美啊！仁愛(ài)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)期末復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法精講過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。1.各種句式的構(gòu)成：(1)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)和第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí),助動(dòng)詞be用was,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是其他人稱(chēng)時(shí),都用were。e.g. I/He/She was reading newspaper at that time.那時(shí)我/他/她正在看報(bào)紙。They were watching TV from 8:00 to 9:00 the day before yesterday.前天8點(diǎn)到9點(diǎn)他們?cè)诳措娨暋?2)否定句：在助動(dòng)詞was/were后面直接加not。e.g. He was not playing football when I saw him.當(dāng)我看到他的時(shí)候,他沒(méi)在踢足球。(3)一般疑問(wèn)句及回答：把助動(dòng)詞was/were提到句首變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句,回答肯定形式是Yes,主語(yǔ)+ was/ were；否定形式是No,主語(yǔ)+ was/were+not。e.g. Was hesinging? Yes, he was./No, he wasnt.他在唱歌嗎？是的,他在唱。/不,他沒(méi)有。2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at thattime, at that moment, this timeyesterday, at nine yesterday morning等表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)以及由as, when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。e.g. I wasteaching my little brother at that time last night.昨天晚上那個(gè)時(shí)候我在教我的小弟弟。What were youdoing when I called you last night?昨天晚上我給你打電話(huà)時(shí)你在干什么?(2)表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)those days,that week, last night等連用。e.g. They wereplanting trees those days.那些天他們?cè)谥矘?shù)。He was visiting Beijing that week.那周他在參觀北京。3.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：(1)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行性和連續(xù)性；一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作結(jié)果,說(shuō)明有過(guò)這件事。e.g. I was doing my homework yesterday.昨天我在做作業(yè)。I did my homework yesterday.昨天我做了作業(yè)。(2)當(dāng)敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事,尤其是過(guò)程中發(fā)生的一系列動(dòng)作時(shí),都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。e.g. I began to do some reading at seven.ThenI went to bed at ten.我7點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)始看書(shū)。然后10點(diǎn)上床睡覺(jué)。Unit 4-topic1形容詞的比較級(jí)()形容詞有三個(gè)比較等級(jí)：原級(jí)(positive degree)；比較級(jí),表示“較”或“更一些”；最高級(jí)(superlative degree),表示“最”。表示兩者比較時(shí)用比較級(jí)；表示三者或三者以上的比較時(shí)用最高級(jí)。e.g. Lucy is older than Mary.露西比瑪麗大。Li Ming is the tallest in his class.李明是他們班最高的。形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。(1)規(guī)則變化：一般在詞尾加er或est。e.g. freshfresherfreshest; longlongerlongest; fewfewerfewest以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞,加r或st。e.g.strangestrangerstrangest; latelater latest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母,再加er或est。e.g. hothotterhottest; bigbiggerbiggest; wetwetterwettest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,先改y為i,再加er或est。e.g.happyhappierhappiest; healthyhealthierhealthiest部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞前面加more或most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。e.g. beautifulmorebeautifulmost beautiful; dangerousmore dangerousmost dangerous;activemore activemost active(2)不規(guī)則變化：good/wellbetterbest;little/fewlessleast; many/muchmoremost; bad/illworseworst;farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest。Unit 4-topic2形容詞比較等級(jí)（）1.形容詞原級(jí)的用法：（1）肯定句式：A+be+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B,表示A和B一樣。e.g. Lucy is as old as Lily.露西和莉莉一樣大。（2）否定句式：A+be+not+so/as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B,表示A不如/沒(méi)有Be.g. Mary is not as/so careful as I.瑪麗沒(méi)有我細(xì)心。2.形容詞比較級(jí)的用法：（1）A+be+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+B,表示A比B更e.g. This apple is bigger than that one.這個(gè)蘋(píng)果比那個(gè)大。（2）比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí),表示漸變過(guò)程,意為“越來(lái)越”。e.g. The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天氣越來(lái)越暖和了。（3）the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí),表示“越就越”。e.g. The more,the better.越多越好。（4）比較級(jí)+than anyother+單數(shù)名詞,表示“比起任何一個(gè)更?！眅.g. Tom is taller than any other student in his class.湯姆比起班上的其他人都高。比較級(jí)+than+the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示“比起其他所有的更”。e.g. Tom is taller than the other students in his class.湯姆比起班上的其他人都高。（5）表示數(shù)量的詞+形容詞比較級(jí)。e.g. I am two years older than Lily.我比莉莉大兩歲。（6）表示倍數(shù)的詞+形容詞比較級(jí)。e.g. Our school is twice larger than theirs.我們的學(xué)校比他們的大兩倍。（7）表示比較A和B,哪一個(gè)更e.g. Which is more interesting, English or Chinese?英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)哪一個(gè)更有趣？（8）the+比較級(jí)+of the two,表示“兩個(gè)中更的”e.g. He is the taller of the two.他是兩人中較高者。3.形容詞最高級(jí)的用法：（1）the+最高級(jí)+of/in表示“在中最為”,在一定的地域空間內(nèi)用in,在同類(lèi)事物范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行比較用of。e.g. China isthe largest country in Asia.中國(guó)是亞洲最大的國(guó)家。（2）表示第幾高/長(zhǎng)/遠(yuǎn)。e.g. TheYangtze River is the first longest river in China.長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)第一長(zhǎng)的河。4.比較結(jié)構(gòu)中須注意的問(wèn)題：（1）形容詞的比較級(jí)可用much, alittle, a lot, even等修飾來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。e.g. The countryside is much quieter than the city.農(nóng)村比城市更安靜。（2）原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)之間有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換,意思不變。e.g. Tom isnot as tall as Jim.湯姆沒(méi)有杰姆高。 =Tom is shorter than Jim.湯姆比杰姆矮。 China is the largest country in Asia.中國(guó)是亞洲最大的國(guó)家。 =China is larger than the other countriesin Asia.中國(guó)比起亞洲其他的國(guó)家大。（3）如果比較對(duì)象相同,可用that/those代替第二個(gè)比較對(duì)象。e.g. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.北京的天氣比起廣州的更冷。The cars madein China are cheaper than those made in foreign countries.國(guó)產(chǎn)的汽車(chē)比起國(guó)外造的更便宜。Unit 4-topic3賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí),需要加一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)等情況,使句子結(jié)構(gòu)變得更加完整,這樣的詞或短語(yǔ)叫做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。它和前面的賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的詞有名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、V-ed形式或V-ing形式等。常用句型是：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1.名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),通常放在call,name, keep, make, find等詞后,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的身份或特征等。2.形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)或比較級(jí)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),通常放在make, keep, find, get, let等動(dòng)詞后,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或特征等。e.g.TheInternet makes the world smaller.因特網(wǎng)使世界變得更小。3.帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),通常放在ask,tell,want, teach, order, advise, would like等動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）之后。e.g.My brother teaches me to play table tennis.我的哥哥教我打乒乓球。4.不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),通常放在