高中現(xiàn)在完成時及其練習(xí).doc

實用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案表格式現(xiàn)在完成時的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時特點要點內(nèi)容現(xiàn)在完成時概念過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 現(xiàn)在完成時標(biāo)志語already, yet, just, before，so far,for+一段時間,since+過去時間（two years ago）或者一般過去時態(tài)的從句recently, in the past few years“在過去的幾年里” in the last few years “在最后幾年里，still, lately, often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion “偶爾”， now, this morningup to （直到）these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year，today, up to present（now）“到現(xiàn)在為止謂語動詞的時態(tài)構(gòu)成have/has (主語是三單)+ done謂語動詞語態(tài)構(gòu)成形式have/has +been + done溫馨提示（重要考點）1.現(xiàn)在完成時不可用于終止性動詞，即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時間很短的動詞。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。 2.現(xiàn)在完成時常見的幾種句型： 主語have / has beenfor短語 It is一段時間since從句 (過去時)It has been一段時間 since從句 (過去時)It is一段時間that從句 (現(xiàn)在完成時)ThisThat isthe first(second,third.)time +現(xiàn)在完成時的句子溫馨提示：過去分詞規(guī)則的和一般過去時態(tài)的動詞變化規(guī)則一樣，動詞結(jié)尾+ed。不規(guī)則的要逐個記憶 不規(guī)則：go-went（過去式）-gone（過去分詞）如規(guī)則的: play-played（過去式）-played（過去分詞） The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. isam fly begin are play go drink work make pass does dance worry ask taste eat draw put 一 、詳解現(xiàn)在完成時的常見的標(biāo)志語和詞組，特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的用法1. 九個重點標(biāo)志語的用法already 已經(jīng) 肯定句中或句尾 I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已經(jīng) 否定句和疑問句句尾 I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾經(jīng) 句中 Have you ever seen pandas?never從不 句中 I have never been to Beijing.just剛剛 句中 I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 I have never been there before. so far到目前為止 So far he has learnt 200 words. how long多久 How long have you lived here? how many times多少次 How many times has he been to Beijing?2、三詞組用法區(qū)別： （1）havegone to“去了某地” ,主語不在說話現(xiàn)場，通過“Where is Tom”,或者“My father isnt inat home.”來體現(xiàn)。Is your father in? No, he has gone to Beijing (去了北京) （2）havebeen to“去過某地”， 通過already, yet, just, before，ever, never,once， twice, 數(shù)字+次數(shù)times標(biāo)志語來體現(xiàn)。He has been to Beijing twice。 （他曾去過北京兩次)（3）havebeen in “去了某地多久” +for+時間段(標(biāo)志語) He has been in Beijing for ten years.（4）havegone tohavebeen to havebeen in 后面接here，there，home要省去to，in。 He has been here for two hours.3、兩結(jié)構(gòu)for two monthsfor +一段時間Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +過去點時間Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +過去時態(tài)句子He has been in China since he came here.二、 現(xiàn)在完成時的四個基本句型：（1）.肯定句：主語+ has(主語是第三人稱單數(shù))或者h(yuǎn)ave+動詞的過去分詞+其他的。Mary has been ill for three days. You have talked.They （I）have already finished their homework.(2).否定句：主語+hasnt(havent)+動詞的過去分詞+其他的。He hasnt returned from abroad You havent talked.(3).一般疑問句：Has(Have)+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他的？Has Peter written six papers so far? Have you talked?(4).特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句？How long has Thomas studied Russian?三現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中的延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞1.延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動的區(qū)別：（1）延續(xù)性動詞定義：表示的動作是能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響，可以和for+時間段，since+過去時間連接。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live（2）非延續(xù)性動詞：也叫終止性動詞或者瞬間動詞，一次性動詞。表示的動作不能延續(xù)，即動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束，產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果。在有了某種結(jié)果后，動作就不能再繼續(xù)下去。如：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow2.常見的短暫性動詞分類（非延續(xù)性動詞）：（1）方向性動詞：come ，go， /arrive/get to/reach ，move，leave，open，close ， join buy /catch， borrow,lend ，get up，become，fall in（2）開始結(jié)束性動詞：start，begin，finish，end，die break，marry，lose （3）結(jié)果性動詞：hear，see,find(溫馨提示：結(jié)果性動詞不用進(jìn)行態(tài)，不和延續(xù)性時間連用)3.延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞的用法：表示短暫意義的動詞（非延續(xù)性動詞），可以用完成時，但是不和for+時間段，since+過去時間，可轉(zhuǎn)換成表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞來表示相同的意思。（因為for+時間段，since+過去時間是一段時間狀語，屬于延續(xù)性時間，要和延續(xù)性動詞連用）可以說He has arrived here. 不能說：He has arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago .)可以說：He has been here for ten minutesHe has been here since ten minutes ago. ) It is ten minutes since he arrived here. 可以說： He hasnt arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago ). Has he been here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago )?He has died two years ago.(用since或者for改寫句子) He has bought the book for 3 years.（錯）因buy這個一次性動詞不能和一段時間for 3 years連用, 改正的辦法有五種： He has bought the book. (去掉一段時間for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改為一般過去時，使句子的意思不變) Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改為固定句型 It is -since-） He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改為否定句） He has had the book for 3 years.（since 3 years ago。）（用延續(xù)性動詞have代替buy）4.延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系： come/arrive/get to/reach be here I have come here for 3 years.（錯） leave/go be away He has left for 3 hours.（錯） begin/start be on The film has begun for 3 minutes.（錯） open be open / close be closed The shop has opened for 3 years.(錯) die be dead His father has died for 3 years.(錯) finish/end be overHe has finished the work for 3 days.(錯) join be inbe a . I have joined the army for 3 years.（錯）I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years. buy /catch have I have bought the bike for 3 years.（錯） He has caught a cold for 3 days.（錯） borrow,lend keepI have borrowed the book for 3 years. （錯） 還有其它的歸納如下：break be broken get up be up marry be married become be lose be lost 5、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還常用于下列句型：主語have / has beenfor短語 He has been to Shanghai for three years. It is一段時間since從句 (過去時) It is two days since I arrived here. It is一段時間that從句 (現(xiàn)在完成時) It is two yearss that we have lived here.This That is the first(second,third.)time +現(xiàn)在完成時的句子This is the best book I have ever read. 這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最好的一本書。It is the first time I have played the computer games. 這是我第一次玩電腦游戲?，F(xiàn)在完成時基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)一 （現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的標(biāo)志語用法）三. 用所給的單詞填空。 A. 用 already或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures _? No, not _.2) Most of us have finished our compositions _3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _.B.用 since或 for1) We have learned five lessons _ the beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital _last week.3) I have stayed at my aunts _two weeks.C. 用have gone to 或 have been to 或者h(yuǎn)ave been in1) Where are the boy students ? They _ to the school factory.2) Is your father in ? No, he _ _ Shenzhen. _he ever _ there before ? Yes, he _ there several times3) He asked me if I _ Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ to that city before.4）When did he arrived there? He arrived there ten years ago.He there for ten years. 5)Tom arrived in Beijign five years . He Beijing for five years .6) Wheres Lucy? She home. 7) Jack here twice.現(xiàn)在完成時基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)二 (動詞的過去式和過去分詞)寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞 see_ drive _ let_ carry_ keep_ join_ find_ think_ teach_ catch_ study drop cry- _ come buy leave finish _ fall _ meet say lend throw kick stop_ 現(xiàn)在完成時基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)三（謂語動詞的變化形式）1. Every student _ (see) the film already.2. Kent and I _ (write) a song before.3. Dick _ (do) the work these days.4. The people in the mountains _ never _ (see) films.5. Patty _ (buy) a magazine about the school life.6. The actress _ (live) here all her life.7. The glass is broken. Who _ (break) this glass?8. Finally the workers _ (finish) that job.9. _ you _ (borrow) the book we talked abut last time?10. Theres no more wine in the bottle. They _ (drink) all of it.11._ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? No, never.12.My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.13.Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.14.Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _ (become) a large city.15.I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.16.So far I _(make) quite a few friends.17.How long _ the Wangs _ (stay) here ? He (stay) here for ten hours.18. You know, I (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.19.Thanks a lot. Its sunny again. It _(rain) for a long time.20._Mr. Li _(live) here since 8 years old?21.Since Mr. Li came here, he _(teach) in this school.22.Is your mother at home? -No, she _(go) to work.23.Her mother _(become)a doctor in 1970. She _(work) in the hospital since 26 years old.24.He _(teach) English here since we _(see) him 5 years ago.25Ive lost my cat. _you ever _(see) it anywhere?26.My parents are not at home. They _(leave) for Shanghai.27.Wait here, please. The train _(not arrive) yet.28.Where is my dictionary? -Li Ping _(take) it away.29.I _(lose) my pen, and I _(look)for it now.30.I _(not see) such a strange thing before.現(xiàn)在完成時基礎(chǔ)性練習(xí)四（延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換）1. The factory opened ten years ago.（同義句） The factory _ _ _ for ten years. The factory since ten years ago.2.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就劃線部分提問) _ _ _ _ they _ the classroom this week? They have cleaned the room twice a week. (就劃線部分提問) _ _ _ they _ the classroom this week? 3. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. （同義句） My father _ _ _ England _.4 .John left three years ago. （同義句） John_ _ _ _ three years.John since three years agoIt since John left.5 His company closed in 2003. （同義句） His company _ _ _ _ 2003.6. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同義句） My father _ _ _ the car for _ My father _ _ _ the car half a year ago.7、The old man died last year. （同義句）He for a year. (die) He since last year (die) It since .8、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句) This factory _ _ for twenty years. This factory since twenty years ago 9、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ _ the Party three years _ .10、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France . The Green Family France since two years ago.11、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (合并句子) _ 現(xiàn)在完成時綜合性練習(xí)一一用括號單詞的正確形式填空。1. Tom _ (leave) a message for you. He _ (call) last night.2. I _ (see) the movie once before. I _ (love) it a lot.3. A: _you（/hear) the news? B: yes, I _.A: Who _ (tell) you the news? B: Li Ming _ (do)A: When _he (tell) you? B: Two hours ago.4.I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.5._ he _(finish) his work today ? Not yet .6._ you _(be) to Hong Kong ? Yes, I _ (be) there twice .7. My sister _ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year. My sister _ (stay) in Beijing for three months.8. The little boy is dirty all over because he _ (play) in the mud all the morning. 9. How many times _you _(be) to Beijing?-Only once. I _(go) there two years ago.10. Its the third time that I _(see) him this month.11.He joined the Party in 1990. He _(be) a party member for 10 years.12.Its the most instructive lecture that I _(attend)since I (come)to this school.13.How long _Uncle Wang _(work) in this factory? -Since 1995.14._you _(mend) your bike? -Yes. I (mend) it a moment ago.15. Ill tell him the news that our class _(win) already.16.She _(stay) here for over 5 years.17.The box is empty. Who _(eat) all the cakes?18.He has found his bike .When _he _(find) it?19. Her sister _ (go) to Shanghai. She _ (leave) this morning.20.My friend Wang Hai often _ (swim) in the river.My friend Wang Hai _ (swim) in the river for ten years.My friend Wang Hai _ (swim) in the river yesterday.21.The teacher _ (reach) Beijing two days ago. The teacher _ (be) in Beijing for two days.二 每處劃線中有錯誤，在題后改正1. Jim has bought the book for just 3 days.2. Uncle Wang has died for 3 years.3. I have gone to Beijing three times.4. Jim isnt here. He has been to Beijing. He went there this morning.5. She has lived there since 8 years.6. Has he been a teacher for 1990?7. I lived here since 3 months ago.8. Have you finished the work yet? -Yes, I did.9. Jims brothers has made many kinds of kites.10. He has taken the books away. 現(xiàn)在完成時綜合性練習(xí)二1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . Ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone10、-_ you _ your homework yet ? -Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished.Have ; done ; finished.Have ; done ; have finished.will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、-Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13、-How long have you _ here ? -About two months . been . gone . come . arrived have you been here ? -About two months . How soon . How often . How long . How far14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . Began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . WasIt _ ten years since he left the army . . has . has been . have . have been16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 現(xiàn)在完成時綜合性練習(xí)二（走進(jìn)高考）1. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B.