bit、little、few的區(qū)別.doc

小知識(shí)點(diǎn)Jaylinnbit、little、few的區(qū)別little adj. 小的；很少的 adv. 完全不；不多；有點(diǎn) n. 少許，不多 quant. 一點(diǎn) pron. 少量，一點(diǎn)兒； few adj. 很少的；幾乎沒有的 pron. 很少 n. 很少數(shù)，幾個(gè)bit adj. 很小的；微不足道的 adv. 有點(diǎn)兒；相當(dāng) quant. 一點(diǎn) n. 小塊，一個(gè)a little/little + 不可數(shù)名詞 a few/few + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 a few /a little 表肯定，（一點(diǎn)/一些） few / little 表否定（幾乎沒有） a little + 不可數(shù)名詞 = a bit of + 不可數(shù)名詞 quite a few 很多only a little/a few 很少a bit/a little 修飾動(dòng)詞not a bitnot at all，意為一點(diǎn)也不；not a littlevery much，意為十分、相當(dāng)、極其。a bit與a littleI. 相同之處 1. a bit與a little都可作程度副詞，表示稍微、一點(diǎn)兒的意思，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、比較級(jí)等，二者可以互換。Will you please turn down the radio a bit/a little?(動(dòng)詞)請(qǐng)你把收音機(jī)聲音關(guān)小一點(diǎn)好嗎？ Shes a bit/a little afraid of the teacher.(形容詞)她有點(diǎn)怕老師。 Her mother feels a bit/a little better today.(比較級(jí))她母親今天感覺好一些。 The speaker spoke up a bit/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演講者把嗓門提高了一點(diǎn)兒,以便使別人聽得更清楚。 2. for a bit和for a little意思相同，相當(dāng)于for a while或for a short time，可互換，表示“一會(huì)兒” Lets rest for a bit/a little.讓我們休息一下。 II. 不同之處 1. a little直接修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而a bit修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)只能用a bit ofTom has a little money./Tom has a bit of money. 湯姆有一點(diǎn)錢。 當(dāng)a little修飾的名詞前有the, this, that, 所有格等限定詞時(shí)，也要用a little of的結(jié)構(gòu)I want to drink a little of that drink. 我想喝點(diǎn)那種飲料。 2. not a bitnot at all，意為一點(diǎn)也不；not a littlevery much，意為十分、相當(dāng)、極其。He is not a bit tired. 他一點(diǎn)不累。 He is not a little tired. 他很累。3. a bit of的另一種形式是bits of，a little則沒有這種變體。Besides this, he used part of an old army wireless set, and some bits of wood.除此之外,他還利用了一部分舊的軍用無線電發(fā)報(bào)機(jī)的一部分零件和一些木片。 4. a bit通常修飾表示“令人不快”的形容詞，例如sad, silly, cold, hungry, angry, difficult, heavy, expensive等; a little則無論褒貶都可以修飾：The song is a bit sad. 這首歌有點(diǎn)傷感。Mary is a little older but a little more beautiful than Ann. 瑪麗比安年紀(jì)更大但是更漂亮。Everyone seemed a little nervous. 每個(gè)人看起來都有點(diǎn)緊張。little, a little, few, a fewa little/little + 不可數(shù)名詞： a little salt/little salt 一點(diǎn)鹽沒多少鹽 a few/few + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞： a few people/few people 有幾個(gè)人沒幾個(gè)人a few / a little 表肯定，（一點(diǎn)/一些）few / little 表否定（幾乎沒有） 這四種形式可單獨(dú)使用或與of連用： -Sugar？-要糖嗎？ -A little, please. -請(qǐng)給一點(diǎn)兒。 Only a few of these are any good. 這其中只有幾個(gè)用得著。 any adv. 稍微，些許a little指少量或者說話人認(rèn)為少的量； a few指小數(shù)目或者說話人認(rèn)為小的數(shù)目。 only放在a littlea few之前，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人認(rèn)為該數(shù)量的確很小。 Only a few of our customers have accounts. 我們的顧客中只有少數(shù)人是記賬的。 quite放在a few之前增大了這個(gè)數(shù)量： I have quite a few books on art. 我有不少關(guān)于藝術(shù)的書。（許多書） little和few意為很少或沒有，幾乎具有否定意義： There was little time for consultation. 幾乎沒有時(shí)間商量。 Little is known about the side-effects of this drug. 這種藥物有些什么副作用，現(xiàn)在還不大清楚。 Few towns have such splendid trees. 有這么好看的樹木的城市不多。 little和few的這種用法主要限于書面英語（可能由于在日常會(huì)話中l(wèi)ittle和few容易被誤認(rèn)為是 a little/a few）。在日常會(huì)話中l(wèi)ittle和few通常由hardly any替代，也可以由 動(dòng)詞否定式 + much/many替代： We saw little. 我們沒有看到什么。相當(dāng)于： We saw hadly anything./We didnt see much. 我們幾乎什么都沒有看到。 Tourists come here but few stay overnight. 有游客到這里來，但很少有人過夜。相當(dāng)于： Tourists come here but hadly any stay overnight. 有游客到這里來，但幾乎沒有人在這里過夜。 但如果little和few由so, very, too, extremely, comparatively, relatively等詞修飾，就可以較自由地使用。 fewer也可以更自由地使用。 Im unwilling to try a drug I know so little about. 我不樂意服我知之甚少的藥。 They have too many technicians，we have too few. 他們的技術(shù)員太多，而我們的又太少。 There are fewer butterflies every year. 蝴蝶的數(shù)量每年都在減少。 a littlelittle（作為副詞） It rained a little during the night. 夜里下了一點(diǎn)兒雨。 They grumbled a little about having to wait. 他們?yōu)橐群虮г沽藥拙洹?與具有“令人不快的”意義的形容詞和副詞連用： a little anxious有點(diǎn)兒著急 a little annoyed有點(diǎn)兒不耐煩 a little unwillingly有點(diǎn)兒不情愿地 a little impatiently有點(diǎn)兒不耐心地 與形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)連用： The paper should be a little thicker. 這紙應(yīng)該再厚一點(diǎn)兒。 Cant you walk a little faster？ 你不能走得快一點(diǎn)兒嗎？ rather也可以用于比較級(jí)之前，但a little更常用一些在英語口語中a bit可以在上述例子中用以替代a little 在比較正式的文體中，little主要同better或more連用： His second suggestion was little（=not much） better than his first. 他的第二個(gè)建議比第一個(gè)好不了多少。 He was little（ not much） more than a child when his father died. 他父親去世時(shí)，他差不多還是個(gè)孩子。 在正式的英語中，little可用在某些動(dòng)詞如 expect, know, think等之前： He little expected to find himself in prison. 他幾乎沒有料到自己會(huì)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。 He little thought that one day 他幾乎從不曾想過有一天 注意！像little-known和little-used這樣的形容詞的用法： a little-known painter一個(gè)藉藉無名畫家 a little-used footpath一條幾乎沒有人走的小道但是，(a) little還可表示大小Please accept this little gift. 請(qǐng)接受這件小小的禮物。There are several little towns along the river. 沿河有幾個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。The little boy is very busy. He has little time to play. 這個(gè)小男孩很忙，他很少有時(shí)間玩。Its a little animal. It eats only a little food. 那是一個(gè)小動(dòng)物，它只吃一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)食物。當(dāng)few前不帶 a，但帶有the, some these, those等修飾語時(shí)，也表示肯定意義。如：Some few have already left. 有幾個(gè)已經(jīng)離開了。The last few winters have been very cold. 過去幾個(gè)冬天都很冷。The first few chapters are about his early days. 前幾章談他的少年時(shí)期。注意兩者比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法及區(qū)別：little的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分別為less和least，few的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分別為fewer和fewest。Boys think less about dress than girls do. 男孩子不像女孩子那樣愛打扮。He has the least money of all of us. 他是我們大家中錢最少的。Fewer radios were sold this year than last. 今年賣掉的收音機(jī)比去年少。He tried to finish the work with least money and fewest people. 他設(shè)法要用最少的錢和最少的人去完成這項(xiàng)工作。a little和little修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞，與much相對(duì)，表示“少”；a few和few修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞與many相對(duì)，表示“少”。a little和a few含肯定語氣， little和few含否定語氣。一般說來，在only, just, still, quite, can, not等詞后用a little或a few；在very, so, some, the, no等詞后用lit