歐洲文化入門(一).ppt

Welcome EuropeanCulture AnIntroduction歐洲文化入門 ThePurposeofLearningEuropeanCulture Languagecannotbelearnedwithoutsomeknowledgeoftheculturebehindit Europeancultureitselfisapartofworldculture Someknowledgeofitisnecessarytousascitizensoftheworld Toshowone sopinion Oneself Theleader Oldagelife PurposeforMyCultureClass Learningcultureisnottorecitenumerousinformationsfromtextbook Buttoimproveself cultivation topromoteone sthinkingability thentoprobeourculture smeritsanddefectsfromdifferentculture tothinkaboutwhatweshouldlearnfromothersandwhatothersshouldlearnfromours Sothatwecouldcultivateahabitofthinkingandknowinghowtomakelifemeaningful ForMyPersonalView 文化 不是讓你死記硬背時(shí)間 地點(diǎn) 人物 事件 影響 意義 而是透過不同的文化 探究自身文化的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 從中吸取精華 去除糟粕 來達(dá)到提升自我修養(yǎng) 培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立思考能力的目的 從而讓文化成為我們參悟生活 領(lǐng)會(huì)人生意義的重要渠道 TheOriginofCulture Mesopotamia 兩河流域文明Egyptian 古埃及文明Hebrew 希伯來文明GreekandRoman 希臘與羅馬文化 文化 文明 DivisionOne GreekCultureandRomanCulture TheOrigin Crete 3000B C 克里特島TrojanWar 1200B C 特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)GreekDarkAges 1200B C 800B C ArchaicGreece 800B C 500B C 古風(fēng)時(shí)期ClassicalPeriod 500B C 336B C 古典時(shí)期HellenisticAge 336B C 31B C 希臘化時(shí)代 GreeceandTroy 1 Historicalcontext background WarbetweenGreeceandTroyinabout1 200B C Greekcultureinthe5thcenturyB C CivilwarbetweenAthensandSparta RuleofAlexanderinthe4thcenturyB C In146B C theRomansconqueredGreece 2 SocialandPoliticalStructure Democracy theadultmalecitizensEconomy slavelabor exploitation Sports OlympicGames 3 Homer Homer荷馬 around700B C epic史詩(shī)Iliad 伊利亞特 Odyssey 奧德賽 TodayweseeIliadandtheOdysseyincorporatedintothecourseofalmosteveryhighschoolinAmerica Epic Definition Anepicisalongnarrativepoemofgreatscaleandgrandiosestyleabouttheheroeswhoareusuallywarriorsorevendemigods 簡(jiǎn)言之 史詩(shī)是敘述英雄傳說或重大歷史事件的敘事長(zhǎng)詩(shī) TrojanWar特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) InGreekmythologyandinIliadandOdysseybyHomerAbout1 200B C WarbetweenGreeceandTroyFoughtoverthebeautifulHelenLastedfor10yearsTrojanhorseTroydefeated GreeceandTroy Achilles阿喀琉斯 阿基里斯 Matching GoldappleTrojanhorseAchillesheel DeathfulweaknessBaneIntrudingdestructiveelement Matching key Goldapple BaneTrojanhorse IntrudingdestructiveelementAchillesheel Deathfulweakness 不和的金蘋果 禍根 特洛伊木馬 侵入內(nèi)部的破壞性因素 阿喀琉斯的腳踵 致命的弱點(diǎn) Poetry Poem Verse 詩(shī)歌 Ballad 民謠 Lyric 抒情詩(shī) Epic 史詩(shī) Ode 頌詩(shī) Elegy 挽歌 Pastoral 田園詩(shī) Sonnet 十四行詩(shī) NarrativePoem 敘事詩(shī) BlankVerse 無韻體詩(shī) FreeVerse 自由體詩(shī) 4 Lyric 抒情詩(shī) Definition Alyricisapoemthatexpressesstrongfeeling 4 LyricWriters Sappho about612 580B C 薩福 lovepoemPindar about518 438B C 品達(dá) odes apoemtopraiseandglorifyanindividualorathing 5 Drama Open airtheatres stonebenches lookingdownatthestagefromthreesides actorswithmasks mask masque假面劇 ThreeGreatestTragedyWriter a Aeschylus 埃斯庫(kù)羅斯 b Sophocles 索?？死账?c Euripides 歐里庇得斯 a Aeschylus 525 456B C 埃斯庫(kù)羅斯 The FatherofTragedy oneofthethreegreatancientGreektragedians古希臘悲劇之父PrometheusBound 被縛的普羅米修斯 PrometheusBound BasedonthemythofPrometheus atitan泰坦神族人whogavethegiftoffiretomortalsandwaspunishedbythegodZeus Matching Prometheus MartyrtothecauseofhumanPandora sbox Rootofalldisaster b Sophocles 496 406B C 索?？死账?SecondofthethreegreattragediansofclassicalAthensOedipustheKing 俄狄浦斯王 StrongimpactonEuropeanliterature theOedipuscomplex 俄狄浦斯情結(jié) Matching Oedipuscomplex俄狄浦斯情結(jié) complexfeelingtowardparentsorbetweenaccidentandnecessitySphinx sriddle斯芬克斯之謎 somethingofpersonthathardtounderstand c Euripides 484 406B C 歐里庇得斯 ThirdofthethreegreattragediansofclassicalAthens thefirstwriterof problemplays 社會(huì)問題劇concernedwithconflicts originofrealismAndromache Medea TrojanWomen d Comedy Aristophanes 阿里斯托芬450 380B C ancientGreekComicdramatist theFatherofComedy11plays Frogs Clouds Wasps Birds 6 History Herodotus希羅多德 TheGreekhistoricalwritingwritesmainlyaboutwars Herodotus 484 430B C AncientGreekhistorian FatherofHistory 古希臘歷史學(xué)家 歷史之父 7 Philosophyandscience IntroductionTheancientGreeks curiosityaboutthings freeenquiry imagination Introduction ThePre SocratesGreekPhilosophersPythagoras畢達(dá)哥拉斯Heracleitue赫拉克利特Democritus德莫克里特 Pythagoras畢達(dá)哥拉斯 FounderofscientificmathematicsthefatherofnumbersToPythagoras Allthingswerenumbers Heracleitue赫拉克利特 AncientGreekphilosopherFireistheprimaryelementoftheuniverse 火是萬物之源 Youcannotsteptwiceintothesameriver Thesunisneweveryday 人不能第二次踏進(jìn)同一條河流 Democritus德莫克里特 Theearliestmateriamlist GettheEnglishwordatom TheGreatestPhilosophers Socrates蘇格拉底Plato柏拉圖Aristotle亞里士多德 a Socrates蘇格拉底 Socrates 470 399B C DialecticalMethod辯證法 StoryTime Whatislove Whatismarriage Whatisaffair 艷遇 Whatishappiness Whatislife b Plato 428 348B C 柏拉圖 Dialogues 對(duì)話錄 Idealism 唯心主義 Influence absorbedintoChristianthought PlatonicLove 柏拉圖式愛情 追求心靈溝通 排斥肉體欲望 是一種理性的精神上的純潔戀愛 c Aristotle 384 322B C 亞里士多德 AncientGreekphilosopher astudentofPlatoandteacherofAlexandertheGreatThegreathumanistandthegreatmanofscienceWorks Ethics Politics Poetics andRhetoric 詩(shī)學(xué) AristotleandPlato p28 DifferencesbetweenPlatoandAristotle 1 Aristotle theoryshouldfollowfactPlato subjectivethinkingisimportant2 Aristotle idea matter realityPlato ideaishigherthanphysicalworld d ContendingSchoolsofThought Sophists智者派 Protagoras普羅泰戈拉FourschoolstheCynics犬儒派theSceptics懷疑派theEpicureans伊壁鳩魯派 享樂派 andtheStoics斯多葛派 e Science Euclid歐幾里德 Elements geometryArchimedes阿基米德 Euclid歐幾里德 TheFatherofGeometry Elements atextbookofgeometry Archimedes阿基米德 AncientGreekmathematician physicistandengineer Givemeaplacetostand andIwillmovetheworld 8 Art architecture sculptureandpottery 多立克柱式 Doricorder Parthenon帕德農(nóng)神廟 AcropolisofAthens雅典衛(wèi)城 愛奧尼克柱式 Ionicorder 伊瑞克提翁神廟 Erechtheion 科林斯柱式 Corinthainorder 列雪格拉德音樂紀(jì)念亭 擲鐵餅者 米洛的維納斯 拉奧孔人物組圖 陶器 9 Impact SpiritofInnovationSupremeachievementLasingeffect II RomanCulture RomansandGreeksRomanhistoryLatinliteratureArchitecture paintingandsculpture 1 RomansandGreeks 146BC RomanconquestofGreeceLanguagesoftheRomanEmpire Latin western andGreek eastern SimilaritiesbetweenRomansandGreeks democracy religion languagesDifferences p37 CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive Horace被俘虜?shù)南ＥD使野蠻的征服者成了她的俘虜 2 Romanhistory Theyear27BC Rome republic theRomanEmpirePaxRomana Latinfor theRomanpeace between27BCand180AD Romanlaw 3rdcenturyBC羅馬法學(xué)Declineinthe3rdcenturyTheemperorConstantinemovedthecapitalfromRometoByzantium拜占庭 Constantinople君士坦丁堡 Istanbul伊斯坦布爾 DividedintoEast theByzantineEmpire andtheWestin395In476 endoftheWestRomanEmpire bytheGothsIn1453 endoftheEastRomanEmpire bytheTurks 3 Latinliterature ProseMarcusTulliusCicero西塞羅JuliusCaesar凱撒PoetryLucretius盧克萊修Virgil維吉爾 ProseandPoetry Proseiswritingdistinguishedfrompoetrybyitsgreatervarietyofrhythmanditscloserresemblancetothepatternsofeverydayspeech Poetryisaformofartinwhichlanguageisusedforitsaesthetic 審美的 andevocative 共鳴的 qualitiesinadditiontoitsostensible 表面的 meaning ProseandPoetry Proseiswritingastory eitherfictionornonfiction Prosewritingmostoftenfollowsstandardrulesingrammar punctuation capitalization andsentencestructure Poetryreferstopoems withorwithoutrhymeschemes Poetryhasrhythm likeasong Itusuallyfollowsasetpattern rhymeschemeandmeter Prose M T Cicero 西塞羅 106 43BC Romanorator lawyer politician andphilosopher羅馬最偉大的演說家 教育家和天才作家Ciceronian eloquent oratoricalmannerofwriting西塞羅式Nomancanbebravewhoconsiderspaint