高級(jí)英語(yǔ)2-lesson 1課后練習(xí)答案.doc

Pub Talk and the Kings English 課后練習(xí)題答案 （部分）.1.A good conversation does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go. A good conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. When people become serious and talk as if they have something very important to say, when they argue to convince or to win their point, the conversation is spoiled.2. The writer likes bar conversation very much because he has spent a lot of time in pubs and is used to this kind of conversation. Bar friends are companions, not intimates. They are friends but not intimate enough to be curious about each others private life and thoughts.3. No. Conversation does not need a focus. But when a focal subject appears in the natural flow of conversation, the conversation becomes vivid, lively and more interesting.4. The people talked about Australia because the speaker who introduced the subject mentioned incidentally that it was an Australian who had given her such a definition of the Kings English. When the people talked about the resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for English as it should be spoken, the conversation moved to Norman England because at that time a language barrier existed between the Saxon peasants and the Norman conquerors.5. The Saxon peasants and their Norman conquerors used different words for the same thing. For examples see paragraph 9.6. “The Kings English” was regarded as a form 0f racial discrimination during the Norman rule in England about 115413997The writer thinks “the Kings English” is a class representation of reality1t is worth trying to speak “the Kings English”，but it should not be 1aid down as an edict，and made immune to change from belowThe Kings English is a model a rich and instructive one- but it ought not to be an ultimatum8During the Norman period，the ruling class spoke Anglo French while the peasants spoke their native Saxon language Language bears the stamp of the class that uses itThe Kings English today refers to the language used by the upper，educated class in EnglandIII1And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings 2Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view3In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view 4People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each others lives5The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong6These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eatwe call their meat beef 7The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers8The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more9The phrase，the Kings English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people10 There still exists in the working people，as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class11There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to representFor example，the word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animalWe mustnt regard the word “dog” as being the animal itselfIV. A. 1. on the rocks： metaphor，comparing a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks2get out of bed on the wrong side：be in a bad temper for the day3on wings：metaphor，comparing conversation to a bird flying and soaring It means the conversation soon became spirited and exciting4turn up ones nose at: scorn；show scorn for5into the shoes： metaphor， think as if one were wearing the shoes of the Saxon peasant, i.e. as if one were a Saxon peasant 6. come into ones own: receive what properly belongs to one，especially acclaim or recognition 7sit up at：(colloquial) become suddenly alert and take notice of B.1ignorant指缺乏知識(shí)，可以是就整體而言(如 an ignorant man)，也可以是就某一具體方面或問(wèn)題而言(如 ignorant of the reason of their quarrel對(duì)他們爭(zhēng)吵的起因毫無(wú)所知)；illiterate意為缺乏文化修養(yǎng)，尤指讀寫(xiě)能力的缺乏； uneducated指沒(méi)有受到正規(guī)的、系統(tǒng)的學(xué)校教育；unlearned意為學(xué)問(wèn)不富(未必?zé)o知)，既可指一無(wú)所長(zhǎng)，又可指某一方面所知有限，如unlearned in science，意為對(duì)科學(xué)懂得有限，但對(duì)其他學(xué)科，如文學(xué)、哲學(xué)等，倒可能是很精通的。 2scoff指對(duì)某事疑惑不信或缺乏尊敬而用無(wú)禮、輕蔑的言詞或加以嘲笑；sneer側(cè)重于面部表情或語(yǔ)氣中所含的輕蔑嘲笑之意：jeer側(cè)重指用粗俗的、侮辱性的言詞或粗魯?shù)某?笑來(lái)表示輕侮；gibe通常指不帶惡意的取笑或作弄人的笑罵；flout主要指以不理不睬或視而不見(jiàn)的態(tài)度表示出的輕侮蔑視。 C.1No one knows how the conversation will go as it moves aimlessly and peacefully or as it becomes spirited and exciting.2. It is not a matter of interest if they are in a bad temper.3. Bar friends, although they met each other frequently, did not dig into each others lives or their innermost thoughts and feelings. 4. Suddenly the magic in the conversation took place. 5. The conversation suddenly became spirited and exciting. 6. We ought to think as the Saxon peasants did at that time. 7. I have always had an eager interest in dictionaries. 8. Even the most educated and literate people fall into errors in their conversation (implying: they do not use standard, formal English all the time .) 9. Otherwise one will tie up the conversation and will not let it go on freely.10. We would never have talked about Australia or the language barrier in the time of the Norman Conquest.Read, think and comment Coherence and unity can be enhanced by continuity in the paragraph. Continuity gives writing a sense of smoothness. Good organization is essential for continuity, because the clear, logical arrangement makes the order of thought easy to follow. But good transitions also help to make the writing smooth. The three common transitional devices are: pronoun reference, repetition of important words,