DeviceNet的故障排除.doc

DeviceNet的故障排除 DeviceNet will not function correctly if design rules are not followed. DeviceNet的將無(wú)法正常工作，如果不遵循的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)則。 Even a Network previously thought 即使是以前認(rèn)為的網(wǎng)絡(luò) to be functioning correctly may begin to exhibit abnormal or anomalous operation due to incorrect system 要正確運(yùn)作可能會(huì)開始表現(xiàn)出異常的運(yùn)作不正?；蛞虿徽_的系統(tǒng) design. 設(shè)計(jì)。 The following are tips to help locate and correct these abnormalities. 下面的提示，以幫助查找和糾正這些異常。 For specific DeviceNet System Installation Information. 對(duì)于特定的DeviceNet系統(tǒng)的安裝信息。 Please refer to publication DN-6.7.2 entitled 請(qǐng)參見出版物的DN - 6.7.2題為 DeviceNet Planning and Installation Manual. “DeviceNet的規(guī)劃和安裝手冊(cè)”。 Manuals can be ordered via the Automation Bookstore on the Internet at 手冊(cè)可以下令在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上通過(guò)自動(dòng)化書店“ or your local Allen-Bradley distributor or sales office. “或您當(dāng)?shù)氐腁llen - Bradley分銷商或銷售辦事處。 Termination Resistors: 終端電阻： A termination resistor equal to 121 Ohms 1% , 1/4W must be attached at each end of the Trunk cable. 終止121歐姆的電阻等于1，碳膜必須附加在每個(gè)月底的干線電纜。 The The resistors must be connected across the Blue & White wires of the DeviceNet cable. 電阻必須跨接電線的DeviceNet電纜的藍(lán)與白。 Resistor connection can be verified by disconnecting DeviceNet power and measuring the resistance across 電阻連接可以驗(yàn)證DeviceNet電源斷開，并通過(guò)測(cè)量電阻 the Can_H & Can_L lines (Blue & White Wire). 在Can_HCan_L線（藍(lán)與白線）。 This reading should be approximately 60 Ohms. 該讀數(shù)應(yīng)大約60歐姆。 Important: The DeviceNet network will not operate correctly without terminating Resistors. 重要事項(xiàng)：在DeviceNet網(wǎng)絡(luò)不會(huì)正確操作電阻不終止。 Termination 終止 resistors can be ordered from your local Allen-Bradley Distributor using the part number 1485A- 電阻可從網(wǎng)上訂購(gòu)當(dāng)?shù)氐腁llen - Bradley經(jīng)銷商使用 零件編號(hào)1485A - C2 . C2的 。 Page 2 第2頁(yè) Network Grounding: 網(wǎng)絡(luò)接地： The DeviceNet cable must by grounded at only one location. 在DeviceNet電纜必須接地的位置只有一個(gè)。 This should be done closest to the center of the 這應(yīng)該是做最接近的中心 network. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 connect the network Shield and Drain wire to an earth ground using #8 AWG wire up to a 連接網(wǎng)絡(luò)屏蔽和排水管線到接地使用8 AWG導(dǎo)線多達(dá) maximum 3m ( 10Ft ) in length.Also connect the V- conductor ( Black Wire) of the network trunk cable and 最大3米）在length.Also（10英尺連接的V -導(dǎo)體的網(wǎng)絡(luò)干線電纜（黑線）和 the DC ground of the power supply to this ground connection. 直流接地的接地連接的電源這一點(diǎn)。 Power Supplies: 電源： DeviceNet requires 24VDC. DeviceNet的需要24V直流。 Use a power supply rated 24VDC (+/- 1% ). 使用額定24V直流電源（+ / - 1）。 Make sure the power supply has 確保電力供應(yīng) its own current limit protection. 它自己的電流限制保護(hù)。 Provide fuse protection for each segment of the cable system. 熔斷器保護(hù)提供電纜系統(tǒng)為每個(gè)段。 DeviceNet DeviceNet的 requires a power supply to have a rise time of less then 250mS to within 5% of its rated output voltage. 需要一個(gè)電源輸出電壓范圍內(nèi)有5上升到其額定一時(shí)間小于250毫秒。 The The power supply must be sized correctly to provide each device with its required power. 電源必須正確地提供各種大小的動(dòng)力裝置，其所需。 Important: The power supply should be used to power the DeviceNet network only.When multiple power 重要事項(xiàng)：應(yīng)使用電源供電DeviceNet網(wǎng)絡(luò)only.When多個(gè)電源 supplies are required, verify that the V+ connection is broken between the supplies. 供應(yīng)需要，驗(yàn)證了V +連接用品打破之間。 Please refer to the 請(qǐng)參閱“ DeviceNet Planning and Installation Manual for more specific installation procedures. DeviceNet的規(guī)劃和安裝程序手冊(cè)“的更具體的安裝。 Examine the System Design of the Installation 檢查安裝系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) Walk the network if possible to determine the actual layout. 漫步在網(wǎng)絡(luò)如果能夠確定實(shí)際的布局。 ( Make a sketch of the network ) （使網(wǎng)絡(luò)示意圖） Check number of nodes 檢查節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù) Check cumulative drop length 檢查長(zhǎng)度累計(jì)下降 Check individual drop lengths 檢查個(gè)體長(zhǎng)度下降 Check branched drop length 檢查支下降的長(zhǎng)度 Check total trunk length, including long drop near the ends 檢查總干線長(zhǎng)度，包括附近的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的跌落完 Check the termination location and measure the terminators 檢查終止位置，測(cè)量的終結(jié) Check the power supply cable length and gauge 檢查電源線的長(zhǎng)度和壓力表 Check for one, and only one, earth ground of the V- and shield 檢查一，且只有一個(gè)地球地面的V -和盾牌 Break the combination shield/V- connection to frame ground and verify 1.0 Mohm to frame ground 打破框架組合shield/V-連接到地面，并驗(yàn)證 1.0兆歐到幀地 Check for one and only one V- to shield connection 檢查一個(gè)且只有一個(gè)V型屏蔽連接 Break the shield/V- connection at the power supply and verify 1.0 Mohm shield to V- with 24VDC off 打破連接電源shield/V-在和驗(yàn)證 1.0兆歐盾至V與24V直流關(guān)閉 Check for shorts of CAN- and/or CAN+ to shield or V- verify with an OHM meter 檢查的CAN短褲的CAN和/或+來(lái)屏蔽或V -驗(yàn)證與一歐姆表 Check the length and gauge of the earth ground connection 檢查的長(zhǎng)度和規(guī)范的接地連接 Check total power load and its distribution points 檢查總用電負(fù)荷及分布點(diǎn) Page 3 第3頁(yè) Check the Power 檢查電源 Check trunk and drop current limits 檢查干線和降電流限制 Check type (size and length) of cable bringing power into the trunk 檢查類型和長(zhǎng)度）的電纜（主干力量的大小將進(jìn)入 Measure the 24V supply at the middle and ends of the network 測(cè)量中的24V電源和網(wǎng)絡(luò)兩端 Consider spot checking the power for noise with an oscilloscope 考慮抽查示波器噪聲功率為一 The 24 VDC Network Power for DeviceNet Must be for the DeviceNet network only. 24伏直流電源用于DeviceNet網(wǎng)絡(luò)必須為DeviceNet網(wǎng)絡(luò)而已。 Check the Wiring 檢查接線 Check lead dress in junction boxes 檢查接線盒穿著鉛 Check that connectors are screwed together tightly 檢查接口是否擰緊在一起 Check that glands are screwed tightly 檢查腺體擰緊 Check for foreign material (electrical tape, RTV, etc.) in glands 檢查是否有異物磁帶，廣播電視大學(xué)等），腺（電 Check that nodes are not touching extremely hot or cold surfaces 檢查節(jié)點(diǎn)不接觸極熱或極冷的表面 Check that cables are kept a few inches away from power wiring 檢查電纜是否遠(yuǎn)離電源線幾英寸 Check that cables are not draped on electric motors, relays, contactors or solenoids 檢查電纜沒(méi)有披上電磁鐵電動(dòng)馬達(dá)，繼電器，接觸器或 Check that cables are not constrained so as to place excessive tension on connectors 檢查電纜沒(méi)有約束，以連接器上的過(guò)度緊張的地方 Wiggle connectors to provoke intermittent failures 威格爾連接挑起間歇性故障 Check the Scanner Configuration 檢查掃描儀配置 Verify the scanlist 驗(yàn)證掃描列表 Baud Rate 波特率 Node Address 節(jié)點(diǎn)地址 Series/Revision of the 1747/1771-SDN scanner 系列/修改的1747/1771-SDN掃描儀 Check the Nodes 檢查節(jié)點(diǎn) Drop 24V supply, re-power and reset the scanner to initialize the network 降24V電源，重新啟動(dòng)并復(fù)位初始化網(wǎng)絡(luò)掃描儀 Examine the scanner display codes to identify problem nodes. 檢查掃描儀顯示的代碼，以確定問(wèn)題的節(jié)點(diǎn)。 ( Reference the SDN manual for a description of these cod （參考手冊(cè)中的這些化學(xué)需氧量供需為一個(gè)描述 es ) 胚胎干） At problem nodes 在有問(wèn)題的節(jié)點(diǎn) Blinking GREEN means the node is not being allocated by the scanner 閃爍 綠色表示該節(jié)點(diǎn)沒(méi)有被分配的掃描儀 Check that the node is in the scan list 檢查節(jié)點(diǎn)在掃描列表 Check that the scanner is not bus off 檢查掃描儀是不是總線關(guān)閉 Check if connection is timing out 檢查連接超時(shí) Page 4 第4頁(yè) Blinking RED means no communication 閃爍的 紅色表示沒(méi)有溝通 Check for missing power on all nodes 檢查所有節(jié)點(diǎn)的電源失蹤 Check if all other nodes are disconnected 檢查所有其他節(jié)點(diǎn)都斷開 Check node baud rate ( Bad baud rate does not always cause buss off ) 檢查節(jié)點(diǎn)波特率（波特率錯(cuò)誤并不總是導(dǎo)致巴斯關(guān)閉） Check scanner, if it is bus off ( code 91 ) communications connection with the node has then timed out. 檢查掃描儀，如果是節(jié)點(diǎn)總線關(guān)閉（代碼91）的通訊連接，然后與已超時(shí)。 Recycle 24V supply and then reset scanner. 回收24V電源，然后重新掃描儀。 If scanner goes bus off again, The problem is some combination of 如果掃描儀云巴士再次起飛，但問(wèn)題是一些組合 Defective node 有缺陷的節(jié)點(diǎn) Node baud rate 節(jié)點(diǎn)波特率 Bad topology 壞的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) Bad connections 接觸不良 Bad scanner 壞掃描儀 Bad power 壞電源 Bad grounding 接地不良 Bad electrical noise 壞電噪聲 Solid RED light at power-up means two nodes have the same address Solid RED after allocation means bus off Check baud rate -在紅色上固體光功率是指兩個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)具有相同的地址分配方式固紅繼率總線關(guān)閉檢查波特- If the problem persists, replace node ( Be sure to set the address and baud rate on the replacement node ) 如果問(wèn)題仍然存在，替換節(jié)點(diǎn)（一定要設(shè)置地址和更換節(jié)點(diǎn)波特率上） If the symptoms persist 若癥狀持續(xù) Replace T-Tap 取代T -塔 Check topology 檢查的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) Check power for noise with oscilloscope or power disturbance analyzer 檢查電源分析儀與示波器或電源噪聲干擾 Page 5 第5頁(yè) Points to Remember 你需要記住的 Pressing the reset button on the scanner does not reset the network 按復(fù)位按鈕，掃描儀不重置網(wǎng)絡(luò) Cycling the rack power does not reset the network 騎自行車機(jī)架功率不重置網(wǎng)絡(luò) When using a DeviceLink a bus off (solid RED ) condition can only be cleared by cycling the 24V power 當(dāng)使用DeviceLink條件總線關(guān)閉（純 紅色 ）只能清除循環(huán)的24V電源 Cycling power on the network will cause the scanner to go bus off 騎自行車網(wǎng)絡(luò)接通會(huì)導(dǎo)致掃描儀去總線關(guān)閉 DeviceNet 9000 bus off (solid RED ) condition can be cleared by cycling the 24V power or by pressing the program button for 9000的DeviceNet總線關(guān)閉（純 紅色 ）條件可用于清除循環(huán)的24V電源或按程序按鈕 several seconds 幾秒鐘 Extreme care must be given to the task of setting initial addresses and baud rates because one incorrect node address or incorrect 必須特別小心給予利率任務(wù)設(shè)置初始地址和波特率，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)不正確或不正確的節(jié)點(diǎn)地址 baud rate will cause other nodes to appear to be bad (solid RED ). 波特率將導(dǎo)致其他節(jié)點(diǎn)似乎是壞的（純 紅色 ）。 If the scanner is bus off (code 91), nodes will not reallocate (flashing GREEN or RED ) even if they are functioning correctly 如果掃描儀是總線關(guān)閉（代碼91），節(jié)點(diǎn)將不會(huì)重新分配（閃爍的 綠色或紅色 ），即使它們運(yùn)行正常 DeviceNet manager and a 1770-KFD can be used to identify the functioning nodes on the network. DeviceNet的經(jīng)理和1770 -科威特消防局可用于識(shí)別網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的運(yùn)作節(jié)點(diǎn)。 If a node goes bus off (solid RED for DeviceLink), and is replaced and still goes bus off, the problem is not the node but rather 如果一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn) ） 巴士?jī)?yōu)惠（純 紅色 DeviceLink，而被替換，但是她總線關(guān)閉，問(wèn)題是不是節(jié)點(diǎn)，而是 the setting of the address or baud rate OR a network wide problem related to topology, grounding, electrical noise or an 拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)置的地址或波特率或網(wǎng)絡(luò)范圍內(nèi)的問(wèn)題有關(guān)，接地，電氣噪音或一 intermittent node 間歇性的節(jié)點(diǎn) MORE TROUBLESHOOTING TIPS 更多疑難排解提示 Try to distinguish, as soon as possible, a device problem from a media problem. 試圖分辨，盡快，媒體問(wèn)題的設(shè)備問(wèn)題從。 Try to reduce the system to the smallest size which still exhibits the problem. 盡量減少系統(tǒng)的最小尺寸仍然展品的問(wèn)題。 This can be done by removing nodes, drops, taps, or lengths of trunk. 這可通過(guò)刪除節(jié)點(diǎn)，滴，水龍頭，或樹干長(zhǎng)度的。 Use substitution where possible to rule things out, But be careful! 使用替代排除在可能的事情了，但要小心！ Real Case: 真實(shí)個(gè)案： Product A works with Product B and not with Product C. 產(chǎn)品A的工程與產(chǎn)品B和C不與產(chǎn)品 We conclude that the problem is with Product C - WRONG! 我們的結(jié)論是，問(wèn)題C是與產(chǎn)品-錯(cuò)誤！ The problem was with product A., Product C was operating correctly, But just happened to be susceptible to the fault in 問(wèn)題是與產(chǎn)品A，產(chǎn)品C是運(yùn)行正常，但正好是容易受故障 the product A. 該產(chǎn)品A Do not assume to much! 不要以為到了！ If you suspect a media problem, inspection is always a good first step. 如果您懷疑媒體的問(wèn)題，檢查始終是一個(gè)良好的開端。 Verify lengths, topology, the proper termination ( 驗(yàn)證長(zhǎng)度，拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，正確的終止（ VERY IMPORTANT ). 非常重要 ）。 Most of all check connections.最重要的是檢查連接。 Opens or shorts may be the biggest problem. 打開或短褲可能是最大的問(wèn)題。 On an idle bus ( without traffic ) voltages can indicate problems. 在總線空閑（沒(méi)有交通）電壓可以顯示的問(wèn)題。 CAN_L and CAN_L and CAN_H should be about 2.5 to 3.0 volts relative to V-. CAN_H應(yīng)約2.5至3.0伏特相對(duì)于V -。 If there is traffic, CAN_L will be a little lower, CAN_H a little higher. 如果有交通，CAN_L會(huì)有點(diǎn)低，CAN_H高一點(diǎn)。 Use an OHM meter to check resistance between CAN_H and CAN_L when idle. 使用歐姆表檢查之間的電阻CAN_H and空閑時(shí)CAN_L。 This should be about 60 ohms (two 120 這應(yīng)該是60歐姆（二120 ohm terminators in parallel). 并聯(lián)歐姆終端）。 This value may be as low as 50 ohms if there are many nodes attached. 此值可低至50歐姆如果有很多附加的節(jié)點(diǎn)。 Make sure all wires 確保所有電線 are well attached to the right places. 有良好附著在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤健?The V+ level, relative to V-, should always be between 11 to 25 volts. 采用V +水平，相對(duì)于V -時(shí)，應(yīng)始終在11到25伏。 One common problem people run across is incorrect setting of baud rates and node addresses. 一個(gè)常見的問(wèn)題是人遇到過(guò)的節(jié)點(diǎn)地址設(shè)置不正確的波特率和。 Always verify the nodes 始終驗(yàn)證節(jié)點(diǎn) address and baud rate before installing it on a network. 地址和波特率網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，然后再安裝上。 and try not to change a nodes baud rate while on the network. 并盡量不要改變一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的波特率，而在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。 Do 做 all baud changes on a point to point only connection. 波特在一個(gè)地方所有的變化只連接點(diǎn)。 Page 6 第6頁(yè) Ground Loops 接地回路 Before trying this make sure only one side of the shield is grounded. 嘗試此之前只有一個(gè)盾牌，確保一方的接地。 Use the oscilloscope to determine if there are ground loops in your system.You should NOT see 60 Hz or Harmonics in 使用示波器，以確定是否有接地回路中的諧波在system.You不應(yīng)該看到60 Hz或 your signal. 你的信號(hào)。 Assuming you use DC coupling on the oscilloscope you should see. 假設(shè)你使用直流耦合應(yīng)該看到在示波器上你. 2.8 VDC offset on both Can_High & Can_Low NO Sinusoidal signal ;ie 60 Hz components. 2.8 VDC信號(hào)抵消都Can_High及Can_Low無(wú)正弦，即60赫茲的組件。 DeviceNet Cable DeviceNet電纜 BLACK 黑色 Common 通用 - COM - COM的 BLUE - 藍(lán) - Signal Low 信號(hào)低 - CAN_L - CAN_L Uninsulated 無(wú)絕緣 Shield 盾 - SHIELD -盾構(gòu) WHITE 白 Signal High 信號(hào)高 - CAN_H - CAN_H RED 紅 Power Supply 電源 - VDC+ -直流+ GREEN 綠色 Chassis Ground 機(jī)箱接地 - EARTH GROUND -接地 DeviceNet Connector DeviceNet連接器 Examining the connector with the keyway pointing down. 檢查向下連接器與鍵槽指點(diǎn)。 Number the pins starting at the pin right most to the keyway 引腳數(shù)起在最右邊的腳鍵槽 (1) and continue counter clockwise until you reach pin (5). （1），繼續(xù)逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)，直到你達(dá)到引腳（5）。 PIN 1 PIN碼1 SHIELD 盾構(gòu) GREEN 綠色 PIN 2 引腳2 VDC+ 伏+ RED 紅 PIN 3 引腳3 COM COM的 BLACK 黑色 PIN 4 引腳4 CAN_HIGH CAN_HIGH WHITE 白 PIN 5 密碼5 CAN_LOW CAN_LOW BLUE 藍(lán) Page 7 第7頁(yè) DeviceNet Scanner Status / Error Codes DeviceNet掃描儀狀態(tài)/錯(cuò)誤代碼 The bicolor ( GREEN / RED ) module status indicator displays device status. 在雙色（ 綠色 / 紅色 ）模塊的狀態(tài)指示燈顯示設(shè)備狀態(tài)。 It indicates whether the device has power這表明該設(shè)備是否有電 and is functioning properly. 并且運(yùn)作正常。 Indicator is Then Take this action 指示燈然后采取這一行動(dòng) -|-|-| -|- -|-| Off | There is no power applied to the device. 關(guān)|存在的設(shè)備沒(méi)有通電。 | Apply power. |接通電源。 | | | | Green 綠 | The device is operating in normal condition.| Do nothing. |該設(shè)備在正常運(yùn)行條件。|什么都不做。 | | | | Flashing Green 閃爍 綠色 | The device needs configuring. |該設(shè)備需要配置。 | Configure the device. |配置設(shè)備。 | | | | Flashing Red 閃爍的 紅色 | There is an invalid configuration. |有一個(gè)無(wú)效的配置。 | Verify dip switch |驗(yàn)證DIP開關(guān) | | settings. | |設(shè)置。 | | Check configuration | |檢查組態(tài) | | setup. | |設(shè)置。 | | | | Red 紅 | The device has an unrecoverable fault. |該器件具有一個(gè)不可恢復(fù)的故障。 | Replace the module. |更換模塊。 -|-|-| -|- -|-| The network status indicator is a bicolor ( GREEN / RED ) LED. 該網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一個(gè)雙色狀態(tài)指示燈 （ 綠色 / 紅色 ）領(lǐng)導(dǎo) 。 The following table provides下表提供 troubleshooting information about communication links. 故障排除鏈接信息溝通。 Indicator is Then Which Indicates Take this action 指標(biāo)是則表明采取這項(xiàng)行動(dòng) -|-|-|-| -|-|- -|-| Off | The device has no power or | The channel is |Power-up the scanner, 關(guān)|設(shè)備沒(méi)有權(quán)力或|該頻道|電掃描儀， | the channel is disabled for | disabled for |provide network power |通道已禁用|為殘疾|提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)力量 | communication due to bus off| DeviceNet |to channel, and make |通訊由于關(guān)閉巴士| DeviceNet的|頻道，并 | condition, loss of network | communication |sure channel is |條件，網(wǎng)絡(luò)損失|通信|肯定通道 | power, or has been | |enabled in both the |電源，或已| |啟用中 | intentionally disabled. |故意禁用。 | |scanner configuration | |掃描儀配置 | | |table and module command | | |表和模塊命令 | | |word. | | |字。 -|-|-|-| -|-|- -|-| Flashing |The two-digit numeric display| The channel is |Configure scan list 閃爍|兩位數(shù)的數(shù)字顯示|該頻道|配置掃描列表 Green 綠 |for the channel indicates an | enabled but no |table for channel |頻道的指示|啟用，但尚未|頻道表 |error code that provides more| communication is |to add devices |錯(cuò)誤代碼，提供更多|通信|添加設(shè)備 |information about the | occurring | |信息關(guān)于|發(fā)生| |condition of the channel | | |條件的通道| | -|-|-|-| -|-|- -|-| Solid Green | Theres normal operation |All slave devices in| 純 綠色 |有正常的操作|從器件在所有| | |the scan list table | | |掃描列表表| | |are communicating | Do Nothing | |是溝通|無(wú)為 | |normally with the | | |通常使用| | |scanner | | |掃描儀| -|-|-|-| -|-|- -|-| Solid Red 純 紅色 |The communications channel |The scanner may be |Reset module. |通信通道|掃描儀可能會(huì)|復(fù)位模塊。 If 如果 |has failed.The two digit |defective. |有failed.The兩位數(shù)|缺陷。 |failures continue, |失敗繼續(xù)下去， |numeric display for the | |replace module. |用于數(shù)字顯示器| |更換模塊。 |channel displays an error | | |頻道顯示錯(cuò)誤| | Page 8 第8頁(yè) |code that provides more | | |代碼，提供更多| | |information about the | | |資訊的| | |condition of the channel | | |條件的通道| | -|-|-|-| -|-|- -|-| Flashing Red |The two-digit numeric display|At least one of the |Examine the failed 閃爍的 紅色 |兩位數(shù)的數(shù)字顯示|一體的，至少|(zhì)檢查失敗 |for the channel display an |slave devices in the|device and check the |為通道顯示|在從設(shè)備|設(shè)備和檢查 |error code that provides more|scanners scan list |scan list table |錯(cuò)誤代碼，提供更多|掃描儀的掃描列表|掃描列表表 |information about the |table has failed to |for accuracy. |的信息|表格未能|的準(zhǔn)確性。 |condition of the channel. |條件的通道。 |communicate with the| |溝通與| | |scanne