外研版英語八年級上復(fù)習提綱.doc

外研版英語八年級上復(fù)習提綱第一模塊語法：一、一般現(xiàn)在時：概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時間狀語： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加dont,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。二、一般過去時：概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。三、現(xiàn)在進行時：概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。四、過去進行時：概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。五、現(xiàn)在完成時：（略，后面復(fù)習）六、一般將來時：概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。translate into 把翻譯成 translation 翻譯（名詞）the number of 的數(shù)字 a number of =numbers of = many 許多write down 寫下，記下 write it down , write down your mistakeselse 其他 what else 還有其他的 , anything else 其他的一些， sombody elses books 其他人的書newspaper 報紙（可數(shù)）in the newspaper , on paper .each各個，每個 each of us likes running . each other 互相enjoy yourself (myself , yoursef, herself , himself , itself , yourselves , ourselves , themselves)=have a good timea piece of 一張（片，塊，件，則） all the time 總是，一直borrow 借（入） lend借（出） keep借（保持）why dont you = why not you 為什么你不 in class 在課堂上next to 靠近，旁邊 should 應(yīng)該（情態(tài)動詞）Its +adi.+ to do sth. 做某事怎么樣。 Its interesting to see English movies.How about = what about (后加名詞) How about doing some shopping?try not to do sth. 嘗試不要做 help sb. with sth.= help sb.(to) do sth.幫助某人某事ask for 請求 ask sb. for sth.向某人請求某事enjoy doing = like doing 喜歡做某事 speak to (with) sb. 和某人說話take a deep breath 做個深呼吸quickly動作迅速地，敏捷地 We get up quickly in the morning . fast速度快 He can ran fast.leave離開 leave Beijing 與leave for Beijing 離開北京與去北京。 I left my homework at home.忘記 look for尋找make friends 交朋友 invite sb. to 邀請某人 invitation邀請（名詞，不可）in the order 按順序 parctie doing 練習做say hello / goodbye to sb.向某人問好/說再見 learn from 向 學習remember/forget to do sth. 記住/忘記了做某事（事情還沒做） remember/forget doing sth 記住/忘記做某事（事情已經(jīng)做了） Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學后去趟郵局。 Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?make mistake犯錯誤 adivce (名詞) advise(動詞)建議excellent= very good 出色的;杰出的;優(yōu)等的 hear from 收到某人來信第二模塊語法：現(xiàn)在完成時 have(has) + done 表示“已經(jīng)”、“曾經(jīng)” everHave you ever been to Shanghai? Yes, I have . / No, I havent ( No, never.)experience經(jīng)驗（不可），經(jīng)歷（可） I know from experience that there will be rainy tomorrow. 據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗，今天要下雨。 He had many interesting experiences while travelling inAfrica. 他在非洲旅行時，有很多有趣的經(jīng)歷。kind 種類 all kinds of animals各種動物 kind仁慈的，和善的 Its kind of you to invite me to your party 你太好了邀請我參加你的晚會。 kind of 有點兒,有一些 Beihai Park is kind of quiet . 北海公園有點安靜。come true 成為現(xiàn)實 abroad 在國外（副詞） be abroad 在國外 go abroad 去國外 one day 某天 all over China 全中國more than = over 超過 sell out 賣光 be frome= come from來自another 又（一）個，再一（個）（指三個以上） another apple ，another two applessend sb. sth.= send sth. to sb. 送某人某物 travel around the world 環(huán)游世界the price of 的價格 Whats the price of the book ?= How much the book ?take off 起飛；脫下 land 土地；著落 enter 進入，參加What do you reckon ?= What do you think ? 你是怎么認為的？exciting 令人興奮的 excited 感到興奮的 Are you excited about going to Beijing? 你要去北京了，感到興奮嗎？ He told us an exciting story yesterday. 他昨天給我們講了一個使人激動的故事。其他類似的詞，surprising /sruprised ；interesting/interestedgo to sleep 睡覺=go to bed be asleep 睡著的=fall in sleepby plane 坐飛機take a plane =on a plane fly to sw.=go to sw. by plane 坐飛機到某地at the end 結(jié)束時 in the end 最終，終于 get up 站起來；起床beside , next to , near三個詞都是在旁邊，在附近，靠近的意思：但是表示遠近時候還是有區(qū)別的。從近到一般近到最近為到：NEAR BESIDE NEXT TOcook sth. for sb. 為某人做什么飯菜=cook sb. sth. buy sth. for sb. =buy sb. sth.為某人買什么problem（需要solve解決）的問題 question（需要answer回答的）問題yet （迄今）還，已經(jīng)(用于否定句和疑問句中). Has the bell rung yet? - It has not rung yet.已經(jīng)敲鐘了嗎? - 還沒有. Anne has already finished. 安妮已經(jīng)做完了how to do sth. 怎么樣做某事 Can you tell me how to learn English well?=Can you tell me how I can learn English well?before 以前；在之前 （常用完成時） ago 以前（過去時） His parents died ten years ago他父母十年前都去世了。 I have never been there before我以前從來沒有去過那里 I never saw him before我以前從未見過他。第三模塊語法：現(xiàn)在完成時 剛剛、過、還（未）、最近 just already yet recently時間狀語 since forWhat are you up to ?= What are you doing?你在做什么？the latest news最近的消息 several months 幾個月 not yet 還沒有It take(for sb.) +時間+to do sth.（某人）做某事花了多少時間 It took me two hours to do my homework yesterday. (擴展) I spent two hours (in)doing my homework yesterday. I spent two hours on my homework yesterday. The homework cost my two hours yesterday. spend 與cost與pay一樣還可以表示“花錢”。have been to 與have gone to have been to 是曾進去過某地方，但已經(jīng)回到說話現(xiàn)場have gone to 是在去某地的旅途中或去了某地還沒回來。例： I have been to Guangzhou twice.(我去廣州兩次了，此時該人不再廣州） He has gone to guangzhou.(他去了廣州，現(xiàn)在在廣州或在去的途中）no one=nobady 、 none 、nothing no one / nobody 常用來指人，作主語時謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式. none 可指人也可指物，作主語時，如和 of 連用指不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式；指可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)均可。nothing 常用來指物，作主語時謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)形式；No one likes a person with bad habbits. None of them has / have seen me before. Nothing is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. none 可用來回答 How many / much？ 的特殊疑問句；而 no one / nobody 及 nothing 則分別用來回答 Who？ 和 What？ 的特殊疑問句。如： How many birds are there in the tree？ None. What is in the box？ Nothing. Who is in the classroom？ No one / Nobody.take the space shuttle 乘坐宇宙飛船 show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.給某人看某物on bussiness出差 millions of 幾百萬年（hundreds of , thousands of , billion of ）theyre coming back this evening .= they will come back this evening .某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來時。如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 等等.go around the sun 圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn) 也also(句中)too(句末)either(否，疑句)are called =are named 被叫做(be動詞+行為動詞過去分詞) Lao She are called a language master in China.along 與lonely 獨自，孤獨 along是指獨自一人，單獨，它是副詞 而lonely則是指孤獨，寂寞，荒涼，它是形容詞 along多指表面上一個人的，lonely是指心靈上的孤寂。she lives along,but she doesnt feel lonely. 她一個人住，但是她不感到孤獨。most of 大多數(shù)的 once 一次（twice兩次 three times 三次）discover找到（未知） find找到（已知） look for 尋找 look out找出（真相）space station 太空站 come back 回來 next year 明年 so far 到目前為止asas 和一樣 Daming lears English as well(原形)as Lingling .finish doing 做完某事 write to sb.寫信給某人 write back回信sothat太以至于 tooto太而不能 enough to 足夠.而能做某事 通常來說，這三種句型可用于同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，具體如下： too.to. =not 反義詞 enough to =so.that 否定句 例：He is too young to go to school. = He is not old enough to go to school. = He is so young that he cant go to school.must與have to都有必須、應(yīng)該的意思。但二者有區(qū)別： must側(cè)重于個人意志和主觀上的必須，have to則側(cè)重客觀上的必須，可譯為不得不。must與have to經(jīng)常可以互換使用。I must/have to go to school now.現(xiàn)在我必須上學了。 We must help each other. My sister is ill, my mother has to look after her. 注意must表示推斷或猜測: Your sister must be a doctor in this hospital.（一定）你姐姐一定是這家醫(yī)院的醫(yī)生。 否定 dont have tohavent to 表示不必 mustnt 表示禁止be afraid to do害怕做某事 be afraid of sth.害怕某樣東西prefer 1 prefer to do/doing 喜歡做 2 prefer A to B 比起B(yǎng)更喜歡A 3 prefer doingA to doing B 比起做B更喜歡做A 4 prefer to do A rather than B比起做B更喜歡做A第四模塊現(xiàn)在完成時：從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。 since (時間點) for (時間段) I have stayed in the hotel for a week. I have stayed in the hotel since last Monday. 并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。 I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer. 上年夏天我在這個旅館呆了一個星期。 I will stay in the hotel for a week next month. 下個月我要在這旅館呆一個星期。瞬間動詞（點動詞）與延續(xù)性動詞 瞬間動詞（點動詞）表示的動作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此，不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。 He has died for three years. 可改為：He has been dead for three years. 將終止性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞舉例：leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, catch a coldhave a cold。小竅門：當現(xiàn)在完成時+一段時間，這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，我們用下面的公式轉(zhuǎn)化，很容易就能排除非延續(xù)動詞在完成時中的誤使。1) (對) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2) (錯) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 顯然，第二句不對，它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago.How soon 多久后（將來時） How long 多長 How often 多長時間一次 How soon will you go to school? Ten minutes later. 你多久后要去上學啦?十分鐘后. How long is the rope? About five miles. 這條繩索多長? 大概5米. How long is the you holiday? Two months. 你有多長的假期?兩個月. How often do you go to swim? Once a week.你多長時間去游一次泳呢?一個星期去一次.teach sb. sth. 教某要某事 Mr. Liu teaches us English.head teacher 校長 hear about/of 聽到，聽說 drop out of school 退學get on (well) with 與相處（融洽） He gets on well with his new classmates.他和他的新同學們相處得很好take part in與join take part in是參加規(guī)模較小的團體，活動。I took part in a party last night.昨天晚上我參加了一個派對。join也是參加，可是參加大是比較正式，大型的團體，活動。 I joined the Party last year.我去年參加了一個黨派。付錢pay，cost，spend I paid three dollars for a hamburger. 我花了三美圓去買個漢堡 The hamburger cost me three dollars . 這個漢堡花了我三美元 I spent threedollars on a hamburger我花了三美圓買了個漢堡maybe相當于perhaps,放句首。 probably副詞 Maybe shell come this afternoon. Perhaps shell come this afternoon.她可能今天下午來。 It will probably be fine tomorrow明天大概會是晴天。 maybe和may be可相互轉(zhuǎn)換。 He may be in the office. = Maybe he is in the office. 他或許在辦公室。luck幸運（名）lucky幸運的（形）luckily幸運地（副） I had a lot of luck in that exam. you are so lucky to pass the exam！ Luckily，I got to the station in time.health健康（名詞）healthy健康的（形）Smoking is not good for your health.吸煙對你的健康沒有好處。 I like eating heathy food .我喜歡吃健康的食物。到達reach，arrive（小地方at，大地方in），get to 注意：與here there home abroad 搭配的時候不能加介詞，如get home. When did you arrive?你什么時候到達的？have some concerts =do some concerts 舉行演唱會 in fact 事實上Speaking Chinese is very difficult .說漢語是非常困難的。（動名詞作主語）He is an eight-year-old boy.他是一個8歲的男孩。 He is eight years old .He is a boy of eight years old. 他8歲。stop doing與 stop to do When Mr. He came in clssroom , everyone stopped talking .當何老師走進教室，每個人停止了談?wù)摗?When you are tired , you must stop to have a rest. 當你疲倦時，你必須停下來休息。with the help of 在的幫助下。 We finished the work with the help of the teacher.我們在老師的幫助下完成了這個工作。一些 a few （可數(shù)） a little(不可數(shù)) without 沒有（后接名詞）因為，由于because 與because of She doesnt go to school because she is ill.She doesnt go to school because of ill.她因為生病沒有上學。high school 高中 primary school 小學 get an education接受教育in the last 14 years 在過去的15年中 wear 穿著，戴著（put on 穿上）Project Hope 希望工程 same 同樣的 We are in the same class. 我們在同一個班級。We do the same work as they（do） 我們和他們干同樣的活。第五模塊反意疑問句：陳述句后加上一個簡短問句。 She often has lunch at school, doesnt she? You dont like sports, do you? You cant do it, can you? They are very late for the meeting, arent they? They have known the matter, havent they?要注意的一些句子：It is impossible to learn English, isnt it? She never tells a lie, does she? （這樣的詞語還有l(wèi)ittle, few, never, hardly, seldom，no, nothing, nobody） Im as tall as your sister，arent I? Everything is ready, isnt it? Lets go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you? Close the window, please, will you ? There will not be any trouble, will there? Mr Smith isnt American , is he ? yes, he is .(不，他是美國人) No, he isnt .(對，他不是美國人)。traditional 傳統(tǒng)的(形) traditona傳統(tǒng)（名） on earth 究竟,在世界上 on the earth 在地球上 in the earth在地下die死，去世（動） dead 死亡的（形） His mather died in 1985. His mather has benn dead for 10 years .maybe = perhaps 可能,也許 與may be Maybe Sally is her sister. Sally may be her sister.western music / pop music/classical music/modern music 西方的音樂/流行音樂/古典音樂/現(xiàn)代音樂 whos it by? 它是由誰（寫）的？Im not sure.我不確定 be born （in / on）出生 the capital city of Austria 奧地利首都also too either也 neither兩者都不 Im also a student. Im a student too. Im not a student either. 一般用neither很少。 Neither Ronald nor Sammy is a student.music音樂 musician音樂家make sb.+adj. 讓某人 His waltzes made him famous all over Europe.succeed動詞 successful形容詞 success名詞 Our plan has succeeded. He will be successful with the help of us . Its a great success to finish the work .not only but also不但.而且. 要遵循“就近一致原則”，Not only the students but also the teacher was invited.a beautiful old city 一個美麗的古城 take sb. around帶著某人周游give concerts 開音樂會 at the age of在。歲時 a piece of music / pieces of musicplay the piano彈鋼琴 in addition to (besides) 除之外(be)famous for 以什么著名 a part-time job 一份兼職工作 on holiday 度假decide to do sth. 決定做 the rest of 其余的 have a rest 休息一下go on sth. / go on doing / go on to do繼續(xù) after dinner, he went on to learn English.做完家庭作業(yè)，他繼續(xù)學英語 after resting for a few minutes, he went on doing his homework.幾分鐘后，他繼續(xù)做家庭作業(yè)one of + 形容詞最高級 + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) one of the most popular singersVienna is a beautiful old city on the river Dunube.維也納是在多瑙河邊的一個美麗的老城市。 a large group of 一大群 belong to 屬于live 居住 lively 活潑的 lovely 可愛的 at the age of 在歲的時候of course 當然Module 6過去進行時 What were you doing this time yesterday? What were you doing during the winter holidays? I was playing football between 5 and 7 last Saturday. He was doing his homework when someon knocked the door.How is it going?近來怎么樣？ I see! 我明白 let me guess 讓我猜猜by the river 在河邊by=beside sit in a tree 坐在樹上 on the tree (長)在樹上smile at sb. 朝。笑 look at 看 fall down 摔倒 / fall off 摔下來by mistake 不小心 get tired / be tired 疲倦的have nothing to do沒有做什么=dont do anything have no =dont have 沒有nothing 不定代詞（something everything anything somebody 等）注意用法 There is nothing in the room . Nothing special happened yesterdaythere is nothing = there isnt anything 沒有什么東西She didnt think it was strange 她認為沒有什么奇怪的。see sb. do / doing看見某人做/正在做某事 hear sb.do /doingacross the field 穿過田野 (through the forest穿過森林)get out出去 grow up 長大 have a picnic野餐 go off 熄滅notuntil 直到才 She didnt go to bed until her mother went home .她直到媽媽回家才上床睡覺。start doing / start to do 開始做。 jump out of bed 跳下床play with a ball 玩球 at about 7 oclock last night昨晚大約7點on my way to school 在我去學校的路上 on ones way home 在某人回家的路上this time last year 去年的這個時候 from to從到j(luò)ump up 跳起來 look up 查閱；向上看 walk along the beach 沿著海岸散步Suddenly a rabbit passed her . 突然，一只兔子從她身邊經(jīng)過。（動詞）= Suddenly a rabbit ran by her .(介詞)called Alice 叫做愛麗絲 Do you know the girl called Alice ?think of 基本等于think abou 思考，考慮，認為，想happen to sb.某人發(fā)生了什么事 during the day 一整天while when 當?shù)臅r候 When the teacher came in, we were talking . While we were talking, the teacher came in. They were singing while we were dancing.across (介) 與 cross（動） go across a river 穿一條河 cross the street 穿過街道Every boy and girl likes ice cream. 每個男孩和女孩都喜歡冰淇淋。（用單數(shù)）tired 感到勞累的，疲倦的（人） tiring 令人勞累的，疲倦的（物）once or twice 一兩次，偶而under 在下面(垂直方向) below 在下面(不強調(diào)垂直) (相對應(yīng) 在上面 over above 還有一個接觸的on)Module 7語法：表感和知覺的系動詞 look smell taste sound feel look pretty 看上去漂亮taste salty 嘗起來咸 feel tight 感覺有些緊 smell sour 聞上去酸 sound noisy 聽上去吵鬧so much food 這么多食物 so many (可數(shù)) so 這么；因此get the food ready（for）(為)把食物準備好 cant wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事hear from sb. 收到某人的來信 shake hands 握手be proud of 為自豪 have a party 開聚會the first time 第一次 family member 家庭成員have a try 試一試 try to do sth. 努力做某事 try dong sth.嘗試做某事introduce sb. to sb.把某人介紹給 get angry with sb. 對某人生氣be afraid 恐怕 be afraid of sth./sb./doing sth 害怕某事/某人/做某事. be afraid to do sth .害怕做某事be excited about doing sth.做某事感到興奮 do something wrong 做錯事ride a bicycle 騎自行車 would like to do sth. 想要做某事make cookies 做小甜餅Whats the matter with you? 你怎么了？ whats wrong with you ?What she like? 她為人怎樣？(性格)What does she look like? 她長的怎樣？（外表）quiet 安靜的 quick 迅速的 quite 十分，相當 pretty 漂亮；十分，相當both 兩者都（復(fù)數(shù)） all (三個及以上)都 neither 兩者都不must 必須；一定 一般疑問句must I do my homework now? Yes , you must . No, you dont have to . (No, you neendnt .)a bit 有點兒，稍微 與a little , a great deal , a lot , much 可放在比較級前 I am a bit taller than Lingling . 還可以放在不可數(shù)名詞前 There is a bit of food in the bridge . 注：Im not a bit tired . 我一點也不累。 Im not a little tired .我非常（不是一點兒）累。have gone home 已經(jīng)回家了（路上或到家）too strong （味道）太濃了 Im a teacher , too. 我也是一個老師。 strong 強壯的，強大的much better 好多了 You seem much better . 你好象好多了。have a look 看一看 see you later 一會見wear glasses 戴眼鏡 wear 穿著，戴著 put on 穿上 glass 玻璃（不可），杯子（可）as well也 也 I enjoy sports as well .work hard 努力學習（工作） hard 努力地,辛苦地,艱難地,猛烈地/堅硬的，困難的get bad marks 得到糟糕的分數(shù)（成績不好） at first 開始leave for a few days 離開幾天 travel a lot 經(jīng)常旅行Module 8語法：問路Where is the park? How can I get to the park? Can you tell me the way to the park? Is there a park near here? Do you know the way to the park?表方位的介詞 at , in , on , under , behind , in front of , near , on the left/right , on the corner of , next to , oppositearound town 環(huán)城（旅行） sit around table 圍著桌子坐 around nine 大約9點go（walk） along 沿著-走 turn left/ right -向左/右轉(zhuǎn)on/at the corner of (在)拐角處外 in the corner of 內(nèi)between-and- 在-和-之間 on the left of-在-的左邊opposite the market 在市場的對面 by boat 乘船take the boat乘船 on a boaton a clear day 在晴朗的日子里 the way to-的路the best way to do sth.(做某事) 最好的方法 get off 下（車，船）