2012年職稱英語(yǔ)考試教材部分.doc

2012年職稱英語(yǔ)（綜合類）考試教材新增內(nèi)容（完整版）1. 詞匯選項(xiàng)：沒(méi)有變動(dòng)2. 閱讀判斷：C級(jí)新增1篇，B級(jí)新增1篇，A級(jí)沒(méi)有新增3. 概括大意與完成句子：C級(jí)新增1篇，B、A級(jí)沒(méi)有新增4. 閱讀理解：C級(jí)新增5篇、B級(jí)新增15篇，A級(jí)新增8篇5. 補(bǔ)全短文：C級(jí)新增2篇、B級(jí)新增1篇，A級(jí)沒(méi)有新增6. 完形填空：C級(jí)、B級(jí)、A級(jí)各新增5篇閱讀理解（8篇）+第三十四篇 To Have and Have Not 逃亡+第三十五篇 Going Her Own Way選擇她自己的路+第三十六篇 A Tale of scottish Rural Life（2011為B級(jí)文章）一個(gè)關(guān)于蘇格蘭鄉(xiāng)村生活的故事+第三十七篇 Pop Music in Africa 非洲的流行音樂(lè)+第三十八篇 Why So Many Children? 為什么有這么多的孩子+第三十九篇 Eat To Life（2011為B級(jí)文章）為了活著吃飯+第四十篇 Narrow Escape （2011為B級(jí)文章）美國(guó)疾病預(yù)防新政策+第四十七篇 Narrow Escape九死一生完形填空（5篇）+第十一篇 School Lunch +第十二篇 A Powerful Influence +第十三篇 The Old Gate+第十四篇 Family History +第十五篇 Helen and Martin注：1、+表示A級(jí)文章；*表示B即文章；其他為C級(jí)文章；閱讀理解+第三十四篇 To Have and Have NotIt had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest.1 Having nothing better to do，I joined in and won five，and then took the opportunity to escape with my profit. Despite the evil-looking clouds，I had to get out for a while.I headed for a shop on the other side of the street. Unlike the others，it didnt have a sign shouting its name and business，and instead of the usual impersonal modern lighting，there was an appealing glow inside. Strangely nothing was displayed in the window. Not put off by this，I went inside.It took my breath away. I didnt know where to look, where to start. On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition. A card pushed between the strings said $50. I ran my hand along a long shelf of records, reading their titles. And there was more.“Can I help you？” She startled me. I hadnt even seen the woman behind the counter come in. The way she looked at me, so directly and with such power. It was a look of such intensity that for a moment I felt as if I were wrapped in some kind of magnetic or electrical field. I found it hard to take and almost turned away. But though it was uncomfortable. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.Besides amusement her expression showed sympathy. It was impossible to tell her age；she reminded me faintly of my grandmother because, although her eyes were friendly, I could see that she was not a woman to fall out with. I spoke at last. I was just looking really, I said, though secretly wondering how much of the stuff I could cram into the bus.The woman turned away and went at once towards a back room, indicating that I should follow her. But it in no way lived up to the first room. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung from the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything. There were no rare electric guitars, no old necklaces, no hand-painted boxes with delicate flowers. It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers.I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. They look interesting, I said, with some hesitation. To be able to understand that kind of writing you must first have had a similar experience, she said clearly. She noted the confused look on my face, but didnt add anything.She reached up for a small book which she handed to me. This is the best book I can give you at the moment, she laughed. “If you use it.” I opened the book to find it full. or rather empty, with blank white pages, but paid her the few dollars she asked for it, becoming embarrassed when I realised the notes were still folded into little paper planes. I put the book in my pocket, thanked her and left.詞匯：impersonal /imp:snl/ adj. 客觀的；非個(gè)人的；沒(méi)有人情味的；語(yǔ) 非人稱的 n.語(yǔ)非人稱動(dòng)詞；不具人格的事物antique /nti:k/ adj. 古老的，年代久遠(yuǎn)的 n. 古董，古玩startle /st:tl/ vt. vi. 使嚇一跳，使驚奇 n.驚愕，驚恐arid / rid/ adj. 干旱的，枯萎的。毫無(wú)生氣的magnetic /mgnetik/ adj. 有吸引力的，磁極的注釋：1. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would for the furthest.巡回樂(lè)團(tuán)道具管理組的成員在用美元玩兒游戲，把紙幣折成紙飛機(jī)的形狀然后看誰(shuí)飛得最遠(yuǎn)。2. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger , nor strange, to her. 我還是覺(jué)得那種被直視的感覺(jué)很美妙，那種感覺(jué)是我既不是陌生人而且對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)并不陌生。3. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything.房間的燈光也讓我感覺(jué)和特別，燈光來(lái)自天花板上的油燈，使一切都籠罩在巨大的陰影之下。練習(xí)：1. Why did the writer want to leave the hotel?A) To enjoy the good weather.B) To have a change of scene.C) To spend all his winnings.D) To get away from the crew.2. What attracted the writer to the shop?A) The lack of a sign or name.B) The fact that it was nearby.C) The empty window display.D) The light coming from inside.3. The writer found the stock in the front of the shop_.A) of top qualityB) of good valueC) difficult to get at D) badly displayed4. What was unusual about the way the woman looked at him?A) It made him feel self-conscious.B) She was happy to stare at him.C) She seemed to know him well.D) It made him want to look away.5. The writer disliked the back room because_.A) there was hardly anything in it B) she had ordered him to go thereC) he saw nothing he really likedD) it was too dark to look around答案與題解：1. B 本題的問(wèn)題是：為什么作者想要離開(kāi)賓館？由本文第一段第一句可以得出答案。在賓館是十分無(wú)聊的，最后一句也寫出作者不顧天氣不好而想要出去走走，A，C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)未提及。2. D 本題的問(wèn)題是：是什么吸引作者到那個(gè)商店？由第二段中間“there was an appealing glow inside.” 可以得出答案。A，C選項(xiàng)不切題。D選項(xiàng)未提及。3. A 本題的問(wèn)題是：作者發(fā)現(xiàn)在小店前面存放的物品是怎樣的？從第三段對(duì)于物品的詳細(xì)描述可以得出答案?！?On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition.”4. C 本題的問(wèn)題是：那個(gè)女人看他的方式有什么不同？由第四段最后一句“I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.”有一種似曾相識(shí)的感覺(jué)。5.C 本體的問(wèn)題是：作者不喜歡后屋的原因？從文中的第六段和第七段可以得出結(jié)論，他認(rèn)為沒(méi)有什么他真正喜歡的東西。“It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers.”“I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. They look interesting, I said, with some hesitation.”+第三十五篇 Going Her Own WayWhen she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education, Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school，though some attended private Catholic finishing schools. There they learned a little about music，art，needlework，and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria or her mother. By this time，she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark.Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school，something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time，there were two types of high schools: the classical schools and the technical schools. In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.Maria，however，wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting2.Most people including Marias father believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore，they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school，she had to win her father sapproval. She finally did，with her mothers help，though for many years after，there was tension in the family. Marias father continued to oppose her plans，while her mother helped her.In 1883，at age thirteen，Maria entered the Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects，the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding，discipline in the classroom was strict，and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.詞匯:discipline /disiplin/ n. 紀(jì)律，學(xué)科，訓(xùn)練，懲罰punishment / pnimnt/ n. 懲罰，嚴(yán)厲對(duì)待，虐待注釋:1. In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history. 在傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校中，學(xué)生們都依照一種非常傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方式學(xué)習(xí)，包含拉丁語(yǔ)、希臘語(yǔ)與文學(xué)課，還有意大利文學(xué)與歷史。2. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting. 技術(shù)學(xué)校比傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校要現(xiàn)代得多， 他們提供的課程有現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言、數(shù)學(xué)、自然科學(xué)，以及會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)。練習(xí):1. Maria wanted to attend_.A） private “finishing” school B） school with Latin and GreekC） technical high schoolD） school for art and music2. In those days, most Italian girls_.A) went to classical schoolsB) went to “finishing” schoolsC) did not go to high schoolD) went to technical schools3. You can infer from this passage that_.A) girls usually attended private primary schoolsB) only boys usually attended technical schoolsC) girls did not like going to schoolD) only girls attended classical schools4. Marias father probably_.A) had very modern views about womenB) had very traditional views about womenC) had no opinion about womenD) thought women could not learn Latin5. High school teachers in Italy In those days were_.A) very modernB) very intelligentC) quite scientificD) quite strict答案與題解：1. C 本題的問(wèn)題是：Maria想去個(gè)怎樣的學(xué)校？由文中第三段可明確得出結(jié)論。“Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school .” A, B, D項(xiàng)均有明顯錯(cuò)誤。2. C 本題的問(wèn)題是：在當(dāng)時(shí)的意大利大多數(shù)女孩的選擇是什么？由文中的第一段可知“Most girls from middleclass families chose to stay home after primary school ,”所以本題的正確答案為C。3. B 本題為推理題，問(wèn)題是：從全文可以得出什么樣的結(jié)論？A選項(xiàng)未提及。C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，原文只說(shuō)大多數(shù)女孩子都選擇呆在家里，并未說(shuō)她們都不喜歡讀書(shū)。D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，原文只說(shuō)就算是上學(xué)的話大多數(shù)女孩子都選擇傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校，而并非只有女孩子可以去。所以正確答案為B。4. B 本題問(wèn)的是：Maria的父親對(duì)女性的態(tài)度是什么？由文中第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Most peopleincluding Marias father believed in the girls would never be able to understand these subjects.”可以得出答案，父親和大多數(shù)人一樣都持傳統(tǒng)觀念。5. D 本題的問(wèn)題是：當(dāng)時(shí)的意大利高中教師是怎樣的？從文中最后一段可以得出結(jié)論“Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient,”故正確答案為D。 +第三十七篇 Pop Music in AfricaYoung musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today, such as hip-hop, rap, rock, jazz, or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world, but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way: Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians. He grew up in Nairobi, Kenya, in a family of musicians. As a teenager, he listened to pop music from the United States, and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD in Kenya. Erics most popular song, Land of A Little Something” is about Kenyas problem of bribery, or paying others for illegal favors. He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live.Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At the age of fifteen she lost her home, but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old, she had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women1.Baaba Maal, from Senegal, also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment. He says that in Senegal, storytellers have always been important people. In the past, they were the ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important, in fact. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one s family, and saving the environment2.One of South Africas most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes compared to Madonna, the American pop star, because she likes to shock people in her shows. But she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended, her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these, she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito.In recent years, people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musicians. Through music, the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and, at the same time, influencing the rest of the world.詞匯：reggae /regei/ n. 瑞格舞（西印度群島的舞曲） bribery /braibri/ n. 行賄，賄賂apartheid / P a:theit / n. 種族隔離注釋：1. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women. 她用嘻哈和說(shuō)唱的風(fēng)格寫歌，歌曲的內(nèi)容是 坦桑尼亞的各種問(wèn)題，特別是艾滋和女性權(quán)利的缺失。2. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for ones family, and saving the environment. 他倡導(dǎo)在非洲要和平與協(xié)作，同時(shí)也包括婦女權(quán)利、熱愛(ài)家庭和保護(hù)環(huán)境。練習(xí)：1. This passage is about how African pop music is_.A) usually about love and romanceB) more serious than most pop musicC) popular with young people in AfricaD) mostly written just for entertainment2. For people outside of Africa, African pop music is _.A) the same as other pop music B) not usually very interestingC) entirely strange to themD) both familiar and different3. The musicians mentioned in this passage all_.A) write about serious problemsB) studied in the United StatesC) lost their homes at a young ageD) write songs in a new pop style4. Eric Wainaina_.A) prefers to sing in EnglishB) listened to traditional musicC) studied music in BostonD) performs only in the United States5. Witness Mwaijaga writes about the problem of women partly because_.A) she was had a difficult life herselfB) there are many problems in TanzaniaC) she has had an easy life herselfD) there are no other women singers答案與題解：1. B 本題的問(wèn)題是：非洲流行音樂(lè)的不同之處是什么？由第一段倒數(shù)第一句可以得出答案?！癐t is different also in another way : Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.” A,D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，C項(xiàng)未提及。2.D 本題的問(wèn)題是：對(duì)于非洲以外的人來(lái)說(shuō)，非洲流行音樂(lè)給他們的感覺(jué)是什么？從第一段可以得出答案?！癟he result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world , but at the same time is distinctly Afican.”故正確選項(xiàng)為D。3. A 本題的問(wèn)題是：全文所提到的音樂(lè)家的共同的特點(diǎn)是什么？總覽全文可以得出結(jié)論。全文通篇在講有關(guān)社會(huì)和政治等嚴(yán)肅主題的音樂(lè)，故正確答案為A。B,C,D都有明顯的錯(cuò)誤。4. C 本題的問(wèn)題是：Eric Wainaina的成長(zhǎng)細(xì)節(jié)。由第二段可以得出答案。“and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music.” 其余選項(xiàng)均有錯(cuò)誤。5. A 本題的問(wèn)題是：Witness Mwaijaga 寫有關(guān)女人的問(wèn)題的原因是什么？答案在第三段第二句“Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women.”明顯可見(jiàn)是她有切身經(jīng)歷。所以正確答案為A。 +第三十八篇 Why So Many Children?In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia , the population is growing fast . The reason for this is simple : Women in these countries have a high birth rate from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman . The majority of these women are poor , without the food or resources to care for their families ? The answer may be that they often have no choice . There are several reasons for this . One reason is economic . In a traditional agricultural economy , large families are helpful .Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age1. In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children , do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War, Italys economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, the worlds lowest.However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has a very high