詞語填空的解題思路.doc

詞語填空的解題思路：詞語填空要所考查的語言點較全面，是一個綜合性的題型，在解題時，可分為兩個步驟進行NO.1選擇單詞一、根據(jù)意思選詞做題前不要急于填空，首先細看方框中提供的詞，知道每個詞的含義，盡可能地想出它的各種含義。然后通讀全文，對文章內容有個初步了解。如果是記敘文應先了解故事大概過程，說明文就了解說明的是哪方面知識。發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中所設的伏筆或前后呼應的內容，因為有時答案就藏在其中。接著再細讀文章，先從最容易的詞入手，如介詞、冠詞、連詞等，這些詞的詞形變化少，有些是固定搭配，所以相對容易些，然后再由簡入難，逐一突破。在填詞時一定要注意詞不離句，句不離篇，全面考慮全文語境。二、根據(jù)句子結構選詞有時只根據(jù)意思選詞，容易出現(xiàn)連環(huán)錯誤。為避免這種錯誤，還可從句子結構上來考慮選詞。在一個簡單句中，基本結構是主、謂、賓、定、狀、補。如果句中缺少主語，這就把目標鎖定在名詞或代詞中或有些可以變形為名詞的詞上，如需謂語則找動詞，需賓語找名詞或代詞，需定語找形容詞，需狀語找副詞等等。還可能會有從句，如賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句等，則應選擇關系代詞或副詞。NO.2變化詞形詞語選好后，還應全面考慮詞形變化。用名詞填空時要考慮可數(shù)和不可數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞考慮用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，如用復數(shù)要進一步考慮復數(shù)變化，特別是不規(guī)則變化；另外還有名詞所有格，名詞作定語等。用動詞時先考慮用作謂語還是非謂語，如用作非謂語則考慮是用現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞還是不定式形式，如用作謂語則考慮語態(tài)、時態(tài)和人稱。形容詞和副詞填空需考慮它們之間的相互轉換，用原級、比較級還是最高級以及變化規(guī)律。用代詞填空要考慮人稱代詞和物主代詞的轉換，人稱代詞的主、賓格形式，反身代詞形式；物主代詞考慮其形容詞性和名詞性形式等等。全部填完后再把全文連起來閱讀一遍，看看上下文意思是否連貫，詞形是否考慮周全，調整到最確切。( 1 )well , soft, second ,better , may , strongly, afraid, sand , stay up, if, now, house We cant stop an earthquake(地震), but we can do things to make sure they dont destroy(毀壞) whole cities. First, it is not a 1 ._ idea to build houses along lines where 2. _ of the earths plates(板塊) join together. Second, if you think there 3. _ be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rocks , not on 4. _. Third, you must make the houses as 5. _ as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6. _ . . Scientists are 7. _ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco(舊金山) . They call it “ The Big One ”. However, people today are still building more 8. _ . The population in and around San Francisco is 9. _ ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that 10. _ there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.1.good 2.two 3. may 4.sand 5.strong 6. stay up 7. afraid 8.houses 9.now 10.if 【剖析】這是一篇科普類文章，要求選填的詞匯都是淺顯易懂的常用詞，且都是大綱范圍內的詞匯。因此，學生要通讀全文，了解大意。只要能夠理解文章上下的內容，對短文語境中有用的信息進行分析、推敲、結合整篇，就可以確定所需詞匯。值得注意的是，題目提供的詞中有兩組形容詞、副詞的同根詞，這就要求我們既要明白文章的意思，還得善用所學的綜合知識。 第1題選good。依句型這里需要形容詞，看全文應是 “好”。第2題選two。文章一開始就說，我們雖然不能阻止地震，但可以采取措施減少地震對城市的破壞程度。如果那樣的話，那么在地球板塊與板塊交界的地方建造房屋肯定不是好辦法。 （這是一個跨學科的問題，世界上已經發(fā)生的地震多數(shù)發(fā)生在地球板塊與板塊交界的地方，科學家們稱之為地震帶。 由此可見，要學好英語，還要學好其他學科。）第3題選 may。在這里表示猜測、假設，意思是“可能”。第4題選 sand 。 “沙地”與前面的rocks 一詞對應。這句話是說，如果你認為某個地方可能要發(fā)生地震，最好是將房屋建筑在地質比較堅硬的地帶，而不能建在地質松的地帶。 比如像沙漠這樣的地帶就不能建造房屋。第5題選strong 。除地質條件外，將房屋建得strong“牢固”些，也是減輕地震災害的一項重要措施。第6題選stay up 。在這里是“站立、矗立”的意思，與前面的 fall down 一詞相對應。第7題選afraid。因為舊金山這個城市就建在太平洋板塊與美洲大陸板塊交界的地帶（環(huán)太平洋地震帶），所以說科學家們感到擔心、害怕。第8題選houses?？茖W家們之所以感到擔心和害怕，是因為那里的人還在那里建造房屋，這正好與前面說的減輕地震災害的方法相反。第9題選now 。與前面的1906年相對比。第10題選if 。文章最后小結提出假設：舊金山如果依舊那樣的話，一旦有一天發(fā)生地震，后果將不堪設想。( 2 )forget, bring，mend，beside，luck，pick，same，differently, I ，every , stop，each Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 _ him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 _ there. One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 _ to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 _ the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5 _ up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 _ by the man. He said angrily, “Thats 7_ !” Mr. Brown s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once. When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 _ of them, he said, “Youve mended them very well.” In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 _ man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas, “Youve had a 10 _ day,” he said.( 3 )not speak, call , idea, and, what, garden, hear , quiet , do ,eat , name, sayA farmer saw an old man growing something on the other side of the river.The farmer 1. _ out to him, “ What are you growing , Grandpa? ”The old man 2 . _ for a moment, then said, “Swim over 3. _ Ill tellyou.”The farmer didnt like the 4. _ of swimming across the river. But he wanted to know 5. _ the old man was doing. He swam over. The old man said very 6. _ in his ear, “ Im planting peas in my 7. _ .”“ You should have shouted. I would have 8. _ quite clearly on that side.” Said the farmer.“ Oh, no, I wouldnt 9. _ that . The sparrows would have heard me and 10. _ my peas.”( 4 )telephone , for, lose, so, strong, clever, somebody, good, happy, outside, everybody, at Mrs Andrews had a young cat, and it was the cats first winter. One evening it was 1._ when it began to snow heavily. Mrs Andrews looked 2. _it everywhere and shouted its name, but she did not find it, 3. _ she telephone the police and said, “ I have 4. _ a small black cat. Has 5. _ found one? ”“ No，madam, ” said the policeman at the other end, “ But cats are really very 6. _ animals. They sometimes live for days in the snow, and when it melts (融化) or somebody finds them, they are quite 7. _ .” Mrs Andrews felt 8. _ when she heard this. “ And ,” she said, “ Our cat is very 9. _. She almost talks. ”The policeman was getting tired, “Well then, ” he said “ Why dont you put your 10._ down? Maybe she is trying to telephone you now. ”( 5 ) tell, hear, listen to , guard, drum, much, fly , army, with, other, way , instruction Here are some old ways to sending messages. An Egyptian(埃及人) put his ear to the ground. He 1 . _ the horses coming this way. He ran to 2. _ his people . He was a 3. _ . That was one way for Egyptians to send messages.People in 4._ countries sent message, too. When enemies came, one man beat his drum. In the next village people heard the drum and beat their drums, too. The messages went from village to village by 5._ .Much 6. _ , some armies (軍隊)