湖南省株洲市第四中學(xué)高一英語(yǔ)《英語(yǔ)句式類型》教案 牛津版

用心 愛心 專心 1 英語(yǔ)句式類型英語(yǔ)句式類型 一 分類 1 按照句式結(jié)構(gòu)分為三種 簡(jiǎn)單句 并列句 復(fù)合句 2 按照句子功能分為四類 陳述句 疑問句 祈使句 感嘆句 第一節(jié)第一節(jié)簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 一 定義 一 定義 簡(jiǎn)單句只包含一個(gè)主語(yǔ)或并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的句子 且句子的 各個(gè)成分都是由單詞或短語(yǔ)來組成的 二 分類 二 分類 類型類型 1 1 S S V V 該句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞 后面不可接賓語(yǔ) 但可接狀語(yǔ)或其他成 分 例 Nobody went out The children are playing We study hard 類型類型 2 2 S S V V O O 該句型中的謂語(yǔ)為及物動(dòng)詞 后面必須接賓語(yǔ) 且只能接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ) 例 We love our country The old woman looks after the baby carefully He dreamed a terrible dream last night 類型類型 3 3 S S V V O O 人人 O O 物物 該句型中的動(dòng)詞為雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 后面必須接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ) 該類動(dòng)詞主要有 give show send pass lend return promise owe make buy do fetch paint save spare find 等 例 He gave his sister the piano He gave the piano to his sister He bought his wife a coat He bought a coat for his wife 類型類型 4 4 S S V V O O C C該句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面必須接賓語(yǔ) 且還要用一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)來補(bǔ) 充說明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài) 例 I found the book easy The teacher told us to study hard We heard him singing 類型類型 5 5 S S L L P P該句型中的 L 為系動(dòng)詞 后常接表語(yǔ) 注意 1 該句型無(wú)被動(dòng) 2 無(wú)進(jìn)行 3 作非謂語(yǔ)時(shí)常用 V ing 形式 例 The flower is beautiful He is a teacher 系動(dòng)詞分類 系動(dòng)詞分類 1 1 變化系動(dòng)詞 變化系動(dòng)詞 turn become grow fall get go come run 等 例 She becomes a lawyer She turns lawyer 2 2 狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞 狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞 be seem remain stay stand keep 等 例 He always kept silent at meeting 3 3 感官系動(dòng)詞 感官系動(dòng)詞 feel smell sound taste look appear 等 例 The milk tastes sour The cloth feels soft 4 4 終止性系動(dòng)詞 終止性系動(dòng)詞 prove turn out 等 用心 愛心 專心 2 例 His plan turned out a success 第二節(jié)第二節(jié)句子成分句子成分 在句子中起著不同語(yǔ)法作用的部分 叫做句子成分 句子成分有 9 種 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ) 插入語(yǔ) 1 1 主語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) subjectsubject 表示句子描述的是 誰(shuí) 或 什么 通常是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者 通常有名詞 代詞 數(shù)詞 動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)名詞 從句等充當(dāng) TheThe studentsstudents worked very hard TheyThey are from America 80 80 of the students in our class are girls ToTo learnlearn EnglishEnglish is very difficult for us It is difficult for us to learn English SwimmingSwimming inin thethe lakelake is dangerous WhatWhat hehe saidsaid is true 2 2 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 什么主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或具有的狀態(tài)與特征 構(gòu)成形式如下 1 簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ) 由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成 She practicespractices speaking English every day The woman takestakes goodgood carecare ofof the baby I havehave gotgot ridrid ofof smoking 2 復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)形式 1 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成 You maymay gogo now He hashas caughtcaught a bad cold We areare goinggoing toto visitvisit the old town tomorrow 3 復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)形式 2 由系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成 We areare studentsstudents She becomesbecomes famous famous The little girl isis afraidafraid ofof the snake 4 復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)形式 3 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ) It willwill bebe wasted He mustmust bebe wrong We willwill bebe free tomorrow 5 復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)形式 4 被動(dòng)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 Mary waswas seenseen to swim across the river They werewere expectedexpected to finish the work as soon as possible 3 3 表語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 用來說明主語(yǔ)的身份 特征和狀態(tài)的成分 一般在系動(dòng)詞之后 表語(yǔ)可由下列結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng) 名詞 代詞 形容詞 分詞 數(shù)詞 不定式 動(dòng)名詞 介詞短 語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句 The young man has turned thief All of these are yours The flower is beautiful The film is moving We are moved by the film Her job is to look after the baby My job is teaching English 用心 愛心 專心 3 Tom was out then The fact is that he passed the exam successfully 4 4 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表示動(dòng)作承受的對(duì)象 可由下列結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng) 名詞 代詞 數(shù)詞 動(dòng)名詞 不定式 賓語(yǔ)從句等 He bought a new car The heavy snow prevented her from going to school She enjoys listening to music I don t know how to get there I think that he is old enough to join the army 5 5 賓補(bǔ) 賓補(bǔ) 英語(yǔ)中有少數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞后除了接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)外 還必須有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn) 行補(bǔ)充說明 這樣才能使句子的意義完整 這類動(dòng)詞被稱為 復(fù)合及物動(dòng)詞 常見的動(dòng)詞 有 make consider find get have let 等 The boss made us work 14 hours every day We found the dog lying on the ground We painted our house white We found him killed the next morning 6 6 定語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 用來修飾限定名詞或代詞的詞 短語(yǔ)或從句 通常由下列結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng) 形容詞 分 詞 名詞 代詞 數(shù)詞 不定式 動(dòng)名詞 介詞短語(yǔ)等 She is a beautiful girl My book is old More than 30 students in our class are from abroad He is the first to come and the last to leave The teaching building is under construction The girl in white is my sister 7 7 狀語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 用來修飾動(dòng)詞 形容詞 副詞或整個(gè)句子 說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分 通 常由副詞 介詞短語(yǔ) 不定式 分詞 名詞 形容詞或狀語(yǔ)從句等充當(dāng) She used to sit for hours quietly He ha s lived in the countryside for 20 years The tree is too tall for the boy to climb up Encouraged by the teacher she made up her mind to learn English well Wherever you go whatever you do I will wait for you 8 8 同位語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ) appositive 對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋 通常由名詞 數(shù)詞 代詞 或從句來充當(dāng) This is Mr Zhou our headmaster The question who should do the work is still in discussion 9 9 插入語(yǔ) 插入語(yǔ) parenthesis 對(duì)一句話作一些附加的解釋 通常由形容詞 副詞 介詞短語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式 現(xiàn)在分詞或從句來充當(dāng) To be frank I don t quite agree with you 第三節(jié)第三節(jié)并列句并列句 一 概念一 概念 有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起 構(gòu)成的句子叫做并列句 例 He made a promise but he didn t keep it 1 并列句中兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句相互之間沒有結(jié)構(gòu)的所屬關(guān)系 只是在語(yǔ)意上存在一定的 聯(lián)系 2 并列連詞的確定取決于分句之間的語(yǔ)意關(guān)系 用心 愛心 專心 4 二 類型二 類型 1 順承并列句 2 轉(zhuǎn)折并列句 3 選擇并列句 4 因果并列句 5 條件或 結(jié)果并列句 1 1 順承并列句 順承并列句 表示兩個(gè)同等的概念 常由 and not only but also 等連接 例 They talked happily and they forgot to cook supper Not only did the students sing but also the teacher sings 2 2 轉(zhuǎn)折并列句 轉(zhuǎn)折并列句 表示兩個(gè)分句在語(yǔ)意上轉(zhuǎn)折 常由 but while yet nevertheless 等連 接 例 He worked hard yet he failed Some problems are easy while others are difficult 3 3 選擇并列句 選擇并列句 常由 or either or otherwise 等連接 例 Either you leave this house or I will call the police I must work much harder otherwise I can t catch up with the other classmates 4 4 因果并列句 因果并列句 常由 for so therefore 等連接 例 It was late so we went home It s going to rain for the sky is dark It rained therefore the football match was put off 5 5 條件或結(jié)果并列句 條件或結(jié)果并列句 例 Hurry up or we ll miss the train Work hard and you ll succeed in time 第四節(jié)第四節(jié)復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 一 概念一 概念 用一個(gè)句子作另一個(gè)句子的某個(gè)成分 主 表 賓 同 定 狀 兩個(gè)句子有 所屬關(guān)系 含有這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句子被稱為復(fù)合句 例 When we shall hold a meeting is still a question The question is when we shall hold a meeting We are discussing when we shall hold a meeting The question when we shall hold a meeting is not decided The question we are discussing is when we shall hold a meeting The question will be discussed when we shall hold a meeting 1 所有的從句必須有相應(yīng)的從句引導(dǎo)詞 有些從句引導(dǎo)詞可以省略 2 所有的從句語(yǔ)序要順承 不能倒裝 二 分類 二 分類 1 1 定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句 2 2 名詞性從句 名詞性從句 3 3 狀語(yǔ)從句 狀語(yǔ)從句 1 定語(yǔ)從句 限定性定語(yǔ)從句 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 例 Th