倒裝句用法小結.docx

倒裝句的用法小結英語的正常語序是主語在前謂語在后，但有時處于語法或達到某種修辭目的如強調、承上啟下、平衡等需要，要把謂語動詞放在主語的前面，這種語序稱作倒裝（Invered Order）。可分為完全倒裝和部分倒裝。完全倒裝是指將整個的謂語動詞提到主語之前。而部分倒裝是指將部分的謂語動詞即助動詞、情態(tài)動詞和be動詞提到主語的前面，而謂語動詞的其他部分任置于主語之后。一、使用完全倒裝的情況1There be / come / live / stand /exist / lie / go /等結構中。如：Then there came a knock at the door.There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.There lies a lake near my village.2表示地點、方向、時間的副詞如here / out / in / up / down / back / off / away / now / then謂語動詞多用表示運動的不及物動詞如go / come / leave / move / rust / jump等如：There goes the bell.Look! Here come his parents.Now comes your turn.Then came the news that we won the game.Out rushed the students. 但 Out they rushed.注意：（1）主語為人稱代詞時不倒裝。 （2）注意主謂一致。（使用還原法將倒裝句還原） （3）Here / there / now這三個副詞引起的句子中謂語動詞必須用一般現(xiàn)在時。3表地點的介詞短語位于句首時 如：Along the road came a great many tourist. On the top of the mountain stands a temple. On the wall are two pictures.4為了保持句子平衡、銜接得當或強調表語，而把介詞短語或形容詞置于句首。 如：Present at the party were some stars who wanted to raise money for disaster zones. Gone are the days when the Chinese people used foreign oil.5在表祝愿的句子中。 如：Long live our friendship.二、使用部分倒裝的情況。1only + 狀語置于句首時。如：Only in this way can you learn English well.Only then did he realize his mistake.Only after they discussed the matter for hours did they reach a decision.注意：（1）only + 主語時不倒裝。 如： Only he knows the answer.（2）only + 狀語從句時，主句倒裝從句不倒裝。（3）在強調句型中不用倒裝。如：It was only after they discussed the matter for hours that they reached a decision.2具有否定意義的副詞或短語置于句首作狀語時。如never / seldom / little / few / not / nowhere / hardly / rarely / scarcely / not until / not since / hardly when / no sooner than / by no means / in no time / at no time / under no circumstances等。如：Not a single word did he say at the meeting.Nowhere else in the world can you find a better man than Tom.Seldom have I heard from him recently.注意：（1）Not until放在句首時要部分倒裝（在復合句中主句倒裝，而until引導的從句不倒裝），放在強調句型中不用倒裝。如：Not until he came to Beijing did he begin to learn English. -It was not until he came to Beijing that he began to learn English.（2）將hardly / no sooner置于句首時要部分倒裝；注意搭配；注意時態(tài)。 Hardly had sb. done sth. when sb. did sth. / No sooner had sb. done sth. than sb. did sth.（3）not onlybut(also)位于句首引導兩個分句時，not only引導的句子要部分倒裝，but(also)引導的句子不倒裝。如：Not only was the wallet found, but also the thief was caught.3以so / neither / nor 開頭的句子說明前面的內容也適用于后者時“也/不是這樣/如此” 肯定句：so + 助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞 + 主語 否定句：neither + 助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be 動詞 + 主語如：He didnt attend the meeting, neither did Tom.I wonder if she will go to the ball. If she does, so will I.注意：（1）so + 主語 + 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 / be 動詞，表示“的確如此”，表贊同對方的觀點和看法。-Tom works hard. So he does, and so do you. （2）但當前面的兩個句子一肯一否或一個主語是人一個是物或兩個句子謂語動詞不一致時，不能用so / neither / nor + 助動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞 / be動詞 + 主語的結構來表達，但可以用It is the same with sb. 或So it is with sb.來表達。如：-Tom likes singing, but he doesnt like dancing. So it is with Mary.4So / such that 引導的結果狀語從句表示“如此以致于”時，如果將so/ such及其所修飾部分提到句首時。如：So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask him for advice.Such a good one was his idea that we all agree to use it.5在if引導的條件狀語從句表非真實語氣時，如果從句中使用了had / should / were可將if省略并將助動詞提到句首。如：Should you be fired, your health care and other benefit will not be immediately cut off.Were it not for the fact that he cant sing, I would invite him to the party.6as引導的讓步狀語從句表“盡管”時，要將表語、狀語和動詞原形提到句首。如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.Strange as it might sound, it is true.Try as he might, he couldnt reach