中考英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié)

情 態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞 （一）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞概說 1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是“輔助性”動(dòng)詞，用來表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞所表示的情態(tài)有：請求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、義務(wù)、能力等。 2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，必須與動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。如：3有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)與其原形相同，有些與原形不同。 (1) 與原形相同的有： must - must (2) 與原形不同的有： can - could will - would may - might shall - should need - needed have to - had to （二）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的種類：（見下表）原 形過去式詞 義cancould能maymight可以（或許）must（have to）must(had to)必須（不得不）willwould愿意shallshould應(yīng)該needneeded需要used to 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not（三）常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法：1can與could（1）表示體力或腦力方面的“能力”，也能表示根據(jù)客觀條件能做某事的“能力”。當(dāng)表示將來的能力時(shí)，一般用will be able to；當(dāng)表示過去的能力時(shí)，一般用could。 Can you jump as far as he did? I cant catch up with Jim. I couldnt speak well until I was five years. can與be able to二者都表示“能夠”，區(qū)別是：can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去式，而be able to可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。如： Ill be able to speak French in half a year. He hasnt been able to finish it on time. （2）表示允許。could比can更委婉，表示客氣地請求或委婉地陳述意見，這種用法多用于陳述句和疑問句中。 You can go now. Could you go skating with me tomorrow? Im afraid I couldnt give you an answer tonight.當(dāng)表示允許別人做某事時(shí)，用can而不用could。Could I use your phone for a while?Yes, of course you can.（3）表示可能性。 理論上的可能性 It cant be true. Driving on these snowy roads can be very dangerous.用于疑問句及否定句中，表示猜測或懷疑。這時(shí)can 與could沒有時(shí)間上的差異，只是could更委婉、客氣。 How can that be true? I cant believe my eyes and ears. He couldnt be in Beijing. can/could have done 表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的推測。can have done主要用于疑問句和否定句中。 Mary cant have gone to school, for it is Sunday today. She could have told Jim yesterday about the delay of the party. 2may與might（1）表示請求、許可。may 和might表示許可時(shí)，比 can和 could更正式。might含有試探和猶豫不決的意思。Might表示委婉地請求。May/Might I use your dictionary? Yes, please/certainly.Might I ask you a question?We didnt know that he might be our new teacher. may not用來表示拒絕或禁止，而might沒有該用法。 Students may not stay out after midnight.（2）表示可能性、推測might不是may的過去式，表示可能性比may表示的可能性要小。May不用于提問是否可能的疑問句。 I may leave for Hangzhou next week. Im afraid it might snow tomorrow.（可能性?。┰诒硎究赡苄詴r(shí)，may not意為“可能不”，cant意為“不可能”He may come or may not come. Im not too sure. 他可能來，也可能不來。我不確定。He cant believe you. 他不可能相信你。（3）may用于感嘆句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。 May you do well! May you have a good time!3must和have to have to 的各種形式 各種形式時(shí)態(tài)肯定式否定式疑問式現(xiàn)在時(shí)have todont/doesnt have toDo you/they?Does she/he.?將來時(shí)will have towill not have toWill you/he have to.?完成時(shí)have had tohave not had toHave you/they/he/.had to.?過去時(shí)had todidnt have toDid she/they have to.?（1）表示義務(wù)兩者都表示義務(wù)。must表示依談話人或聽話人而定的義務(wù)，即主觀的；have to表示來自外界的義務(wù)，即客觀的。 Soldiers must obey orders. The children have to get up early to catch the first bus, because the school is too far.must僅表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼牧x務(wù)，過去的義務(wù)用had to。 The boy got very emotional when I had to leave, and started to cry.mustnt表示“禁止，不允許”；dont/doesnt have to表示“不必”。 All these books mustnt be moved. You dont have to/ neednt/ dont need to tell him the truth if you dont want to.（2）must表示可能性must在肯定句中表示肯定的推測：一定。在否定句或疑問句中，要用cant和can。He must be our new teacher.He cant be our new teacher.What do you think this letter can mean?表示對現(xiàn)在的猜測用must，表示對過去發(fā)生事情的猜測用must have done。在否定句或疑問句中，要用cant/can have done。 He must be at home.（對現(xiàn)在的猜測） I think you must have made a mistake.（對過去的猜測） I think you cant have made a mistake.(3)must表示偏要、偏偏 在疑問句中，must可以用來表示一個(gè)人較強(qiáng)烈的感情。 Why must it rain on Sunday? 為什么偏要在星期天下雨呢？ 4will與would（1）表示意愿、決心。此時(shí)可用于各種人稱。would表示過去式 He wont come to see you.他不愿來見你。（表示意愿）I will try my best to catch up with her.我將盡最大努力趕上她。（表示決心）He said he would do everything for her, but she said she would never see him again. （表示過去的決心）（2）表示請求，此時(shí)僅限于“will you (please)？”句型中，僅用于第二人稱和疑問句中。would比will語氣更委婉。 Will you please buy me an English-Chinese dictionary when you go to the bookstore?Will you have some rice? Would you open the door?(3) will和would用于“勸某人接受”時(shí)，只能用some，不能用any。如： Would you like some fish? 吃點(diǎn)魚好嗎？ 5shall與should(1) shall的用法用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或請求。表示“要不要？”、“好嗎？”Shall we/I put off the sports meet until next month? 我/我們能將運(yùn)動(dòng)會推遲到下個(gè)月嗎？Shall he go there with me tomorrow? 他明天可以和我一起去嗎？用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對方的許諾、命令、警告等。You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow. 許諾You shall be punished for what youve done. 警告用于第三人稱，在條約、規(guī)定、法令等文件中表示“應(yīng)該、必須”。The National Party Congress shall be held every five years. 黨的全國代表大會每五年舉行一次。（2）should的用法“應(yīng)該”，表示勸告或建議（=ought to） You should wash your hands before dinner. 你應(yīng)該在飯前洗手。 We should help each other. 用來表示可能性或猜測，譯為“應(yīng)該、按道理說應(yīng)該” He should be in the office now. I should be right. 表示說話人的情感等，如驚奇、憤怒、失望。 Its funny that they should be confident.（表示輕視） Why should I do that for you?（表示不滿）should have done表示某件事本應(yīng)該完成卻未完成；shouldnt have done則表示某事不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。 You should have told us the truth.（應(yīng)該告訴卻沒有） He should have known the importance of it.應(yīng)該知道卻不知道） We shouldnt have left so early.（不應(yīng)該早出來，可已經(jīng)做了） 6need need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別： 動(dòng)詞形式各種形式情態(tài)動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞肯定式Y(jié)ou need to be careful.否定式Y(jié)ou neednt be so worried.You dont need to be careful.肯定疑問式Need I say my telephone number again?Does he need to come here now?否定疑問式Neednt he come again?Need he not come again?他不必再來了嗎？Doesnt he need to come here?Does he not need to come here?（1）need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need意思是“需要，必須”，主要用于否定句和條件句中。You neednt come so early. Ill lend Peter the money if he need use it right now. need引導(dǎo)的疑問句，肯定回答時(shí)多用must，否定回答時(shí)用neednt。 Need he come? Yes, he must.No, he neednt.(2) need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need后接名詞做賓語時(shí)，表示“需要”某件事物，此時(shí)用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，與一般的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法完全一樣，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。如： We need three apples. He doesnt need so many books. need后接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，表示“需要干某事”，與一般的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法完全一樣，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 I need to go to Beijing this Sunday. Does he need to leave his telephone number? Yes, he needs to. / No, he doesnt need to.（3）neednt have done表示本沒有必要做某事而做了I actually neednt have bought so much wine-only three guests came. 其實(shí)我當(dāng)初沒有必要買這么多酒，只來了三個(gè)客人。7had better 主要用于表示勸告或建議，had better后接動(dòng)詞原形。youd better譯為“你最好”，含有一種“命令”的口氣。故下級對上級、晚輩對長輩不適宜用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。You had better see a doctor. You had better not quarrel with your students whatever happens. (had better的否定式) Had I better not tell anyone about todays discussion? （疑問句） Had I not better tell anyone about todays discussion?Hadnt I better tell anyone about todays discussion?8. used to used to 表示“過去常常、過去是”，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以與過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。He used to work in a hospital, didnt he/ usednt he ?否定形式為usednt to 或didnt use to。He didnt use to be so careless. 他過去沒這么粗心。He usednt to be so careless.一般疑問句形式是將used提到主語前或用Did .use to的結(jié)構(gòu)。 Did she use to be a waitress?Used she to be a waitress?練習(xí)檢測 1. Nobody _ do it. Let me _ . A. can, try B. cant, to try C. can, to try D. cant, trying2. “ _ you like _ bananas to eat?” “ Yes, please.” A. Would, some B. Will, any C. Could, any D. Can, some3. “ Can you answer this question in English?” “ Sorry, I _.” A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mustnt4. “ _ I borrow your dictionary?” “ Certainly, here you are.” A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall5. I _ see the words on the blackboard. _ you write a bit clearly? A. mustnt, Can B. dont, will C. cant, Can D. neednt, Could6. Its a sunny day today. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. can7. Ive looked for my pen everywhere, but I _ find it. A. couldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. didnt8. “ _ I speak to Ann?” “ Speaking.” A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall9. Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? _. A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shall C. Yes, you will D. All right10. Mr. John, we must hand in our homework today, _? No, you _. But you must bring it to school tomorrow. A. neednt we；mustnt B. mustnt we；neednt C. mustnt you；mustnt D. neednt we；neednt11. _ I take the newspaper away ? No, you mustnt. You _ read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must12. - Must I stay at home and take care of her? - No, you _. A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. neednt 13. - Can you mend a TV set? - No, I _. A. mustnt B. cant C. may not D. neednt14. - Whose guitar is this？ - _. A. It must Alis. B. It might belong to Alis. C. It must Ali D. It might belong to Ali.need, neednt, can, cant, shall, shouldnt may, must, mustnt, have to, would 15. I _ show hi