高考人教版英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 2020高考英語(yǔ)“ 代詞 ”考點(diǎn)一遍過超全考點(diǎn)梳理+易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥！

1、代詞分為九類：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的作用。1. 人稱代詞主要有主格和賓格之別。請(qǐng)看下表：人稱我你他她它我們你們他們主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem2. 物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。請(qǐng)看下表 人稱我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourthey名詞性 mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs3.反身代詞可見下表人稱我你他她它我們你們他們反身代詞m

2、yselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselfthemselves指示代詞有：this, that, these, those疑問代詞有：who, whom whose, what, which,還有疑問副詞：when, how, where, why。不定代詞主要有：some, any, many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either1. 物主代詞的用法形容詞性物主代詞：作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)形容詞，不能單獨(dú)使用，后面必須加名詞；名詞性物主代詞：不作定語(yǔ)

3、，相當(dāng)名詞詞組，可單獨(dú)使用，后面不須加名詞。如：Here is my sister. Her name is Jenny.（形容詞性物主代詞）Is that coffee yours or hers? (名詞性物主代詞)2. 反身代詞的用法teach oneself 自學(xué) speak/say to oneself 自言自語(yǔ)by oneself獨(dú)自地 help oneself to 隨便吃enjoy oneself 玩得開心make yourself at home 請(qǐng)自便3. 指示代詞的用法: 主要有四個(gè)，即this, that, these 和 those1）指示代詞分單數(shù)（this / t

4、hat）和復(fù)數(shù)（these / those）兩種形式，既可作限定詞又可做代詞，例如： 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)限定詞：This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.代 詞：This is Mary. Those are my teachers.1, 為避免重復(fù)，可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名詞。如：The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school.(that=the playground)My seat is next to that of the mayor. 我的

5、座位在市長(zhǎng)座位旁邊。2. 用來(lái)回指上文提到的事情時(shí)，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下文敘述的事情，通常要用 this .如：She is a beautiful girl.Who said that?I want to know this: Is she beautiful?3. 在打電話時(shí)，通常用 this 指自己，用that指對(duì)方：Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂，我是吉姆，你是約翰嗎?4. 疑問代詞的用法疑問代詞：who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑問句。注意：1. what與 which的用法區(qū)別：當(dāng)選

6、擇的范圍較明確時(shí)，用 which；當(dāng)選擇的范圍不明確時(shí)，用 what。如：Which color do you like, red, black or white? 紅色、黑色和白色，你喜歡哪種？What color is your car? 你的汽車是什么顏色的？5. 不定代詞的用法1）定義：不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。2）種類英語(yǔ)中不定代詞有：some（something，somebody，someone，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere）， no（nothing，nobody，no one），every（e

7、verything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，(a)little，(a) few，other(s)，another，none，one，either， neither等。1. some和 any的比較不定代詞some，any都是“一些”的意思，都可和可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。some一般用于肯定句中；any則用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中.注意：在表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)或征求意見的句子中，通常要用 some 而不用any。如：Will you lend me some money? 可以借些錢給我嗎?一、 人稱代詞1.人

8、稱代詞作主語(yǔ)用主格，作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)用賓格，但應(yīng)注意以下四種情況：作主語(yǔ)的人稱代詞如果孤立地使用于無(wú)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子中，或在這種句子中與動(dòng)詞不定式連用，常用賓格。Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why me？John is sitting there doing nothing.句子中代詞作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，與所替代的名詞在人稱、數(shù)、格以及意義上一般要保持前后一致。The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he替代)They took me to be her.他們誤以為我是她。(m

9、e是賓格，故用her替代)作表語(yǔ)的人稱代詞一般用賓格，但在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分代詞的格不變。I met her in the hospital.It was her who I met in the hospital.在比較級(jí)的句子中than、as后用主格、賓格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有區(qū)別：I like Jack as much as her.I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.I like Jack and she likes him，too.2.兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列，其

10、次序排列原則：在并列主語(yǔ)中，I總是放在最后，排列順序?yàn)椋憾?三 一(人稱)。賓格me也一樣。You，she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him. 1.（2018新課標(biāo)卷II短文改錯(cuò)）As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card

11、games would help my brain.【答案】us改為me【解析】句意：他們會(huì)對(duì)我說玩紙牌有助于大腦。偷換人稱代詞，是對(duì)“我”說，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改為me。2. （2018新課標(biāo)卷III語(yǔ)法填空）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_(they) alive.【答案】them【解析】此處做find 的賓語(yǔ)，所以用賓格them。二、 物主代詞1.注意名詞性和形容詞性物主代詞各自的語(yǔ)法功能。2.ones own.of ones own句式的轉(zhuǎn)換。3.某些固

12、定結(jié)構(gòu)中常用定冠詞代替物主代詞。take sb.by the arm，be wounded in the leg三、 反身代詞1.反身代詞的語(yǔ)法功能：賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。2.反身代詞和某些動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)。devote oneself to致力于dress oneself自己穿衣enjoy oneself過得快活feel oneself覺得正常3.反身代詞還可用于某些成語(yǔ)中。for oneself為自己；獨(dú)立地of oneself自然地；自動(dòng)地by oneself獨(dú)自地in oneself本身 1.（2019新課標(biāo)卷III短文改錯(cuò)）In the cafe, customers

13、 will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.【答案】yourselves改為themselves【解析】考查代詞的用法。customers是句子的主語(yǔ)，故把 yourselves改為 themselves。2.（2019北京卷語(yǔ)法填空）Nervously _facing_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _3_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】myself【解析】考查代詞。句意

14、：緊張地面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對(duì)自己說兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的字“做你自己”。本句的主語(yǔ)是I，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)是同一人稱時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)要用反身代詞。故填myself。3.（2018新課標(biāo)卷III短文改錯(cuò)）Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy.【答案】myself改為my/the【解析】句意：我已經(jīng)完成了自己的作業(yè)。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改為定冠詞the也可以。四、 相互

15、代詞(each other，one another)相互代詞無(wú)人稱、數(shù)和格的區(qū)別，在句中作賓語(yǔ)。其所有格分別為each others，one anothers，作定語(yǔ)。一般來(lái)說，each other指兩者之間，one another指三者或三者以上之間，但現(xiàn)在區(qū)分已不明顯。五、指示代詞(this，that，these，those，such，same)指示代詞具有形容詞和代詞兩種詞性，在句子中可以作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。1.指示代詞this(these)和that(those)的區(qū)別。this(these)一般指時(shí)間或空間上較近的人或物；that(those)常指時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。T

16、his is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要講到的事物，有啟下的作用；that則指前面講到過的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.為了避免重復(fù)，常用that或those代替前面已提過的名詞。The weather of Beijing

17、is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在電話用語(yǔ)中用于作自我介紹，that用于詢問對(duì)方；this和that可以當(dāng)副詞用，意思相當(dāng)于副詞so。Can hard work change a person that much?考向1 對(duì)替代詞的考查1. that(those), one(ones)和it(的替代用法)代詞用法it特指前面提到過的同一個(gè)人或者物that可以指代前面出現(xiàn)過的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞相當(dāng)于the one。其復(fù)數(shù)形式為tho

18、se，相當(dāng)于the onesone指代前面出現(xiàn)過的那類事物中的一個(gè)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為onesthose指the名詞復(fù)數(shù)(尤其是有后置定語(yǔ)時(shí))Did you get a ticket?你搞到票了嗎？Yes, I managed to get one.是的，我設(shè)法搞到了一張。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天氣比廣州冷。Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.研究了溫迪的菜單，我發(fā)現(xiàn)其中

19、很多東西和麥當(dāng)勞的相似。The weather here is too cold. I dont like it.這兒的天氣太冷了，我不喜歡這兒的天氣。說明：one和that都可以用來(lái)替代上文中所出現(xiàn)的名詞，有時(shí)可以互換；但是在下列情況下不可以互換：只能用that只能用onethat既可替代可數(shù)名詞，也可替代不可數(shù)名詞，常要求有后置定語(yǔ)，一般不指人，復(fù)數(shù)形式為those。one只能替代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí)，只能用onethe ones用來(lái)替代上文提到的特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，有時(shí)可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定語(yǔ)的情況下。The books on the d

20、esk are better than those/the ones under the desk.桌上的那些書比桌下的好。Only those(the ones)who had booked in advance were allowed in.只有那些預(yù)先訂票的人可以進(jìn)去。但是，the ones中的ones根據(jù)情況可用形容詞修飾，而those不可以。Which do you want?你想要哪個(gè)?Ill have the red ones.我要紅色的。Dont buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.別買那價(jià)錢貴的蘋果，買那便宜的?！局?/p>

21、識(shí)鏈接】1. 當(dāng)替代詞one / ones 緊跟在形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞以及this, that, these, those, which, either, neither, another等限定詞之后時(shí)，通?？梢允÷?。如：I think my dogs the fastest (one). 我想我的狗是跑得最快的(一只)。Either (one) will suit me. (這兩個(gè)當(dāng)中)哪一個(gè)對(duì)我都合適。Lets have another (one). 咱們?cè)賮?lái)一個(gè)吧。She looked at each (one) carefully before she chose. 她仔細(xì)地看了看每一

22、個(gè)，然后才挑選。Which (one) would you like?That (one) looks the nicest. 您要哪一個(gè)?看起來(lái)那個(gè)最好。2. 復(fù)數(shù)形式的ones之前一般不直接用名詞所有格、物主代詞、數(shù)詞以及 some, any, both, several, dozen, own 等詞修飾。如：Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please? 你有圖釘嗎?我能借一些嗎? (不能說：some ones?)Do you have any new diaries?We dont have any at the mom

23、ent. 你有沒有新的日記本?我們眼下一本也沒有了。(不能說：. any ones? )He has three dictionaries and I have only two. 他有三本詞典，但我只有兩本。(不能說：. two ones.)注：如果ones前有描繪性形容詞修飾，則可以使用上述詞語(yǔ)。如：誤：her ones / some ones / any ones / five ones / your own ones正：her red ones / some new ones / any old ones / five bad ones / your own nice ones在美國(guó)英

24、語(yǔ)中，ones不能緊跟在these和those之后。但是在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中可以這樣用(也不常見)。3. 當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞受另一個(gè)名詞修飾時(shí)，通常不宜用one(s)來(lái)替代。如：Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? 你們需要咖啡杯還是要茶杯? (不能說：. or tea ones? )但若一個(gè)名詞受表材料的名詞修飾，可用one(s)替代。如：We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我們可以借給你塑料椅子或者金屬椅子。1.（2019天津卷單項(xiàng)填空）A study shows the students who are enga

25、ged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代詞。句意：一項(xiàng)研究表明，參加課外活動(dòng)的學(xué)生比不參加課外活動(dòng)的學(xué)生更開心?？崭裉幋~與the students是對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，可以用the ones或者those替代?！皌hem”指代的是前邊提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不能與the students形成對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。“these”一般不用定語(yǔ)從句修飾。故選B。2.(2016浙江卷)In many ways , the education system in th

26、e US is not very different from _ in the UK.A. that B. this C. one D. it【答案】A【解析】句意：在許多方面，美國(guó)的教育體系和英國(guó)的教育體系大不相同。that指代上文的the education system。it指代的是同一種事或物。one是泛指，指代同類中的一個(gè)。故選A。3.Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness _ this morning.A. itB. those C. one D. that

27、【答案與解析】C【解析】句意：通常在大霧天會(huì)有很多事故。今天早上我碰巧目擊了一起事故。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指上句提到的一起交通事故，故用one代替。即C項(xiàng)正確。4.I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy _. A. one B. it C. this D. that【答案】B【解析】it=the house with a beautiful garden in front。句意：我很喜歡屋前有一個(gè)美麗花園的這棟房子，但是我沒有足夠的錢去把它買下來(lái)。5.Study

28、ing Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _ of McDonalds .A. those B. ones C. any D. all【答案】A【解析】those=the ones, 代指前面的many of the items，表示復(fù)數(shù)、特指，被of McDonalds修飾，符合語(yǔ)境。ones表示復(fù)數(shù)、泛指；any任何一個(gè)；all全部，均不符合語(yǔ)境，故排除。句意：研究一下Wendy餐館的菜單，我發(fā)現(xiàn)其中許多與麥當(dāng)勞的菜單項(xiàng)目非常相似。 考向2 對(duì)both，all，either，any，neither，none

29、 的考查 1.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any useful suggestions.A. allB. noneC. eitherD. neither【答案】D【解析】all全部；none沒有一個(gè)；either兩個(gè)中任何一個(gè)；兩者都不。根據(jù)該句意思：那個(gè)研究小組在調(diào)査的基礎(chǔ)上得出了兩個(gè)報(bào)告，但是兩個(gè)報(bào)告里面都沒有任何有用的建議。故選D。2.When shall I call , in the morning or afternoon?_. Ill be in all

30、day .A. Any B. None C. Neither D. Either【答案】D【解析】句意：我什么時(shí)候打電話過來(lái)？早晨還是下午？都可以，我一直都在。根據(jù)句意可知是在早晨和下午這兩種情況中做出選擇。AB通常都表示三者或者三者以上的情況，neither表示兩者都不。故D正確。3.Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.A. no one B. neither C .none D. all【答案】C【解析】no one沒有人

31、；neither表示否定兩者，題干沒有兩者提示，因此不選；表示三者以上的否定意用none。句意：羅斯瑪麗這么多年遭受了嚴(yán)重疾病所帶來(lái)的痛苦，但是她一點(diǎn)也沒有喪失對(duì)生活的熱情。4.My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.A. nothingB. noneC. no oneD. neither【答案】B【解析】這里要注意是在那家店里沒有買到，就是說店里的任何一塊表都不可用的，有一個(gè)特定的范圍，用none。nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，強(qiáng)調(diào)沒有一個(gè)；no on

32、e只能指人；neither表兩者都不，故此題選B。句意：我哥哥想買一塊好表，但是在那家店里沒有合適的?？枷? 對(duì) another，the other，other，others，the others 的考查代詞用法other不能單獨(dú)使用，只能修飾名詞，表示泛指意義the otherthe other可單獨(dú)使用，特指兩個(gè)人或物中的另一個(gè)；也可修飾名詞，表示另外的another單獨(dú)使用或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指另一，再一；泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一個(gè)。另外another后可接基數(shù)詞/few復(fù)數(shù)名詞形式，表示另外的(多少)others單獨(dú)使用，表示泛指意義，意為其他的人或事物，常與some一

33、起出現(xiàn)the others意為剩余的一些His parents both work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse.他父母都在一家醫(yī)院工作。一個(gè)是醫(yī)生，一個(gè)是護(hù)士。When Americans moved from one place to another，they took their dialects with them.當(dāng)美國(guó)人從一個(gè)地方遷移到另一個(gè)地方時(shí)，他們帶著自己的方言。You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.你

34、是隊(duì)里的明星！與別人一起工作的確是你的所愛。I have three daughters. One is a nurse，another is a teacher and still another is a worker.我有三個(gè)女兒。一個(gè)是護(hù)士，另一個(gè)是教師，還有一個(gè)是工人。We need another few chairs.我們還需要幾把椅子。 1.(2018新課標(biāo)卷I短文改錯(cuò)) The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.【答案

35、】another改為other【解析】他們住在一個(gè)小房子里，院子里有狗、鴨子和其他牲畜。根據(jù)句意可知，將another改成other。2.Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?_ one? A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More【答案】C【解析】another 與數(shù)詞連用時(shí)，數(shù)詞放在another的后面，如another three chairs; other和more與數(shù)詞連用時(shí)，數(shù)詞放在它們的前面，如one more apple, two other boys；every指每一

36、個(gè)，含義與all接近。因此選C。句意：親愛的，可不可以到廚房里給我拿一塊巧克力來(lái)？還要吃一塊？3.To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _.A. the other B. otherC. the others D. another【答案】D【解析】?jī)烧咧辛硪粋€(gè)用the other。不定數(shù)目(兩個(gè)以上)中的另一個(gè)用another句意：為了保持清醒，他喝完了一杯咖啡，又要了一杯。4.You are the team star! Working with _ is really your cup of tea.A. both B

37、. either C. others D. the other【答案】C【解析】句意：你是球隊(duì)明星！與他人合作必定是你的拿手好戲。習(xí)語(yǔ)ones cup of tea意為the type of thing or person that you like。5.Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth thing over between them.A. others B. the other C. another D. one other【答案】B【解析】neither含有兩者都不之意，一方對(duì)應(yīng)另一方，故用the other指兩者中的另一個(gè)。句意：除非我們能夠清除他們之間的障礙，否則雙方?jīng)]有一方愿意同另一方談話?？枷? 對(duì) it的考查it的特殊用法(1)作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)代指不定式、動(dòng)詞ing