2019年廣東省廣州市中考英語試題(Word版-含解析)

1、2019年廣州市初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試英語一、語法選擇閱讀下面短文,按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,從115各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項。The first astronautsSince the earliest times, people have looked up at the stars, the moon and the planets. Today people use modern machines _1_at the sky. This is very different from the situation_2_years ago when people c

2、ould only use their eyes. Perhaps they dreamed of_3_the universe.When did humans first go into space? The story began not so very long ago, _4_the first astronauts were not people-they were animals.Scientists wanted to make travelling to space as _5_ as possible for humans. So they decided to experi

3、ment with animals and test_6_ in spaceflights. Insects, mice, frogs, dogs and monkeys were some of the animals_7_first went into space. Many of them _8_, but they helped to make space travel safer for humans. For their great service, we_9_forget these animals.Albert was the first monkey to go into s

4、pace in 1949. Sadly he died _10_ his spaceship landed back on Earth._11_ the result was different for Ham the Monkey. His story ended happily when he return to earth_12_very good health.Scientists wanted to know the answer to the important question: could _13_ animal like Ham do the same things in s

5、pace as he could do on Earth? The answer came when Ham _14_ into space in 1961. Yes, he did everything well and lived for _15_ 16 years1. A. lookB. to lookC. lookingD. looked2. A. thousandB. thousandsC. thousand ofD. thousands of3. A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploredD. exploring4. A. asB. orC. butD.

6、so5. A. safeB. saferC. safestD. the safest6. A. theyB. themC. theirD. theirs7. A. whomB. whatC. thatD. whose8. A. dieB. diedC. have diedD. will die9. A. shouldntB. may notC. dont have toD. neednt10. A. ifB. becauseC. afterD. since11. A. LuckB. LuckyC. LuckierD. Luckily12. A. atB. onC. inD. for13. A.

7、 aB. anC. theD. /14. A. sendB. sentC. is sentD. was sent15. A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. the others【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A【解析】人類對太空研究始于幾千年前，那時科學(xué)還很落后，人們只能用肉眼觀察天空?，F(xiàn)在人類有了現(xiàn)代化的技術(shù)，他們對太空有了更多的了解。那么人類第一次進入太空是什么時候呢？其實在人類進入太空之前，科學(xué)家們先用很多動物進行了實驗，保證人類太

8、空旅行的安全?！?題詳解】句意：現(xiàn)在人們使用現(xiàn)代的機器來看天空。look看，動詞原形；to look動詞不定式；looking動名詞形式；looked是過去式或過去分詞形式。根據(jù)句意可知，空后表示use modern machines的目的，“為了看天空”，故應(yīng)用動詞不定式，選B。【2題詳解】句意：這與幾千年前的情況不同，那時人們只能用眼觀察天空。thousand千，數(shù)量單位；thousands復(fù)數(shù)形式；thousand of形式錯誤；thousands of成千上萬的，固定短語。根據(jù)句意和空后的years可知，這個空修飾后面的名詞，故應(yīng)選D。【3題詳解】句意：也許他們夢想著探索宇宙。expl

9、ore 探索，動詞原形；to explore動詞不定式；explored過去式或過去分詞；exploring動名詞。句中使用了短語dream of，意為“夢想”，后跟名詞或者動名詞形式。故應(yīng)選D?！?題詳解】句意：這個故事發(fā)生在不久前，因為第一批宇航員不是人它們是動物。as因為；作為；當(dāng)時候；or 或者；否則；but但是；so因此，所以。根據(jù)句意可知，空后這句話解釋前面The story began not very long ago，故用as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，選A?！?題詳解】句意：科學(xué)家們想要使人們的太空旅行盡可能地安全。safe安全的，形容詞；safer更安全的，形容詞比較級；safes

10、t最安全的，形容詞最高級；the safest最高級。句中使用了短語asas possible，“盡可能”，兩個as之間用形容詞的原級，故選A?！?題詳解】句意：所以他們決定用動物做實驗，并在太空飛行中對它們進行測試。they他們，它們，人稱代詞主格形式；them他們，它們，人稱代詞賓格形式；their他們的，它們的形容詞性物主代詞；theirs名詞性物主代詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前test是動詞，該空是它的賓語，故應(yīng)用賓格形式，選B?！?題詳解】句意：昆蟲、老鼠、青蛙、狗和猴子是最早進入太空的一些動物。whom 關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作賓語；what什么；不能引導(dǎo)定語從句；that

11、關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞可以為人，也可以為物，在從句中作主語或賓語；whose的，引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作定語。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空后是一個定語從句，修飾先行詞some of the animals，且從句中缺少主語，故應(yīng)選C。【8題詳解】句意：很多動物都死了，但是它們幫助使太空旅行對人類更安全。die死，動詞原形；died過去式；have died現(xiàn)在完成時；will die一般將來時。根據(jù)文意可知，從第二段開始，作者講述了科學(xué)家們過去對太空的探索，以一般過去時態(tài)來敘述，故這里應(yīng)用過去式，選B?！?題詳解】句意：因為它們的偉大貢獻，我們不應(yīng)該忘記這些動物。shouldnt不應(yīng)該；may

12、 not可能不；dont have to不必，沒有必要；neednt不需要。根據(jù)句意For their great service可知，這里應(yīng)表示“不應(yīng)該忘記”，故選A。【10題詳解】句意：不幸的是，在他的宇宙飛船返回地球后，他死了。if如果，是否；because因為；after在之后；since自從。根據(jù)句意可知，這里應(yīng)表示“在回到地球之后”，用after引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，故選C?！?1題詳解】句意：幸運的是，對于猴子Ham來說，結(jié)果是不同的。Luck運氣，名詞；Lucky幸運的，形容詞；Luckier更幸運的，形容詞比較級；Luckily幸運地，副詞。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空修飾的是整

13、個句子的內(nèi)容，應(yīng)用副詞形式，故選D?！?2題詳解】句意：當(dāng)他健康地返回地球時，他的故事在愉快中結(jié)束了。at在具體時刻或小地點；on在上面，關(guān)于；in在里面；for為了，因為。這里考查固定短語inhealth處在樣的健康狀況，表示狀態(tài)，故應(yīng)選C?！?3題詳解】句意：科學(xué)家們想知道一個重要問題的答案：像Ham這樣的動物在太空中能做和在地球上一樣的事情嗎？a和an 是不定冠詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，表示泛指一直；an用于元音音素開頭的單詞前；the是定冠詞，修飾名詞表示特指。根據(jù)句意可知，這里表示“像一樣的一個”，表示泛指，空后animal的讀音中，第一個音素是/，元音音素，故應(yīng)選B。【14題詳解】句意

14、：當(dāng)Ham在1961年被送入太空時這個問題有了答案。send送，寄；sent是過去式；is sent一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)；was sent一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，該句的主語Ham與動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，故先排除A和B；再根據(jù)句中的時間in 1961可知，時間是過去的，應(yīng)用一般過去時，故應(yīng)選D。【15題詳解】句意：答案是肯定的，他每件事都做得很好，而且在那里又活了16年。another再，又；另一個；other其他的，形容詞，修飾名詞；others其他人或物，代詞；the others其余全部人或物。根據(jù)句意和空后的16 years可知，這里表示“又活了16年”，故應(yīng)選A

15、。二、完形填空John suddenly jumped off the swing without even slowing down. He called out nervously, “Mom, wheres Charlie? He had just _16_he hadnt seen his new puppy for over an hour.John looked around the garden, behind the bushes, and under the picnic table. No dog! His mother heard _17_in his voice as

16、he called her a second time. Mom, I cant find Charlie!She came outside _18_. Lets look around the garden first. Dont worry. Im sure hes close by.Both son and mother were _19_now, but still no Charlie. Their calls were not completely wasted, though. Joe, the next-door neighbor, and his two daughters

17、Tania and Julie, immediately agreed to help them _20_the lost dog.But even with five people now searching the towns streets, they had no luck. Charlie was still_21_Tania suggested they make posters with Charlies _22_She had done this when her own cat was lost a year earlier, she told John, and the c

18、at was found the next day.John agreed. When they got home, he made a poster with a photo of Charlie, Then John heard a_23_ and opened his bedroom door. It was Charlie. John was greeted with a big wet kiss Charlie had been_24_ in the bedroom this whole time, sleeping. John had never been so _25_in hi

19、s life!16. A. decidedB. forgottenC. understoodD. realized17. A. angerB. hopeC. fearD. warning18. A. activelyB. quicklyC. carelesslyD. annoyingly19. A. shoutingB. talkingC. fightingD. thinking20. A. give upB. look forC. run afterD. take care of21. A. missingB. asleepC. takeD. quiet22. A. addressB. ch

20、aracterC. nameD. picture23. A. messB. noiseC. voiceD. song24. A. shutB. wokeC. tiedD. saved25. A. afraidB. sillyC. happyD. proud【答案】16. D 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. B 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C【解析】【分析】John新養(yǎng)了一只小狗叫Charlie，這一天Charlie突然不見了，John和媽媽怎么喊它都沒有回應(yīng)。他們的呼喊引來了他們的鄰居Joe和他的兩個女兒，他們幫助John一起找，但是還是沒有找到。他們決

21、定張貼海報尋找Charlie，就在John去房間拿Charlie的照片時，他在臥室里找到了Charlie，John真的很開心。【16題詳解】句意：他剛剛意識到他有一個多小時沒有見到他新養(yǎng)的小狗了。考查動詞辨析。decided決定；forgotten忘記；understood理解；realized意識到。根據(jù)句意he hadnt seen his new puppy for over an hour可知，“他沒有看到小狗”這件事是John突然意識到的，故應(yīng)選D?！?7題詳解】句意：當(dāng)他第二次叫她的時候，他的媽媽從他的聲音中聽到了恐懼?？疾槊~辨析。anger生氣；hope希望；fear恐懼，害怕

22、；warning警告。根據(jù)文意 Mom, I cant find Charlie!可知，John找不到他的小狗了，因此他心里應(yīng)該感到害怕，故選C?！?8題詳解】句意：她馬上出來了?？疾楦痹~辨析。actively積極地；quickly快速地；carelessly粗心地；annoyingly令人惱火地，煩人地。根據(jù)上文No dog! His mother heard _2_in his voice as he called her a second time. Mom, I cant find Charlie!可知，媽媽聽到了John的聲音里帶著恐懼，他害怕小狗找不到了，所以媽媽應(yīng)該“趕緊”出來，

23、故應(yīng)選A?！?9題詳解】句意：兒子和母親兩個人現(xiàn)在都在大喊，但是還是找不到Charlie?？疾閯釉~辨析。shouting大喊；talking談話；fighting打架；thinking思考，認為。根據(jù)文意可知，John的小狗找不到了，所以他們應(yīng)該大聲呼喊，讓小狗聽見。下句話下文Their calls were not completely wasted, though.也提到了Their calls“他們的呼喊”，故應(yīng)選A?！?0題詳解】句意：不過他們的叫喊并沒有完全被浪費，隔壁鄰居Joe和他的兩個女兒Tania和Julie馬上來幫助他們尋找丟失的小狗?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。give up 放棄；

24、look for尋找；run after追逐；take care of照顧。根據(jù)下文But even with five people now searching the towns streets可知，John的媽媽以及鄰居Joe和他的兩個女兒都來幫助John找小狗。故應(yīng)選B。21題詳解】句意：Charlie仍然不知所蹤?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。missing失蹤的，不見的；asleep睡著的；take拿走；quiet安靜的。根據(jù)上文But even with five people now searching the towns streets, they had no luck可知，五個人去大街

25、上找小狗，但是他們沒有好運氣，即他們沒有找到小狗。這里應(yīng)表示Charlie仍然是失蹤的，故應(yīng)選A?！?2題詳解】句意：Tania建議他們用Charlie的照片制作海報?？疾槊~辨析。address地址；character性格，特點；name名字；picture照片。根據(jù)下文John agreed. When they got home, he made a poster with a photo of Charlie可知，他們想用Charlie的照片做海報。故應(yīng)選D?！?3題詳解】句意：然后John聽到了一個聲音，他打開了他的臥室門。考查名詞辨析。mess混亂，亂七八糟；noise噪音，響聲；

26、voice聲音，指人的聲音；song歌聲。根據(jù)空前John heard可知A不對，D不符合情景。根據(jù)下文It was Charlie可知，聲音是John的小狗Charlie制造出來的，故C不對，應(yīng)選B。【24題詳解】句意：Charlie在這個時間里一直被關(guān)在臥室里睡覺?？疾閯釉~辨析。shut關(guān)閉；woke醒；tied 系，捆，扎；saved拯救。根據(jù)上文When they got home, he made a poster with a photo of Charlie, Then John heard a_8_ and opened his bedroom door. It was Cha

27、rlie.和句意 Charlie had been_9_ in the bedroom this whole time, sleeping可知，Charlie被關(guān)在了臥室里面，故應(yīng)選A。【25題詳解】句意：John的生活中沒有來這么開心過。考查形容詞辨析。afraid害怕的；silly傻的，愚蠢的；happy開心的；proud驕傲的。根據(jù)文意可知，John最后找到了他的小狗，因此他應(yīng)該是感到很開心的。故應(yīng)選C?！军c睛】這篇短文給我們講述了John如何找到他的小狗的，文章是一篇記敘文，敘事清晰，脈絡(luò)清楚，短文按照事情發(fā)展的順序記敘，內(nèi)容也貼近學(xué)生們的日常生活，因此比較容易理解。題型是完形填空，考

28、查學(xué)生們在具體語境中運用語言的能力，綜合性較強。做題時，應(yīng)先通讀短文，了解文章大意；然后根據(jù)上下文語境做題，先易后難，注意空前后的固定搭配，并仔細辨析選項中單詞的意思和用法；最后將答案代入原文，再讀一遍，檢查答案是否正確。例如第3小題，考查副詞辨析。actively積極地；quickly快速地；carelessly粗心地；annoyingly令人惱火地，煩人地。根據(jù)上文No dog! His mother heard _2_in his voice as he called her a second time. Mom, I cant find Charlie!可知，媽媽聽到了John的聲音里

29、帶著恐懼，他害怕小狗找不到了，所以媽媽應(yīng)該“趕緊”出來，故應(yīng)選A。再如第7小題，考查名詞辨析。address地址；character性格，特點；name名字；picture照片。根據(jù)下文John agreed. When they got home, he made a poster with a photo of Charlie可知，他們想用Charlie的照片做海報。故應(yīng)選D。三、閱讀第一節(jié) 閱讀理解 AAn elephant and a crocodile were once standing beside river. They were disputing which was the

30、 better animal.“Look at my strength,” said the elephant. “I can pull up a tree, roots and all with my trunk”“Ah! But your skin is not nearly so thick as mine,” replied the crocodile. “No knife or tooth can cut through it.”Just as they were coming to blows, a lion happened to pass.“My dear friends !”

31、 said the King of all animals, going up to them. “Let me know the cause of your disagreement.”“Will you kindly tell us which is the better animal?” cried both at once. “Certainly”,said the lion, pointing across the river. “Do you see the soldiers metal hat on that wall?”“Yes!” replied the beasts.“We

32、ll, then,” continued the lion, “ go and get it, and bring it to me, and I shall be able then to decide between you.”Upon hearing this, off they started. The crocodile, being used to the water, reached the opposite side of the river first, and was soon standing beside the wall.Here he waited till the

33、 elephant came up. The elephant, seeing that the crocodile had no way of reaching their goal, raised his long trunk, and took down the hat quite easily.They then made their way together back again across the river. The elephant was trying to keep up with the fast-moving crocodile in the water and be

34、came careless. When he was forced to turn sharply to avoid a floating tree branch, the elephant dropped the hat and it fell to the river bottom. The crocodile noticed the accident, so down he dived, and brought it up in his huge mouth. They then returned, and the crocodile laid the metal hat at the

35、lions feet. The King took it up, and turning to the elephant, said:“You, because of your size and trunk, were able to reach the hat on the wall but, having lost it, you were unable to get it back. And you,” said the lion to the crocodile, “although unable to reach the hat, were able to dive for it a

36、nd save it. You are both wise and able in your own ways. One is no better than the other.”26. The underlined word disputing in Paragraph 1 means_.A. playingB. quarrellingC. complainingD. deciding27. What did the crocodile think was the best about himself?A. His big mouthB. His strong skinC. His swim

37、ming skillD. His dangerous teeth28. How did the lion deal with the animals disagreement?A. He ordered them to fight.B. He made a quick decision.C. He suggested a competitionD. He asked them to describe themselves29. What caused the elephant to drop the hat?A. The hat got wet in the river.B. He hit a

38、 floating treeC. He was trying to swim too fastD. He wanted to fight the crocodile30. How were the elephant and the crocodile able to complete their task?A. By working togetherB. planning carefullyC. By sharing their ideasD. By listening to the lion【答案】26. B 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. A【解析】一頭大象和一只鱷魚在爭論誰更

39、厲害，他們互不相讓。一頭獅子經(jīng)過，他們想讓獅子來決定。于是獅子給他們布置了一個任務(wù)，讓他們?nèi)ネ瓿?。結(jié)果他們都不能單獨完成這個任務(wù)，他們各自有自己的智慧和能力，不存在誰比誰更好的問題?！?6題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文意和這個單詞所在的句子which was the better animal.“哪一個是更好的動物”，因此disputing應(yīng)該是“爭論”的意思。playing玩；quarrelling爭吵，爭論；complaining抱怨；deciding決定。故應(yīng)選B?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段“Ah! But your skin is not nearly so thick as

40、 mine,” replied the crocodile. “No knife or tooth can cut through it.”可知，鱷魚說他的皮膚比大象的更厚，刀和牙齒都刺不穿。由此可知應(yīng)選B?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第七段“Certainly”, said the lion, pointing across the river. “Do you see the soldiers metal hat on that wall?”和第九段 “Well, then,” continued the lion, “ go and get it, and bring it to

41、me, and I shall be able then to decide between you.”可知，獅子讓他們?nèi)グ褖ι系拿弊幽脕?，然后決定誰是更好的動物。即獅子讓他們展開一場比賽，由此可知應(yīng)選C?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第十二段中The elephant was trying to keep up with the fast-moving crocodile in the water and became careless. When he was forced to turn sharply to avoid a floating tree branch, the ele

42、phant dropped the hat and it fell to the river bottom可知，大象努力追趕在水里游得很快的鱷魚，于是變得粗心了，當(dāng)他被迫急轉(zhuǎn)身躲避一個漂浮的樹干時，他把帽子掉了。由此可知應(yīng)選C。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文最后兩段的內(nèi)容可知，大象個頭大，有長鼻子，能夠得著墻上的帽子，但弄丟了帽子；鱷魚夠不著帽子，但帽子掉到水里時，他能找回來。因此他們是合作完成這個任務(wù)的。故應(yīng)選A。BThey say that “travel is the best teacher” and there is no better example of this idea

43、than the Ming dynasty travel writer and geographer Xu Xiake (1587-1641). His book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake, not only encouraged a love of travelling among Chinese people but provided important scientific information about the countrys land and geography.Born into a wealthy Jiangyin family, Xu be

44、came interested in books about different places at an early age and wanted to travel. When he was 18, however, Xus father died and so, it seemed impossible for his travelling dreams. He now was responsible for the family farm and taking care of his 60-year-old mother as tradition required.But his mo

45、ther had different ideas. Understanding her sons love of travel and valuing the knowledge he could get from such experiences, this modern-thinking woman refused to keep her son at home. She agreed that Xu could travel for three months every year, when there was less farm work.So at the age of twenty

46、 and with his mothers support, Xu set off for the first time, leaving behind not only his mother but his new wife as well. He would repeat this goodbye each year for most of the next 30 years. During this time, he travelled throughout the Ming kingdom, carefully studying the lands he passed through

47、and recording his experiences and many discoveries in a diary. This diary, which once had over 500,000 words, would eventually become The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.Although rich, Xu avoided comfortable travel, preferring to go almost everywhere on foot. This way he could research the environment in d

48、etail and get a true picture of the natural world. Many of his trips were to hard-to-reach mountain areas, and through wild forests where few people lived. His willingness to face hardships came at a cost, however. Progress was slow and tiring and he was frequently sick, robbed and beaten during his

49、 journeysSadly Xu became seriously ill during his last and longest journey, a 4-year trip through the Southwest of China. He died in 1641, soon after returning to his hometown for the last time. When his diary was finally printed years after his death, much of it had been destroyed or lost. Although

50、 incomplete, it still made Xu a travelling legend around the world.31. What is the passage mainly about_.A. The general details of Xu Xiakes life storyB. The difficulties Xu Xiake faced in his travelsC. The important discoveries made by Xu XiakeD. The influence of Xus book The Travel Notes of Xu Xia

51、ke32. Which of the following best describes Xus mother?A. Strict but interestingB. Kind but uneducatedC. Helpful and hardworkingD. Supportive and open-minded33. Why did Xu prefer walking during his travels?A. It gave him the chance to meet different kinds of people.B. It helped him to save money and

52、 travel for a longer time.C. It allowed him to see and study the environment in detail.D. It was the only way to reach the places he was interested in.34. What is true about Xus book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake?A. It was only made public after Xu died.B. It made Xu very famous during his lifetime.C

53、. It was the first travel book ever written in China.D. It was mainly about the different people of China.35. What is the correct order for the following events from Xus life?a. He went on his first journey.b. His book was finally printed.c. He returned to his hometown for the last time.d. He develo

54、ped an interest in books about other places.e. He started managing the family farm after his father died.A. a-e-d-c-bB. d-e-a-c-bC. d-e-a-b-cD. e-d-a-b-c【答案】31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B【解析】這篇短文給我們介紹了明朝著名的旅行作家、地理學(xué)家徐霞客的故事。徐霞客生于一個富有的家庭，但父親早亡，幸虧他的母親非常的開明，徐霞客才有機會游遍祖國大好河山，并最終寫成了徐霞客游記。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文第一段

55、中there is no better example of this idea than the Ming dynasty travel writer and geographer Xu Xiake以及文意可知，這篇短文給我們介紹了地理學(xué)家徐霞客的生平，故A選項“徐霞客生平故事”符合文意，選A?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段Understanding her sons love of travel and valuing the knowledge he could get from such experiences, this modern-thinking woman refu

56、sed to keep her son at home. She agreed that Xu could travel for three months every year, when there was less farm work.可知，徐霞客的母親支持他外出旅行，是一個開明的母親。故應(yīng)選D。【33題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第五段Although rich, Xu avoided comfortable travel, preferring to go almost everywhere on foot. This way he could research the environm

57、ent in detail and get a true picture of the natural world.可知，徐霞客經(jīng)常步行去每個地方，這樣他能詳細地研究環(huán)境，真實地了解自然世界。由此可知應(yīng)選C。【34題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文最后一段中When his diary was finally printed years after his death, much of it had been destroyed or lost. Although incomplete, it still made Xu a travelling legend around the world.可知，徐霞客游記是在徐霞客去世之后才公之于眾的，故A選項正確。B和C在短文中沒有提到；根據(jù)第一段His book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake, not only encoura