中國學(xué)生在英文寫作中最容易犯的典型錯(cuò)誤2重點(diǎn)

1、中國學(xué)生在英文寫作中最容易犯的典型錯(cuò)誤G 把狀語從句或短語單獨(dú)成句，破壞了句子的完整性。(Some students show their natural inclination to write incomplete sentences by punctuating some adverbial clauses or phrases into sentences.【例1】“Is honesty out of date?” Many people may askMy answer is “no”Because honesty is not a single social phenomenon

2、but rather, a kind of humanity rooted in our mind( “Is honesty out of date?” Many people may askMy answer is “no”，because honesty is not a single social phenomenon but rather, a kind of humanity rooted in our mind(【例2】Traffic is very bad in this cityParticularly in its downtown area(Traffic is very

3、bad in this city, particularly in its downtown area(【例3】And then there is no need worrying you11 be lost in a new place ，if you have a cellphone Especially, in some urgent situations(And then there is no need worrying you11 be lost in a new place if you have a cellphone ，especially in some urgent si

4、tuations(H 不會(huì)使用“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)。(It is not uncommon that some students are incapable of using there be structure in their writing.修正辦法：應(yīng)該十分明確：在“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)中，be 后面的名詞是句子的表語，如果它后面再有動(dòng)作，應(yīng)設(shè)法用定語從句、分詞短語、不定式短語、介詞短語來表示?！纠?】There are some people think that money can make the world go round( There are some people

5、who think that money can make the world go round(【例2】At the meeting there are a lot of questions discuss(At the meeting there are a lot of questions to be discussed(I 句式缺少變化，使人讀起來興味索然。(Lack of sentence structure variety in some students writing always dampens the readers spirits.修正辦法：在寫一段英文時(shí)，應(yīng)盡量避免使用

6、同一類句型。要長、短句相間，適當(dāng)使用一些被動(dòng)句和there be句型，有時(shí)也可使用一些問句或倒裝句。【例1】True friendship is important to usTrue friendship is a kind of human relationBut true friendship is not easy to come byTrue friendship is based on mutual understanding ，not on mutual benefitIt means that there are similar ideas between the friend

7、s and that true friends should trust each other and helps each otherTrue friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests(True friendship is important to usWhy we value true friendship very much lies in the fact that it can lead to a pleasant mutual understanding among friends and a sound human

8、 relationshipBut true friendship is not easy to come byOnly by sharing joy and happiness as well as worries and hardships can we cultivate and develop it True friendship will be able to stand all sorts of test so long as friends can trust and help each other (【例2】There is a modem library in this uni

9、versityThere are 20 reading rooms，10 video rooms and 5 multi-function halls in the libraryThere are about books and magazines on the shelves there(The university boasts a modern library which consists of 20 reading rooms ，10 video rooms and 5 multi-function hallsThere are about books and magazines o

10、n the librarys shelves(J 列舉例證時(shí)，常常把列舉用語“such as”和“for example(instance”等獨(dú)立成句，造成句法殘缺不全。(Such phrase as such as and for example (instance usually used to cite examples are likely to appear as complete sentences in some students writing【例1】It is possible to combine Computer Science with other subjects F

11、or example physics (It is possible to combine Computer Science with other subjects，for example physics(【例2】There is a similar word in many languagesFor example in French and Italian( There is a similar word in many languages，for example in French and Italian(【例3】In the English writing classsome basi

12、c skills are taughtSuch as how to keep to the subject ，how to choose the correct words，how to avoid “Ch inglish”，how to make our sentences varied，and so on(In the English writing class, some basic skills are taught，such as how to keep to the subject ，how to choose the correct words，how to avoid “Ch

13、inglish”，how to make our sentences varied，and so on(【例4 】We should pay attention to several aspects in learning English Such as grammar, idioms, phonetics，etc (We should pay attention to several aspects in learning English ，such as grammar, idioms ，phonetics ，etc (【例5】The life science will make revo

14、lutionary progress ，which can solve many problems Such as curing some fatal diseases，prolonging human life，and to improve the quality of life(The life science will make revolutionary progress ，which can have many problems solved ，such as curing some fatal diseases，prolonging human life，and improving

15、 the quality of life(K 句子殘缺破碎，嚴(yán)重影響意思的表達(dá)。(Some students sentences are so broken that their meanings may be every readers guess.糾正辦法：牢記英語句法的三條軸線，每做一個(gè)句子都要保證“主謂賓”，主系表”，“there be”句型中的主要語法要素基本到位?！纠?】In my opinion，make our city pollution-free must do three thingsMany pollutions in our cityThe pollutions wi

16、ll bad for peoples healthy(Our city is seriously polluted，which is bad for peoples healthIn my opinion，we must do three things so as to make our city pollution-free(【例2】I will listen to the radio One is relax ，on the other hand is improve my English listening (I will listen to some English programs

17、on the radioI do so to relax myself on the one hand, and on the other to try to improve my listening comprehension ability(【例3】College students read some English passages aloud in the early morning is quite necessary (It is quite necessary for college students to read some English passages aloud in

18、the early morning(It is quite necessary that college students read some English passages aloud in the early morning (【例4】English writing should be guided is very important(It is important that English writing be guided(【例5】Human beings keep ecological balance is vital(It is vital that human beings k

19、eep ecological balance(3詞語搭配錯(cuò)誤 (Mistakes in Diction Collocation英語比較講究詞語的搭配，中國學(xué)生英文寫作中典型的搭配錯(cuò)誤如下：(1 to learn knowledge(to aquire / attain knowledge(2 to teach knowledge(to impart knowledge(3 to make achievements(to scoreto record achievements(4 to give sb a deep impression (to make a deep impression on

20、 sb(5 to be independent form sb (to be independent of sb(6 to have difficulties(troublet o spendto do sth ( to have difficulties(troubleto spenddoing sth (7 to improve peoples living level (to improve the living standards (to uplift the living quality of the people (8 to hope sb to do sth (to expect

21、(wishsb to do sth (9 to survive in the car accident (to survive the car accident(10 to suit the needs of(to meet the needs of(11 the price ofis expensiveinexpensive(cheap( the price ofis highlow(12 is goodharmful to your body (is goodh armful to you health (13 to train ones body(to do physical exerc

22、isehave physical training(14 to get success(to achieve success(15 to say the truth(to tell the truth(16 to say a lie(to tell a lie(17 to receive an operation(to have(undergoan operation( (1 8 to congratulate sb for his success (t o congratulate sb on his success (19 to be accused about bribery(to ac

23、cused of bribery(20 to be convinced about sth (to be convinced of sth(21 to build China to a more powerful country(to turn(transformChina into a more powerful country(22 the traffic is crowded(the traffic is busy(heavy(23 to look forward to do sth(to lood forward to (doing sth(24 according to sbs op

24、inion(in sbs opinion(according to sb (25 welcome you to join us(you are welcome to join us(26 to serve for sbsth (to serve sbsth(4中式英語 (ChinglishA 習(xí)慣于沿著漢語的句式結(jié)構(gòu)一對(duì)一地譯成英語，毫不顧及英語的組句特點(diǎn)。(Putting aside the grammatical rules of English sentences, some students often find themselves in the habit of writing s

25、omething in English mechanically according to the translations from their sentence patterns of Chinese.修正辦法：在寫英語句子的時(shí)候，一定要從英語組句的三個(gè)軸心結(jié)構(gòu)中確定使用其中的哪一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，然后正確確立主語、謂語等組句要素?！纠?】We get up early in the morning to read English aloud is necessary (這個(gè)句子是漢語“我們早晨早起大聲閱讀英語是很必要的”一對(duì)一的機(jī)械對(duì)譯，嚴(yán)重違背了英語的句法?？尚薷臑椋篒t is necessar

26、y for us to get up early in the morning to read English aloud(It is necessary that we get up early in the morning to read English aloud(【例2】Why cigarette smoking is forbidden in public place? Because smoking is not only harmful to smokers themselves，but also a threat to public health，especially to w

27、oman and children(此句也是按照漢語句子“為什么公共場所禁止吸煙呢，因?yàn)槲鼰煵粌H對(duì)于吸煙者本人有害， 而且還構(gòu)成對(duì)公眾健康的威脅，特別是婦女和兒童”一對(duì)一地翻譯過來的，這樣就很難保證英語句法的規(guī)范。根據(jù)英語句法的規(guī)律，上面的意思可以表達(dá)為： Why should cigarette smoking be forbidden in public places? This is because smoking is not only harmful to smokers themselves but also is likely to be a threat to public h

28、ealth especially to the health of women and childrenCigarette smoking should be banned because it is not only harmful to smokers themselves but also is likely to be a threat to public health especially to the health of women and childrenB 常常把“happen/occur/take place ，appear ，crop up”等不及物動(dòng)詞誤用作及物動(dòng)詞，從而

29、寫出典型的“中式英語”句子。(Misuse of such intransitive verbs as happen, occur , take place, appear, crop up and so on as transitive verbs.修正辦法：使用“happen/occur/take place，appear ，crop up”等不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)記住時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)不能做主語，而應(yīng)該使用“事件/變化/問題”等詞語做主語?！纠?】Zhuhai has taken place great changes these years(Great changes have taken plac

30、e in Zhuhai these yeas (Zhuhai has seen (witnessed great changes these years (There have been great changes in Zhuhai these years (【例2】Police report that this town happened (occurred three car accidents last week (Police report that three car accidents happened (occurred in this town last week ( Pol

31、ice report that there were three car accidents in this town last week (【例3】Later will crop up more problems(More problems will crop up later(【例4】Big cities first appeared this problem(This problem first appeared in big cities(C 用“The reason whyis because” 中式邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)代替英文的“The reason(whyis that”結(jié)構(gòu)。(Being

32、blind to the fact that the sentence structure of The reason why is because is typically Chinglish, the correct English sentence structure being The reason (why【例1】The reason why advertisements sometimes annoy people is because some of them give people false information。 (The reason why advertisement

33、s sometimes annoy people is that some of them give people false information(【例2】Her reason for resigning was because she was under stress(Her reason for resigning was that she was under stress(D 如想表達(dá)“我以為不”的意思，英語慣用法要求“do not think + thatclause(affirmative ”，而中式英語則把否定詞放在that clause之中。 (Being prone to

34、error in writing Chinglish sentence structures like I think she is not a good teacher . The English idiomatic expression is I dont think she is a good teacher.【例l 】I think she is not a qualified teacher(I dont think she is a qualified teacher(【例2】Some people think flesh water will not be used up(Som

35、e people dont think flesh water will be used up(E 當(dāng)想表達(dá)“隨著”的意思時(shí)，誤用“as+名詞”。(Misuse of as + noun. The correct form should be as + sentence【例1】As economic growth，the cities infrastructural facilities have been improved a lot( As economy grows/With economic growth，the cities infrastructural facilities ha

36、ve been improved a lot(【例2】As the rapid development of industry , the problem of environment and ecological protection will become more conspicuous than ever(With Alongside the rapid development of industry ，the problem of environment and ecological protection will become more conspicuous than ever(

37、As industry develops rapidly，the problem of environment and ecological protection will become more conspicuous than ever(F 分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，其動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主句中的主語取得一致，中式英語往往忽略這一點(diǎn)。(Ignorance of the agreement between the verb in the adverbial phrase and the subject of the main clause【例1】Seeing from the top of the mounta

38、in，the tall buildings in the city look like toys( Seeing from the top of the mountain, we can find that the tall buildings in the city look like toys. (Seen from the top of the mountain，the tall buildings in the city look like toys(【例2】Acting on the advice of his doctors, Mr. Blacks eye was operated

39、 right after he retired last week (Acting on the advice of his doctor, Mr. Black had his eye operated right after he retired last week (【例3】Approaching the dormitory building，laughter could be heard(Approaching the dormitory building，we could hear the laughter(G 英語議論文在討論問題、陳述理由、分析原因時(shí)多從客觀的角度來敘述，力避主觀意

40、斷，很少使用諸如“I think”，“in my opinion ”之類的句型。有時(shí)即便有主觀因素，也設(shè)法把“I”，“we”推到次要的信息部位。但不少中國學(xué)生則不注意這一點(diǎn)，甚至整篇作文中多次使用“I think”，從而大大減弱了文章的色彩和說服力。(Quite a few Chinese students tend to frequently use I think, in my opinion in their English compositions so that the color and convincing power of their writing are greatly decreased. Idiomatically, native speakers of English try to avoid subjectivity while discussing, stating or analysing in their writings.【例1】I think one