英語(yǔ)基本句式

1、英語(yǔ)基本句型概念認(rèn)知 主語(yǔ)：就是一個(gè)句子陳述的對(duì)象，或是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。它回答的是“誰(shuí)”“什么”的問(wèn)題。主語(yǔ)由名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞充當(dāng)。（如動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞，代詞都可作主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句）主語(yǔ)（subject）: 句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。 謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)時(shí)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語(yǔ)必須是動(dòng)詞，謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在“人稱(chēng)”和“數(shù)”兩方面必須一致。 賓語(yǔ)：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象，由名、代、數(shù)，賓語(yǔ)從句等相當(dāng)于名詞的詞句充當(dāng)，但人稱(chēng)代詞要用賓格。如：還說(shuō)上例。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“看”，看什么？看“書(shū)”，“書(shū)”是動(dòng)詞“看”所涉及的對(duì)象，是“看”的賓語(yǔ)。 需要說(shuō)明的是：只有及物動(dòng)詞和介詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞和

2、介詞的短語(yǔ)才可帶賓語(yǔ)。 表語(yǔ)：是和系動(dòng)詞緊密相連的。在陳述句中系動(dòng)詞后面的就是表語(yǔ)，這就是“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。 作表語(yǔ)的也是名詞性的詞，也可以是從句。 定語(yǔ)：修飾限定名詞、代詞的詞，說(shuō)明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)、特征等，如 a tall boy 中，tall修飾boy,tall是boy的定語(yǔ)。可作定語(yǔ)的有形容詞、名詞、副詞、定語(yǔ)從句、分詞等。不定代詞的定語(yǔ)一律后置。定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。 狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞甚至整句，說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、伴隨狀況、目的等等。如：他在燈下看書(shū)?！霸跓粝隆笔菭钫Z(yǔ)。 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的成份,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的叫主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充賓語(yǔ)

3、叫賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 英語(yǔ)基本句型 主系表結(jié)構(gòu) S (主）+ V（謂）（lv)( 系動(dòng)詞）+ P（表） 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)組成，主要用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，類(lèi)屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動(dòng)詞有: 1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的：be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示狀態(tài)變化的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; 如：Our English teacher is thirty years o

4、ld. The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities. The potatoes went bad in the fields. Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.英語(yǔ)基本句型二 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)/S(主）+ Vi（不及物動(dòng)詞）（謂） 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)加不及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成, 常用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作。 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-狀語(yǔ)。 如：1

5、. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up. 英語(yǔ)基本句型三 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) S (主）+

6、Vt （及物動(dòng)詞）（謂）+ O（賓） 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)+及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。 如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a pr

7、esent. 英語(yǔ)基本句型四 雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) S (主)+VT（謂）+ InO（間接賓）+ DO（直接賓） 說(shuō)明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)+及物謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)（人）+直接賓語(yǔ)（事物）”組成。 如：He brings me cookies every day. 但若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)（事物），后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。 如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。 用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。 常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：

8、（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等； （需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 英語(yǔ)基本句型五 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) S (主）+ VT（謂）+ O（賓）+ O C（賓補(bǔ)） 說(shuō)明: 此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)+及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系，若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則

9、句意不夠完整。可以用做賓補(bǔ)的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞等。 如：The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on.用 it 做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語(yǔ)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語(yǔ)。 如：I found it very pleasant to be with your fa

10、mily. 英語(yǔ)基本句型六 There be 句型 說(shuō)明： 此句型是由“there+be+主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱(chēng)“有”。 它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無(wú)實(shí)際語(yǔ)意。 此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。 如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town. Be 與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和

11、數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如： 現(xiàn)在有 there is/are 過(guò)去有 there was/were 將來(lái)有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 過(guò)去曾經(jīng)有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 鞏固練習(xí)一：1. He looke

12、d unhappy at that time. 2. The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. 3. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. 4. My favourite sports are swimming and skating. 5. I am very good at English. 6. They offered him a job, but he turned it down. 7. On my 14th birthday

13、, Father bought me a new bike. 8. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night. 9. I saw the kids/children playing by the river at that time. 10. We are making our country more and more beautiful. 11. When I got to the classroom, I found nobody in. 12. We also planted a lot of trees in and

14、around the school. 13. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together. 14. I was so pleased to hear from you. 15. On the other side of the road there is a new classroom/teaching building. 16. Mr Wang taught us English last year. 17. Tomorrow Ill write him a letter and tell him the go

15、od news. 18. Excuse me, can I ask you a question?19. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps. 20. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. 21. The time passed quickly. 22. I had my wallet stolen on a bus yesterday afternoon. 23. I noticed Kate read

16、ing in the library all the morning. 24. Father asked/got me to bring him some newspapers.25. Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years.26. The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed. 27. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. 鞏固練習(xí)二：1. The noise was so l

17、oud that I couldnt go on studying. 2. Im so glad to learn that youre coming in September. 3. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. 4. The car hit the man while he was crossing the road. 5. I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon. 6. After hearing

18、 what I said, my neighbor apologized to me and turned down the TV immediately. 7. He is such a learned person that we all admire hem very much. 8. In the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone. 9. I prefer to stay at home, for I can do what

19、 I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework. 10. We should introduce the Chinese culture and history to foreigners so that they may know China better. 11. To improve the traffic in Beijing, the government should encourage more people to use public transport

20、 and bicycles. 12. In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. 13. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. 14. There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby.鞏固練習(xí)三： 1. 樹(shù)葉已經(jīng)變黃了。_ 2. 這個(gè)報(bào)告聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有意思。_ 3. 這本書(shū)是有關(guān)美國(guó)歷史的書(shū)。_4. 五年前我住在北京。_ 5. 約翰的父親昨晚去世了。_6. 愛(ài)麗絲很會(huì)游泳。_ 7. 昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。 _ 8. 今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?_ 9. 這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。 _ 10. 格林先生明年教我們英語(yǔ)。_ 11. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。_ 12. 新式機(jī)器將會(huì)為你節(jié)省許多時(shí)間_ 13. 我們叫她Alice. _ 14. 我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 _