模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語(yǔ)第2版.ppt

1、書名：模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 第2版 ISBN： 978-7-111-08537-9 作者：王曉江 出版社：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 本書配有電子課件,模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 第2版 ppt 課件,Unit one Lesson2 Heat Treatment of Tool Steels,教學(xué)目標(biāo)及要求 1.掌握課文中有關(guān)熱處理方面的專業(yè)詞匯和專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)； 2.結(jié)合熱處理的相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)閱讀課文，提高翻譯能力。 重點(diǎn) 1.有關(guān)熱處理的專業(yè)詞匯和專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)； 2.翻譯課文：熱處理的原理; 熱處理的類型; 熱處理的步驟。 難句分析及翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) Part（） 翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)簡(jiǎn)介 二、翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造

2、專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 第2版 ppt 課件,教學(xué)思路設(shè)計(jì) 時(shí)間分配（共100min）： 1.講解課文中的專業(yè)詞匯和術(shù)語(yǔ)； 2.講解課后生詞、大聲朗讀； 3.翻譯課文，注意穿插相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)； 4.分析難點(diǎn)句型，講解相關(guān)翻譯基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)； 5.學(xué)生答疑。,模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 第2版 ppt 課件,Contents,Background Knowledge New Words and Phrased Text Analysis Questions Glossary of Terms Language Points & Translating Techniques Reading Materials Summar

3、y References,模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 第2版 ppt 課件,The Principles of Heat Treatment,Heat treatment consists of Heating-Up and Cooling-Down process. Heating up the steel will change the microstructure to Austenite. Cooling down the steel at different cooling rates will change the microstructure from Austenite to di

4、fferent structures correspondingly. Change in Microstructures result in change in mechanical properties.,Background Knowledge,模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 第2版 ppt 課件,By heat treatment, we can change the mechanical properties of moulds and machine components to our desired state. For example, to harden the mould will

5、 increase strength and wear resistance resulting in longer mould life. To anneal a hard steel bar will soften it to a state good for machining. To normalize a steel bar will toughen it to a state good for impact.,模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 第2版 ppt 課件,New Words and Expressions,Terms： 1. Heat treating 熱處理 normalize

6、正火 spheroidiz 球化處理 anneal 退火 harden 淬火 temper 回火 case harden 表面淬火 stress relieving 應(yīng)力消除熱處理 carburize 滲碳 quench-hardening 淬火硬化,模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 第2版 ppt 課件,New Words and Expressions,Terms： 2.Iron-carbon equilibrium diagram 鐵碳平衡相圖 ferrite 鐵素體 austenite 奧氏體 pearlite 珠光體 carbide 碳化物 bainite 貝氏體 martensite 馬氏體

7、 liquid 液態(tài) delta-iron -鐵 alpha-iron -鐵 gamma-iron -鐵,模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專業(yè)英語(yǔ) 第2版 ppt 課件,Iron-carbon equilibrium diagram,Time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagrams,A Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curve compared to TTT diagram,亞微觀的；普通顯微鏡下看不出來(lái)的,Tempering,During tempering, martensite undergoes a trans

8、formation process from that of carbon atoms supersaturated in iron to a structure termed tempered martensite which consists of highly dispersed submicroscopic carbide particles in a ferrite matrix. The extent of increase in ductility hence toughness and the corresponding reduction in hardness and st

9、rength is a function of tempering temperature and time.,回火；調(diào)和,Annealing,If a steel bar is cooled slowly in a furnace from a temperature above its upper critical temperature to a temperature below the lower critical temperature, the structure of the steel will become ferrite and cementite again. This

10、 steel consists of a somewhat coarser grain structure that is low in strength, high in ductile and soft. This process of heat treatment is called Annealing.,退火，緩冷，韌化,正火,Normalizing,However, instead of cooling in furnace as described above, the steel is taken out from the furnace and cooled in still

11、air, it is termed Normalizing. A normalized steel bar possesses higher strength and toughness than its annealed counterpart.,對(duì)應(yīng)物，配對(duì)物,Quench-Hardening,If a steel bar is rapidly cooled from its upper critical temperature by plunging it into a coolant such as water or oil (termed quenching), the effect

12、 is to transform the austenite into a structure called martensite. Martensite is a very hard, but brittle constituent of steel. For steels having a carbon content less than 0.8%, a temperature at between 30 deg C to 50 deg C above the upper critical temperature (723 deg C) is used for quenching and

13、the resulting structure comprises martensite and ferrite.,The Heat Treatment Process,Basically, Heat Treatment just consists of heating up and cooling down process. These process can be further divided into four steps.,One Step1 Construction of Time-Temperature-Transformation Diagram (TTT)and Contin

14、uous Cooling Transformations Diagram (CCT) TTT Diagrams - can be quite useful in determining the kinetics of transformation and the nature of the products. The curve shows the time required to complete the transformation at that temperature.,One Step2,CCT Diagrams - Although the TTT diagrams can pro

15、vide useful information about the structures obtained through non-equilibrium thermal processing, they are not rigorously applicable to engineering applications because the assumptions of instantaneous cooling from elevated temperature is far more realistic, and a diagram showing the results of cont

16、inuous cooling at various rates would be far more useful.,Two Steps,The second step is a heating operation designed to produce an elevated temperature homogeneous single-phase solid solution. The heating should not exceed the eutectic temperature or there might be melting if a cored structure were p

17、resent.,Three And Four Steps,After soaking to assure a uniform chemistry single phase, the alloy is cooled. The cooling rate of the alloy depends on the property of metal required. The heat treated material is then left for diffusion. Diffusion is necessary to convert the unstable supersaturated sol

18、ution into the stable structure.,Surface Hardening,For many engineering purposes it is desirable for parts to have a hard surface to resist wear and abrasion and the inner portion remains soft and tough to sustain impact loading. This depth of the hardened surface is normally from 0.0001 mm to a few

19、 mm depending on applications. These properties can be obtained by surface hardening which is generally divided into the following three types:,Gas carburizing,Nitriding Method,Principle of Induction Hardening,Questions,What process is used to remove the internal stresses created during a hardening

20、operation? What heat treating process makes the metallic carbides in a metal form into small rounded globules? What are the main purposes of heat treating? How many heat treating processes are involved in ferrous materials? ,Glossary of Terms,1Hardenability 淬透性 2hardenability curve 淬透性曲線 3hardening

21、capacity 淬硬性（硬化能力） 4hardness profile 硬度分布（硬度梯度） 5heat treatment procedure 熱處理規(guī)范 6heat treatment installation 熱處理設(shè)備 7heat treatment furnace 熱處理爐 8heat treatment cycle 熱處理工藝周期 9heat time 加熱時(shí)間 10 heat system 加熱系統(tǒng) 11 heating up time 升溫時(shí)間 12 heating curve 加熱曲線,13high temperature carburizing 高溫滲碳 14high t

22、emperature tempering 高溫回火 15isothermal transformation 等溫轉(zhuǎn)變 16isothermal annealing 等溫退火 17interrupted ageing treatment 分級(jí)時(shí)效處理 18local heat treatment 局部熱處理 19overheated structure 過(guò)熱組織 20pack carburizing 固體滲碳 21oxynitrocarburizing 氧氮碳共滲 22partial annealing 不完全退火 23spheroidized structure 球化組織 24recrysta

23、llization temperature 再結(jié)晶溫度,Example 1: This combination of heating and controlled cooling determines not only the nature and distribution of the microconstituents, which in turn determine the properties, but also the grain size. （在熱處理過(guò)程中），加熱與冷卻控制相結(jié)合的方法不僅決定著材料中微觀組織的分布和性質(zhì)（進(jìn)而決定了該材料的性能），而且也決定了材料內(nèi)部晶粒的大小。

24、 句中第一個(gè)and連接的是heating和controlled cooling，第二個(gè)and連接的是nature和distribution，而which in turn determine the properties為非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾the nature and distribution。,Language Points & Translating Techniques,Example 2: With most of the mediumcarbon forging steels, alloyed and unalloyed, normalizing is highly recomme

25、nded after forging and before machining to produce more homogeneous structures, and in most cases, improved machinability. 對(duì)于大多數(shù)中碳鍛鋼來(lái)說(shuō)，不管它是否合金化，在鍛造后或加工前通常推薦采用正火處理工藝，這樣有利于形成更均勻的組織，并且在大多數(shù)情況下可改善材料的切削加工性能。 句首的介詞with短語(yǔ)意為“對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)”；in most cases可譯為“在大多數(shù)情況下”。,二、翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 翻譯的任務(wù)在于準(zhǔn)確而完整地介紹原文的思想內(nèi)容，使讀者對(duì)原文的思想內(nèi)容有正確的理解。然而，

26、怎樣才算是準(zhǔn)確、完整的翻譯呢？要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，就需要有一個(gè)共同的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 談到翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不免要提到嚴(yán)復(fù)的“信、達(dá)、雅”。嚴(yán)復(fù)在他的一部譯著的前言中提出了“信、達(dá)、雅”。“信”就是忠實(shí)原文，“達(dá)”就是表達(dá)清楚，“雅”即是文字文雅。后來(lái)，魯迅先生在此基礎(chǔ)上又提出了“信”和“順”這兩條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！靶拧焙汀绊槨保础爸覍?shí)”、“通順”，今天已成為公認(rèn)的兩條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)了。,Example 3:,“忠實(shí)”是指譯文的思想內(nèi)容必須忠實(shí)于原文，這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)科技英語(yǔ)尤為重要，因?yàn)榭萍甲髌返娜蝿?wù)在于準(zhǔn)確而系統(tǒng)地論述科學(xué)技術(shù)問(wèn)題，它要求高度的準(zhǔn)確性，特別是對(duì)術(shù)語(yǔ)、定義、定理和結(jié)論的翻譯更應(yīng)重視。 然而，忠實(shí)原文并不是形式上保持原

27、文，而是內(nèi)容上保持原文。翻譯時(shí)切忌逐字死譯，這樣會(huì)有損原意。請(qǐng)看例句： A roughing cut is usually to be followed by a fishing cut. 粗切削通常要被精切削跟隨。 譯文的毛病在于雖然詞類或句子成分都與原文一致，保持了原文的形式，但卻失去了原文的精神。若譯成“粗切之后，通常還要精切”才算忠實(shí)原文。 翻譯的第二條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是“通順”?！巴槨笔侵缸g文的語(yǔ)言形式必須符合漢語(yǔ)規(guī)范，翻譯時(shí)要按照漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法規(guī)律和習(xí)慣來(lái)遣詞造句，做到通順易懂。但要指出，“通順”是在“忠實(shí)”的前提下，任何“順而不信”都是不行的，屬于亂譯。,看下面一個(gè)例子： The foundation of the machine should not be constructed at a place of conspicuous temperature change, due to direct sunshine, excessive heat or vibration, or at a place