新視野大學(xué)英語綜合技能訓(xùn)練第二冊Unit

1、 新視野大學(xué)英語綜合技能訓(xùn)練 Teachers Book Unit 4, Book 2Unit 4Part Listening ComprehensionA答案與詳解Section A1. 【答案與詳解】B。隱含否定。問句：你看昨晚四頻道的電影了嗎? 對方?jīng)]有直接回答，而是說：我想看來的，但有位朋友來訪，我們暢談了在校的那段日子。言外之意，就是沒有看電影。2. 【答案與詳解】D。but 句型，做好本題的關(guān)鍵是在答話的but之后：“Im still not quite sure what the meeting is about. (我還不知道會議的內(nèi)容。)”，只有D項與題意相符。3. 【答案與

2、詳解】A。答話中已給出明確的回答：不必給他(Mr. Johnson)寫信了。4. 【答案與詳解】C。隱含否定。答話中講：他到處都找遍了，最后只有空手去參加聚會。由此可推出：他并未找到借來的磁帶。5. 【答案與詳解】B。推斷題。答話先重復(fù)Carlson這個名字，然后加以確認(rèn)：帶洗澡間的一個單間在二樓。由此可排除其他三個選項。6. 【答案與詳解】A。but題型。答話一方首先肯定有平裝字典。接著用but引出補充說明部分，but之后的信息是問題的關(guān)鍵：精裝字典在削價，價格與平裝字典一樣。7. 【答案與詳解】C。同意題型。對話一方問：這些電視是最新型的嗎？對方答：當(dāng)然了。它們代表的是最新技術(shù)。實際上，我

3、們只賣上品。因此，A項“同一品牌”，B項“目前沒有最新型的”，D項“電視機銷路好”均與對話內(nèi)容不相符。8. 【答案與詳解】D。關(guān)鍵詞匯題型。只要明白習(xí)語have my hands full的意思，就會得出結(jié)論：他太忙了，沒有時間陪她同去。9. 【答案與詳解】A。關(guān)鍵詞題型。只要聽懂關(guān)鍵詞well worth(值得的)，首先選A項rewarding (值得的)，排除B、C、D三項。10.【答案與詳解】D。關(guān)鍵詞題型。只要理解關(guān)鍵詞“rain or shine”(無論晴雨)，就能明白答話的意思：“You can wear it rain or shine. (無論下雨還是晴天你都可以戴它。)” ，

4、其他三項予以排除。Section BPassage One【短文大意】本文主要介紹了Pepper在退休后，不愿悠閑地安度晚年而想從事一些工作。因此她參與了加利福尼亞大學(xué)的一個項目，在大學(xué)里開設(shè)了針對六十歲以上老年人的一門課程，她也從中了解到以前不熟悉的文化。這些老年人的參與，扭轉(zhuǎn)了人們對衰老的固有看法，使得年輕學(xué)生不再害怕衰老。11.【答案與詳解】C。短文一開始就說明：她雖已退休，但不愿悠閑地安度晚年。A、B兩項不成立。她參加了一個項目，而不是研究出一個新英語項目，正確答案是C項。12.【答案與詳解】B。細(xì)節(jié)題。她教了二十年少數(shù)民族學(xué)生。13.【答案與詳解】A。短文中提及成年人可以增加educ

5、ational resources，帶來許多有價值的經(jīng)驗，而A項對后一作用進行同義轉(zhuǎn)述。B項只是Ethbell個人的活動，不是全面概括，C項與短文內(nèi)容相反，D項在短文中沒有提及。14.【答案與詳解】D。關(guān)鍵詞題型。只要理解lesson (經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn))，答案不易選錯。Passage Two【短文大意】本文主要介紹了聽古典鋼琴曲能提高數(shù)學(xué)成績。研究人員做了一個實驗，他們要求一組大學(xué)生在數(shù)學(xué)考試前聽十八世紀(jì)的鋼琴曲，結(jié)果學(xué)生的分?jǐn)?shù)提高了八、九個點。音樂似乎能刺激大腦神經(jīng)活動，同樣也適用于解數(shù)學(xué)題這樣的大腦活動。但是搖滾樂就沒有這一作用。15.【答案與詳解】 C。主旨題。短文開門見山，提出：考試前聽古典

6、鋼琴曲，你也許會得較高分?jǐn)?shù)，并佐以例證。16.【答案與詳解】 A。因果關(guān)系題?！癟he music seems to excite nerve activities in the brain; similar to the activity that occurs when a person is figuring out a math problem. (音樂似乎能刺激大腦神經(jīng)活動，同樣也適用于解數(shù)學(xué)題這樣的大腦活動)”。A項與題意相符。17.【答案與詳解】B。由“l(fā)ast only 10 or 15 minutes”(僅僅持續(xù)十或十五分鐘)可以推斷出：持續(xù)時間不長，即與B項相吻合。Pass

7、age Three【短文大意】本文主要介紹了日本即將測試一種新型汽車裝置。此裝置由電腦控制，可以通過汽車駕駛員佩戴的腕帶傳送的信號來判斷駕駛員是否喝醉、是否打瞌睡、是否生病、是否與其他車輛距離過近，并在危險狀況下向駕駛員發(fā)出警告，警告無效則自動停車。18.【答案與詳解】C。短文首先演繹了裝置的作用，然后點明該裝置?！癮nd in this way prevent an accident (這樣會預(yù)防交通事故的發(fā)生)”，這才是安裝電腦系統(tǒng)的目的。19.【答案與詳解】B。短文結(jié)束句“The computer will sound the alarm when a problem arises.”(

8、出現(xiàn)問題，電腦會拉響警報)是該答案的出處。20.【答案與詳解】D。細(xì)節(jié)題。文中講“By analyzing the pulse rate (which measures the heart beat)，(通過對可以測量心率的脈搏率的分析)”，根據(jù)此句可以推斷答案為D項。B. Script of Unit 4Section A1. W: Did you see last nights film on Channel 4?M: Well, I meant to see it, but a friend of mine came to see me. We had a nice long talk

9、about our school days. Q: What did the man do last night?2. W: Did you get my message about the meeting on Monday? M: Yes, I did. But Im still not quite sure what the meeting is about. Not bad news, I hope. Q: What does the man wish to know most?3. W: You have arranged to meet Mr. Johnson on Wednesd

10、ay. So I dont have to write to him, do I? M: Theres no need to write to him. Q: What are the speakers talking about?4. W: Did Jack find the tape he borrowed from Paul? Do you know? : He looked everywhere for it, but in the end he had to go to the party without it. Q: What do we learn from the conver

11、sation?5. M: Hello, my name is Carlson. I believe you have a room booked for me. W: Carlson? Oh, yes, Mr. Carlson. Its a single room with a bath on the second floor. I hope it will suit you, sir. Q: What does the conversation tell us?6. M: Do you have the paperback edition of this dictionary? W: Yes

12、, we do. But the hard cover is on sale for the same price as the paperback. Q: What does the woman say about the dictionary?7. W: Are these TV sets the newest models? M: Sure. They represent the latest technology. Actually, we sell nothing but the best. Q: What does the man mean?8. W: Are you coming

13、 with me to the history museum, George? M: I already have my hands full with this book report. Q: What does the man mean?9. M: How are your piano lessons going? W: Very well. My teacher thinks Im making progress. And I find lessons well worth the time and trouble. Q: What does the woman think of her

14、 piano lessons?10. M: Is that nice-looking straw hat light and strong? W: Yes. You can wear it rain or shine. Q: What are they talking about?Section BPassage One After retiring from 30 years of teaching, Ethbell Pepper could easily have decided to sit back and relax and enjoy a peaceful retirement.

15、But that kind of life is not for Ethbell Pepper. “I just wanted to do something different. If you are going to participate in life, do it. Dont just sit down and look out the window.” She says. At 68, she decided to become one of the pioneer participants in a program at the University of California.

16、 The program offers campus housing and classes to people over sixty. She enrolled in a class called Human Relationships and Diverse Society. “I taught my minority students in my English and Drama classes in high school for 20 years. But in this course, I found out a lot about other cultures that I d

17、idnt know then. One of the most important lessons that Im learning is to perceive, not to judge.” Older adults can add to the educational resources of university by bringing with them a lot of valuable experience. Their presence on campus helps break some long believes about aging. Young students ma

18、y have fears of growing older. But that kind of fear can be reduced as they see that older people can be active, healthy, and continue to contribute to society. The younger students can begin to see aging as a natural part of living.Questions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.

19、 What did Ethbell do when she was 68?12. How long did Ethbell teach minority students?13. What do elderly people do to the university?14. Whats the most important lesson Ethbell is learning?Passage Two Do you have a tough math test coming up? Then listen to some classical piano music just before the

20、 test. You might end up with a higher score. Researchers at a university in California conducted an experiment. They asked a group of college students to listen to some piano music by a famous 18th century composer before taking a math test. They were surprised to find that the students scores jumpe

21、d 8 to 9 points. The music seems to excite nerve activities in the brain, similar to the activity that occurs when a person is figuring out a math problem. However, the scientists warn before you get too excited about applying this method to your math test, you should remember that the brain excitin

22、g effects last only 10 or 15 minutes. Would rock music work as well as the piano music did? No, the scientists say. In fact, the less complex music might even interfere with the brains reasoning ability.Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. What is this passage mainly a

23、bout?16. Why can classical music play a positive role in problem solving?17. What is one of the findings of the research?Passage Three When a sleepy driver has trouble in keeping his eyes on the road and gets too close to another car, an alarm will sound to warn the driver. If nothing is done, the c

24、ar will automatically come to a stop and in this way prevent an accident. This is a new device which will soon be tested in an experimental car in Japan. The computer warning system keeps track of a drivers condition by monitoring his heart beat with signals transmitted from a band round his wrist.

25、The wrist band records the drivers pulse which measures the heart beat. Each pulse in the wrist sends a signal to the computer. By analyzing the pulse rate, the computer can determine whether a driver is drunk, sleeping or ill. Devices in other parts of the car can also tell the computer if the car

26、is too close to another vehicle or is moving dangerously. The computer will sound the alarm when a problem arises, and will automatically stop the car if the driver ignores the warning.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. Why is a computer system installed in an experi

27、mental car?19. What did the computer system do first when a problem arises?20. What is special about the new computer system?Part Filling in the BlanksA. 同根詞填空 1. 【答案】departures【詳解】departures與其前的arrivals作showing的賓語，所以用名詞形式。departure: n.離開，離去。同根詞：depart: v.走開，離開?？键c： for動身去， from從出發(fā)，背離，違反。【譯文】售票處附近有火車

28、到達和發(fā)車的告示。2. 【答案】deduction【詳解】后面有of引導(dǎo)的短語作定語修飾，所以用名詞形式。deduction: n.推理，演繹，扣除，減除?？键c： from sth.從中扣除，從中推斷出。同根詞：deduct: v.減去，扣除?？键c： sth. from sth.從中扣除/減去?！咀g文】從賣得的價錢中扣除七十五便士用于開銷。3. 【答案】dentist【詳解】本句由名詞作主語。dentist: n.牙醫(yī)。同根詞：dental: adj.牙齒的，牙科的?！咀g文】牙醫(yī)給我們拔牙的時候，我們不覺得疼。4. 【答案】fluency【詳解】名詞作賓語。fluency: n.流利，靈活而準(zhǔn)

29、確。同根詞：fluent: adj. (語言)流利的，(文字)順暢的?！咀g文】正像我上面說過的，某些傳統(tǒng)的語言教學(xué)練習(xí)可以提高交際的流利程度。5. 【答案】specification(s)【詳解】作動詞made的賓語，用名詞形式。specification: n.規(guī)格，規(guī)格說明，具體說明。同根詞：specify: v.確切說明，明確規(guī)定，詳述；specific: adj.具體的?！咀g文】瑪麗詳細(xì)說明了聚會需要的蛋糕和糖果的種類。6. 【答案】regulate【詳解】與情態(tài)動詞can構(gòu)成合成謂語，用動詞形式。regulate: v.校準(zhǔn)(儀器、機械)，調(diào)校，(以規(guī)章制度)控制或管理。同根詞：re

30、gulation: n.管理，調(diào)校，校準(zhǔn)，規(guī)章，規(guī)則；regular: adj.規(guī)則的；regularity: n.規(guī)則，有規(guī)律；irregular: adj.沒有規(guī)則的；irregularity: n.無規(guī)則?！咀g文】你能調(diào)一下這手表以使它走時準(zhǔn)確嗎？7. 【答案】command【詳解】名詞短語的中心詞，用名詞形式。command: n.控制，掌握v.命令，控制，能適用(某事物)，掌握?？键c： of sth.使用或控制某事物的能力。同根詞：commanding: adj.有權(quán)發(fā)出正式命令的，處于控制或支配地位的；commander: n.指揮官?！咀g文】他說我精通英語。8. 【答案】host

31、s【詳解】固定搭配，be host to sb.(作為主人)招待或款待某人。host: n. (待客的)主人，(電視節(jié)目等的)主持人，大群，許多(人或事物) v.主辦或主持(某活動)，作為主人招待(某人)。考點：a of 許多，一大群。同根詞：hostess: n.女主人?！咀g文】昨晚我們招待了幾位朋友。9. 【答案】guidance【詳解】與名詞help一起作不定式的賓語，用名詞形式。guidance: n.指導(dǎo)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。同根詞：guide: v.引導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)，影響n.向?qū)?，?dǎo)游，有指導(dǎo)意義的事物，指導(dǎo)者，指南?！咀g文】你真幸運，在你年輕的時候得到這樣一個人的幫助和指導(dǎo)。10.【答案】indir

32、ectly【詳解】作整個句子的狀語，用副詞形式。indirectly: adv.間接地，不直截了當(dāng)?shù)?。同根詞：direct: adj.徑直的，直接的，直言的adv.筆直地，直接地v.給某人指路，監(jiān)督，指導(dǎo)，指示，命令；direction: n.方向，指南，說明書，指導(dǎo)，監(jiān)督；directly: adv.直接地，徑直地，立即?！咀g文】也許我對這種混淆負(fù)有次要責(zé)任。11.【答案】ceaseless【詳解】形容詞修飾名詞。ceaseless: adj.不停的，不絕的，不斷的。同根詞：cease: v.停止，中止n.停止?？键c：without 不停地，不斷地?！咀g文】由于經(jīng)過房子的車輛不斷地發(fā)出轟隆聲

33、，我們一夜沒睡。12.【答案】prosperous【詳解】形容詞作表語。prosperous: adj.成功的，興旺的，繁榮的。同根詞：prosper: v.繁榮，成功；prosperity: n.成功，富足，(經(jīng)濟的)繁榮。【譯文】失去財富之后，這家人又一點點發(fā)達起來。13.【答案】emigrated【詳解】作謂語，用動詞形式。emigrate: v.移居國外?？键c： fromto從移居到。同根詞：emigration: n.移民出境，僑居，總稱移民；emigrant: n.移居外國者，移民?！咀g文】愛因斯坦從德國移居到美國。14.【答案】forbidding【詳解】作定語修飾后面的名詞，所

34、以用形容詞形式。forbidding: adj.樣子冷淡的，嚴(yán)峻的，令人生畏的。同根詞：forbid: v.禁止，不準(zhǔn)?！咀g文】因為她性格冷淡，慢慢才能交上朋友。15.【答案】remark【詳解】依題意，這里應(yīng)用名詞形式。be worthy of sth.或be worthy to do sth.值得做某事。remark: v.談?wù)摶蛟u論(某事物)，注意n.評論?？键c： on/upon sth./sb. 對某人/某事加以評論。同根詞：remarkable: adj.值得注意的，不尋常的?？键c： for sth.因而引人注目。【譯文】這部電影很糟糕，以至于不值得評論。16.【答案】suggest

35、ion【詳解】名詞作賓語。suggestion: n.提議，意見，暗示。同根詞：suggest: vt.建議，提出?？键c： doing sth./that建議做某事。suggestible: adj.耳根軟的，可建議的，容易受暗示影響的；suggestive: adj.提示的，啟發(fā)的，暗示的?！咀g文】不久他就建議他們用法語來繼續(xù)交談。17.【答案】conducted【詳解】過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。conduct: v.引導(dǎo)，管理，傳導(dǎo)。同根詞：conductor: n.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，經(jīng)理，導(dǎo)體；conduction: n.傳導(dǎo)；conductive: adj.傳導(dǎo)的?！咀g文】不管對還是錯，他對應(yīng)該如何

36、導(dǎo)入課程有自己的想法。18.【答案】bored【詳解】以人作主語，用bored，以物作主語，用boring。bored: adj.無聊的，無趣的，煩人的。同根詞：bore: v.使厭煩n.惹人厭煩的人或事；boredom: n.厭煩；boring: adj.令人厭煩的。【譯文】日復(fù)一日的常規(guī)工作讓我覺得枯燥無味。19.【答案】rainy【詳解】形容詞作定語修飾后面的名詞。rainy: adj.下雨的，多雨的。同根詞：rain: n.雨v.下雨?！咀g文】真是多雨的天氣?。?0.【答案】warmth【詳解】介詞短語的中心詞，用名詞形式。warmth: n.暖和，溫暖，熱心，熱情。同根詞：warm:

37、 adj.暖和的v.使暖和?！咀g文】他極熱情地表達了自己的觀點。B. 動詞短語后面的介詞和副詞填空 (單元常用動詞：live/ pay/ leave/ dream)1. 【答案】with【詳解】live with:接受或容忍?！咀g文】你必須學(xué)著接受壓力。2. 【答案】off/on【詳解】live off/on:靠吃生活?！咀g文】非洲的一些放牛人完全依靠牛制品來生活。3. 【答案】up to【詳解】live up to:達到(某標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、高度等)，使行為和相符?！咀g文】他們希望他不辜負(fù)他們的期望。4. 【答案】on/off【詳解】live on/off:靠(收入)生活，靠(別人的錢)生活?！咀g文】鮑

38、勃生病后，全家人靠他妻子賺的錢生活。5. 【答案】out 【詳解】live out:做自己計劃或希望做的事?！咀g文】這些錢使他們實現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。6. 【答案】through【詳解】live through:經(jīng)受住，度過，經(jīng)歷過還活著?！咀g文】很難描述她經(jīng)歷過的夢魘。7. 【答案】back【詳解】pay back:償還(借款等)，報答回報，報復(fù)?！咀g文】你能借我十美元嗎？我周五還你。8. 【答案】out【詳解】pay out:花費(金錢等)，付出(款項)?！咀g文】你搬進新居以后，就該花錢了。9. 【答案】up【詳解】pay up:付清欠債，還清欠款。【譯文】房東要求這個人要么付清欠款，要么進監(jiān)

39、獄。10.【答案】off【詳解】pay off:償清欠債，付清工資予以解雇?！咀g文】預(yù)計很快又有二十人會被付清工資后打發(fā)掉。11.【答案】of/about【詳解】dream of/about:夢想，渴望，向往，想到?！咀g文】我年輕的時候夢想成為一名醫(yī)生。12.【答案】up【詳解】dream up:憑空想出，虛構(gòu)?！咀g文】在業(yè)余時間里，他總是想出一些新發(fā)明。13.【答案】behind【詳解】leave behind:留下，忘記帶走，把丟在后面，超過?！咀g文】飛機就要起飛了，我忘記了帶機票。14.【答案】for【詳解】leave for:動身去(某地)，(把)留給(某人)?！咀g文】對不起，他剛剛動

40、身去倫敦了，我能帶個口信嗎？15.【答案】out【詳解】leave out:遺漏，省略，忽視，留出供使用?！咀g文】她讀這個句子時漏掉了兩個詞。16.【答案】by【詳解】live by:按照(原則、規(guī)律等)生活，靠為生?！咀g文】我一直都努力按照父母教導(dǎo)我的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)生活。17.【答案】for【詳解】live for:為而生存，以為生活目的?！咀g文】她是為他人而活著的那種女人。18.【答案】for【詳解】pay for:為付錢，為付出代價，賠償。【譯文】我會給你上英語課，但你一定要付錢給我。19.【答案】off【詳解】leave off:停止，中止?！咀g文】我正在看書，可是當(dāng)孩子們放學(xué)回家時，我就不

41、看了。20.【答案】about【詳解】leave about: (東西)亂扔亂放?！咀g文】這個護士以自己的工作為榮：她本不該亂扔?xùn)|西。C. 單元動詞live/ pay/ dream/ leave相關(guān)的短語1. live live down靠以后行為洗清污名 live for為而生存，以為生活目的 live in住在工作的地方 live over again重新生活，再生，重溫 live to活到 live together共同生活，居住在一起 live under生活在的統(tǒng)治之下2. pay pay away支付(錢款)，放出，放松 pay down付現(xiàn)款，先付部分貨款(然后分期付款) pay

42、 in繳納款項，付款，把(錢等)存入(銀行) pay with用付(債款等)，以報答3. dream dream away (在遐想中)虛度(光陰)4. leave leave alone讓獨自留著，不管，不理會，更不用說 leave aside不予考慮，放在一邊 leave down讓留在下邊，讓(聲音)小些 leave in留在里面，保留 leave on把留在上 leave out of從中漏掉 leave over留下，剩下，把留待以后處理Part Error CorrectionA. 語法項目非謂語動詞 (2)三、分詞(一) 概說1、分詞是動詞的非限定形式之一，主要起形容詞和副詞作用

43、，在句子中可作定語、表語、狀語、賓語補足語。在謂語中也可幫助構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)或被動語態(tài)。2、分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。這兩種分詞在句中擔(dān)任的成分大體相同，但所表達的意思不同?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動或進行中，而過去分詞則表示被動或已經(jīng)完成。3、分詞可有自己的狀語a)，或賓語b)，有時可以有它單獨的邏輯上的主語c)。e.g. a) We saw a boat coming slowly towards us. 我們看見一只船徐徐向我們開來。This is a book written by a 19th-century writer. 這是一位十九世紀(jì)作家寫的一本書。b) When I entered

44、the room, I found her writing something. 我進屋時，發(fā)現(xiàn)她在寫什么。Given enough time, we can do it well too. 給我們充分的時間，我們也能做好。c) Mother being ill, I had to stay at home. 媽媽病了，我只好待在家里。The girl sat there silently, her head bent low.這姑娘一聲不響，低著頭坐在那里。4、分詞的表現(xiàn)形式：現(xiàn)在分詞主動形式被動形式一般式完成式doinghaving donebeing donehaving been do

45、ne過去分詞過去分詞只有一般形式，表示完成和被動(二) 大學(xué)英語四、六級考試中常常涉及的分詞問題1、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式和被動形式的用法現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式主要用在狀語中，通常只作時間狀語和原因狀語。它具有先時性，表示這個動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。e.g. a) Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide. 這個地方他去過多次，因此他主動提出給我們當(dāng)向?qū)?。b) Not making adequate preparations, they thought it better to postpone the excursion

46、 till next week. 由于準(zhǔn)備工作沒有做好，他們認(rèn)為還是把遠(yuǎn)足延期到下周為好。c) The guests having left, they resumed their discussion. 客人走了之后，他們又繼續(xù)討論?，F(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式(being + V-ed)：在表示一個被動動作時，如果這動作是此刻正在進行的動作或是與謂語表示的動作同時發(fā)生的，可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式a)。它在句子中可作定語、狀語或構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。如果一個被動的動作先于謂語動作發(fā)生，則用現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動形式b)。e.g. a) That building being repaired is our libr

47、ary. 現(xiàn)在翻修的那座樓是我們的圖書館。(正在進行)Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. 有一堵厚墻保護著，他們感到很安全。(同時發(fā)生)Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere. 你會發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都在談?wù)撨@個話題。(正在進行)b) Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away? 人家給她這樣一個好機會，她怎么能輕易放過呢?The decision having

48、been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan. 決定已經(jīng)做出，下個問題就是如何制定一個好的規(guī)劃了。All the compositions having been written and collected, the teacher sent the students home.作文都寫完收齊之后，老師送學(xué)生們回家。2、獨立結(jié)構(gòu)問題在用分詞短語作狀語時，它邏輯上的主語一般必須與句子的主語一致。如果不一致時，就必須加上另外一個邏輯主語。當(dāng)分詞短語有了自己獨立的邏輯主語時，我們稱此結(jié)構(gòu)為“獨立結(jié)構(gòu)”。獨立結(jié)構(gòu)在句中主要作伴隨狀語a)

49、，也可表時間b)，原因c)，條件d)，有時也可以對前面的一個名詞加以說明e)。e.g. a) Then her eyes sparking again, she added, “You should see what the people eat today.”然后，她又目光炯炯地接著說，“你應(yīng)該看看今天人們的飲食。”He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他滿臉是汗，跑進屋來。b) The shower being over (=When the shower was over), we continued to march

50、.陣雨過后，我們繼續(xù)行進。c) Her eyes dimmed with tears, she did not see him enter. 淚水模糊了她的眼睛，他進來時她沒有看見。d) Weather permitting, well have an outing tomorrow. 如果天氣允許，我們明天要去郊游。e) There are two doors, one leading to the living room, the other (leading) to the kitchen.有兩扇門，一扇通向居室，一扇通向廚房。There were two small gathering

51、s, each attended by some students. 有兩個小型的集會，每一個都有一些學(xué)生參加。3、分詞用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的問題：分詞在see，hear，watch，keep，find，get，have，feel等動詞之后，可以與其前面的一個名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。分詞在此結(jié)構(gòu)中充當(dāng)賓語補足語。e.g. a) Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window. 忽然他聽見有人輕輕地敲著窗戶。b) She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nurs

52、ery. 她高興地看到孩子們在托兒所受到了很好的照顧?！咀⒁狻吭趕ee，hear，feel，watch，notice等動詞之后既可用現(xiàn)在分詞，也可用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。使用時，要注意其中的差別：用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動作正在發(fā)生(即處在發(fā)生的過程中，還沒有結(jié)束) a)，用不定式，表示動作發(fā)生了(即動作的全過程結(jié)束了) b)。e.g. a) Did you hear someone knocking at the door?(比較：Someone is knocking at the door; do you hear?) 有人敲門你聽見了嗎?b) Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times. 是的，我聽見他敲了三下。使役動詞與賓語補足語：使役動詞have/get后面的賓語可用過去分詞作補語，構(gòu)成“have +O + V-ed”或“g