Module1Lifeinthefuture語言點(diǎn)知識(shí)梳理

1、Module 1 Life in the future 語言點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)重點(diǎn)單詞alternative, load, charge, attach, command, arrest, power, at, switch重點(diǎn)短語run out, place an order/orders, would like, rely on/upon, for sure, carry out, get rid of 重點(diǎn)句型tooto 結(jié)構(gòu)表肯定含義no matter知識(shí)講解重點(diǎn)單詞alternative【原句回放】 We will also have to rely more on alternative

2、energy, such as solar and wind power. 我們也將不得不更多地依賴替代來源，例如太陽能和風(fēng)能?！军c(diǎn)撥】 alternative adj. 替換的；供選擇的； n. 可供選擇的事物have no alternative/choice but to do 別無選擇只能 alternative ways 可供選擇的方法Do you have an alternative solution to the problem? 你有沒有別的辦法來解決這個(gè)問題？【拓展】 alternatively adv. 二者擇一地 alternative, choice 區(qū)別：alter

3、native 意為“取舍，抉擇”，一般指從兩者中選擇一個(gè)，只限辦法、打算，而不能指具體 的事物。 choice 意為“選擇”，強(qiáng)調(diào)自由的選擇，不管選擇方式及對(duì)象的多少。We had no alternative/choice but to fire him. 我們別無他法，只能辭退了他。What influenced you most in your choice of career? 在你選擇職業(yè)時(shí)對(duì)你影響最大的是什么？ load【原句回放】 To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with was

4、te materials 為了擺脫垃圾問題的困擾，城市將會(huì)用巨型宇宙飛船裝載廢棄材料【點(diǎn)撥】 load n. 負(fù)荷；重?fù)?dān)；裝載量； v. 裝 （載） ；使擔(dān)負(fù)loadinto把裝進(jìn)loadwith給 裝上/加上be loaded with 裝載有，負(fù)擔(dān)有be/take a load off sb.心上的石I頭落地，使 如釋重負(fù)The good news has taken a load off my mind.聽了這條好消息我就放心了。The workers are loading the ship with coal.工人正把煤裝上船。He went home loaded with hon

5、ours.他載譽(yù)回鄉(xiāng)。charge【原句回放】 All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others, will be provided free of charge by the city. 所有的娛樂形式，例如電影院、保齡球、壘球、音樂會(huì) 和其他等等都將由該市政府免費(fèi)提供?！军c(diǎn)撥】 charge v. 收費(fèi)；充電；指控，指責(zé)； n. 收費(fèi)，要價(jià)；指控；掌管 take charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管 （動(dòng)作 ） in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管 （狀態(tài) ）in/un der t h

6、e charge of由負(fù)責(zé)free of charge（ = for free） 免費(fèi) the charge for sth. 某物的收費(fèi) charge sb. for sth. 為某物向某人收費(fèi) charge sb. with sth. 因某事控告某人 As long as youve paid in advance we wcohnarge youfotr delivery.只要你預(yù)先付款，我們就不收你送貨費(fèi)。These patients are in/under the charge of Dr. Wilson.這些病人是威爾遜醫(yī)生負(fù)責(zé)治療的。Tom took charge of th

7、e government after the military took over in 1975.1975 年軍事政變后湯姆掌管了政府?！就卣埂窟@三個(gè)單詞雖然都與 “價(jià)錢，價(jià)格”有關(guān)，但三者的真正含義和用途是不一樣的，區(qū) 別如下：charge 一般是賣者或提供服務(wù)者索要的費(fèi)用” ”All goods are delivered free of charge.所有商品免費(fèi)送貨。price 一般指商品的售價(jià)，有時(shí)是泛指 “物價(jià)”。What is the price of this table?這個(gè)桌子是什么價(jià)格？Prices in this country are very high.這個(gè)國(guó)家的

8、物價(jià)很高。cost則指生產(chǎn)某東西的成本，或者某服務(wù)或活動(dòng)所花的費(fèi)用。The company admits its costs are still too high. 該公司承認(rèn)其成本仍然過高。attach【原句回放】 Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras attached to their head. 年長(zhǎng)的市民和殘疾人通過使用綁在頭上的高新 技術(shù)相機(jī)可以周游世界?！军c(diǎn)撥】 attach v. 將某物系在、縛在或附

9、在（另一物 ）上；附加 （署名、文件等 ）；使（組織 ）屬于（附屬） 由由；使（人）屬于由由；給予 （重要性 ）；認(rèn)為；歸于attach to 把連/拴/裝 /貼在上面be attached to sth. /sb. 被裝 /綁/固定/粘在由 由上；喜歡，依戀（某人 ）attach importance/significanee to重視，認(rèn)為 很重要Attach a recent photo to your application form. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谇舐毐砩腺N一張最近的照片。She attaches great importance to regular exercise. 她認(rèn)為定期鍛煉很重

10、要。She attached a stamp to the envelope and then mailed it. 她在信封上貼上郵票，然后寄了出去。He attached his signature to the contract. 他在合同書上簽了字。You ll be attached to this department until the end of the years. 你在年底前將暫屬于這一部門。注意： attach 為一詞多義動(dòng)詞，常為考查的對(duì)象。其拼寫形式要和動(dòng)詞 attack “襲擊；攻擊 ” 和 attract 吸“引 ”區(qū)別開來。command【原句回放】 In t

11、he future all shopping will be done on line, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders. 將來所有的購物都將在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行，商品目錄將會(huì)有語音指令來下 訂單?！军c(diǎn)撥】 command n. & v. 命令；控制；指揮at command 掌握；可自由使用at sb. s comm聽某人支酉己by sb. s command某人支酉己 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 have a good comma nd of 精通in comma nd of 某人統(tǒng)帥”

12、,主語為人in the command of 某物“在某人的統(tǒng)治之下 ”，主語一般是物。You must obey the captain s commands.你必須服從船長(zhǎng)的命令。He has 1,200 men under his command.他掌管著 1,200 人。arrest【原句回放】 Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns. 警察逮捕罪犯時(shí)，將會(huì) 向罪犯射出網(wǎng)狀物而不是槍。【點(diǎn)撥】 arrest n.&/v. 逮捕、阻止、吸引某人的注意力be under arrest被逮捕，被拘留，成為囚犯pl

13、ace/put sb. under arrest 逮捕 /拘留某人The police man arrested the man for speeding. 警察逮捕了那個(gè)超速行駛的人。Attempts are being made to arrest the spread of the disease. 人們努力阻止疾病的蔓延。An unusual painting arrested his attention.一幅不同尋常的畫吸引了他的注意力。power【原句回放】 All cars will be powered by electricity， solar energy or wind，

14、 and it will be possible to change the color at the flick of a switch. 所有的汽車都將由電力、太陽能和風(fēng)能提供動(dòng)力， 并且只要輕輕按一下開關(guān)就能夠改變汽車的顏色?！军c(diǎn)撥】 power n.& v. 能源，提供能源。come into power 掌握政權(quán)，得勢(shì)in power 當(dāng)權(quán)out of/beyond one s 力所e不能及solar energy 太陽能（能量中只有太陽能用“ energy）”wind power 風(fēng)能water power 水能This is a fan powered by electricit

15、y. 這是一臺(tái)靠電提供能源的風(fēng)扇。at【原句回放】 .and it will be possible to ch ange the colour of cars at the flick of a switch. 并 且只要輕輕按一下開關(guān)就能夠改變汽車的顏色?！军c(diǎn)撥】句中的at意思為 一（就會(huì)發(fā)生）”。類似的短語還有：at the thought of 一想到就；at the sight of 一看到就；at the news of 一聽到的消息就They began shooting at the sight of the enemy plane.一看見敵機(jī)他們就開始射擊。She burst

16、 out crying at the news.她一知道這消息就放大聲大哭起來。switch【原句回放】 All cars will be powered by electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possible to change the colour of cars at the flick of a switch. 所有的汽車都將由電能、太陽能或風(fēng)能提 供動(dòng)力，并且只要輕輕按一下開關(guān)就能汽車的顏色?！军c(diǎn)撥】 switch n. 開關(guān)，變換； vi. 交換，調(diào)換at the flick of a switch 輕輕一觸開關(guān)s

17、witch on 打開（電器 ）switch off 關(guān)上switch the light on/off 開/關(guān)電燈switch the discussion to another topic 換一個(gè)討論題目Estonia is switching to a market economy.愛沙尼亞正在向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌。We had to make a switch in our arrangements.我們不得不對(duì)我們的安排作些變動(dòng)。重點(diǎn)短語run outs natural【原句回放】 In the future, care for the environment will become ve

18、ry important as earth resources run out. 在未來，愛護(hù)環(huán)境將會(huì)變得很重要，因?yàn)榈厍蛏系馁Y源將瀕臨枯竭。【點(diǎn)撥】 run out （供應(yīng)品 ）用完，耗盡Conditions are getting worse and supplies are running out.情況越來越糟糕，貯備物資也快用完了。When does the lease of the house run out?這房子的租約何時(shí)到期？【拓展】表示 用完”的相關(guān)表達(dá)還有：use up用完；耗盡；give out分發(fā)，發(fā)布，公布；被 用完，耗盡。 run out 是不及物動(dòng)詞短語，其主語通

19、常是時(shí)間、金錢、食物等無生命的名詞。 run out of 則是及物動(dòng)詞短語， 主語是人， 后接賓語。 use up 是及物動(dòng)詞短語， 相當(dāng)于 run out of;而give out是不及物動(dòng)詞短語，表示某物）用完了，沒有了 ”，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。We are running out of/ using up petrol.我們的汽油快用光了。The project is running into financial difficulties.這一項(xiàng)目遇到了財(cái)務(wù)困難。They have run out of ideas. 他們已經(jīng)想不出任何辦法了。place an order/orders【原句回

20、放】 In the future all shopping will be done on line, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders. 將來所有的購物都將在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行，商品目錄將會(huì)有語音指令來下 訂單?！军c(diǎn)撥】 place an order/orders 訂購Id like to place an order for some tea with you. 我想從貴公司訂購一些茶葉。Can I have a 10% discount if I place an order for 5000 ton? 如果我訂購 50

21、00 噸，可否得到 10%的折扣？ would like【原句回放】 Would you like to live in it? 你愿意住在里面嗎？【點(diǎn)撥】 would like 想；愿意 would like sth. 想要某物 would like to do sth. 想做某事 would like sb. to do sth. 想讓某人做某事 would like to have done sth. 想做某事 ( 但沒做成 ) I would like a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。Would you like to stay there long? 你想在那兒久留嗎？I wo

22、uld like you to come here early tomorrow. 我想讓你明天早點(diǎn)來這兒。I would like to have attended your birthday party last week, but I was ill. 上周我本想去參加你的生日聚會(huì)，可我病了?！就卣埂?would like 也可用 should like, would/should love 等替換，但 would like 適用于各種 人稱， should like 多用于第一人稱。would like/love后接不定式時(shí)，在簡(jiǎn)略回答中常用省略形式，只保留不定式符號(hào)to,不定式的完成

23、形式保留到 to have。rely on/upon【原句回放】 We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power. 我們也將不得不更多地依賴替代來源,例如太陽能和風(fēng)能?！军c(diǎn)撥】 rely on/upon 依靠,信賴,指望rely on sb. to do sth. / sb. ( s) doin指望或依賴某人做某事rely on sb. /sth. for sth. 依靠獲得rely on it that指望相信，rely on后面用that從句作賓語時(shí)，中間需要加形式賓語it

24、。Many people now rely on the Internet for news.現(xiàn)在很多人依賴互聯(lián)網(wǎng)獲得新聞。You can rely on it that I will visit you this weekend.你放心好了, 本周末我一定看你?！就卣埂勘硎?“依賴 ”的相關(guān)表達(dá)還有： count on 依靠,信賴,指望； depend on 依靠,信賴； 取決于You may rely/depend/count on me to help you.你可以依靠我來幫助你的。How much is produced depends on how hard we work. 產(chǎn)量

25、的大小在于我們努力的程度。for sure【原句回放】 No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. 沒有人確切地 了解，預(yù)測(cè)也是一件很冒險(xiǎn)的事?！军c(diǎn)撥】 for sure 肯定地Hell be here for sure within an hour. 他肯定一小時(shí)內(nèi)會(huì)到這兒。I think he lives here but I could not say for sure. 我認(rèn)為他住在這但我不確信?！就卣埂縝e sure to do 一定會(huì) （主語為人或物） 說話人推測(cè) 一定；必然會(huì)”；be sur

26、e of doing 確信會(huì)（主語只為人）;sb. be sure that主語感到 有把握；確信”。carry out【原句回放】 Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic. 隨著每個(gè)城 市擁有自己的遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù)門診部， 醫(yī)生將能在數(shù)千英里以外實(shí)施手術(shù)， 遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù)將會(huì)變得非常 普通?！军c(diǎn)撥】 carry out 履行，實(shí)行，執(zhí)

27、行，進(jìn)行 （實(shí)驗(yàn)等 ）Make sure the firm is competent to carry out the work. 要確保這家公司有能力完成這項(xiàng)工作。The authority failed to carry out its statutory duties. 主管部門未履行自己的法定職責(zé)。He hasnt the funds to carry out his design. 他沒有資金來施行他的計(jì)劃?！就卣埂?carry away 帶走；使激動(dòng)得失去自制能力carry back 拿回；使回想起carry on （with） 進(jìn)行下去，繼續(xù)下去get rid of【原句回放】

28、To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials為了擺脫垃圾問題的困擾，城市將會(huì)用巨型宇宙飛船裝載廢棄材料【點(diǎn)撥】 get rid of 擺脫，去掉，除去He can t get rid of the cold.他無法擺脫寒冷。You should get rid of your bad habit.你應(yīng)該改掉壞習(xí)慣。How to get rid of the waste materials is a big problem.如何處理這些廢料是一個(gè)大問題。He can

29、t get rid of his headache.他的頭痛老是不好。It is very hard to get rid of it once a bad habit is formed. 壞習(xí)慣一旦養(yǎng)成就很難去掉。【拓展】 rid sb. of 使擺脫，使去掉He has rid himself of smoking.他讓自己擺脫了香煙。重點(diǎn)句型tooto 結(jié)構(gòu)表肯定含義【原句回放】 I m too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future. 我目前正忙于享受生 活而沒有為將來而擔(dān)憂?！军c(diǎn)撥】 too. to 太 而不能 The

30、 print is too small for me to read without glasses. 印刷字體太小，我不戴眼鏡就看不清。但是， too to 在下列情況下表示肯定含義：1. 當(dāng) too 后是 glad，pleased，happy，delighted， satisfied， ready ， willing ， eager， anxious 等形容詞時(shí)。They are too anxious to leave. 他們急于離開。He is always too ready to help others. 他總是樂于助人。2. 與這些詞連用時(shí)， too 前還常加上 only ， all ， but，just，simply 等副詞，意思不變，因?yàn)?這些詞加上 too 后與 very 同義。I m o