高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專練--冠詞

1、第二章冠詞2.1 不定冠詞的用法冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒(méi)有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。英語(yǔ)中的冠詞有三種，一種是定冠詞（ the definite article），另一種是不定冠詞（the indefinite article），還有一種是零冠詞（zero article）。不定冠詞 a (an)與數(shù)詞 one 同源，是一個(gè)的意思。a 用于輔音音素前，一般讀作e，而 an 則用于元音音素前，一般讀做en。1) 表示一個(gè)，意為 one；指某人或某物，意為 a certain。a mr. ling is waiting for you.2) 代表一類人或物。a knif

2、e is a tool for cutting with.mr. smith is an engineer.3) 詞組或成語(yǔ)。a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden2.2 定冠詞的用法定冠詞 the 與指

3、示代詞 this，that 同源，有那（這）個(gè)的意思，但較弱，可以和一個(gè)名詞連用，來(lái)表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。 1）特指雙方都明白的人或物：take the medicine. 把藥吃了。2）上文提到過(guò)的人或事：he bought a house. ive been to the house.他買了幢房子。我去過(guò)那幢房子。3）指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物：the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth4）單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，如：the dollar 美元;the fox 狐貍；或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。

4、5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)，及形容詞 only， very， same 等前面：where do you live? i live on the second floor.你住在哪？我住在二層。thats the very thing ive been looking for. 6）與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指整個(gè)群體：they are the teachers of this school.指全體教師) they are teachers of this school. (指部分教師)那正是我要找的東西。7）表示所有，相當(dāng)于物主代詞，用在表示身體部位的名詞前：she caught me by the

5、 arm. 她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級(jí)、等專有名詞前：the peoples republic of china中華人民共和國(guó)the united states美國(guó)9）用在表示樂(lè)器的名詞之前：she plays the piano. 她會(huì)彈鋼琴。10) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人：the greens格林一家人 (或格林夫婦)11) 用在慣用語(yǔ)中：in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday, th

6、e next morning,in the sky (water，field ，country)in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,in the middle (of), in the end,on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre2.3 零冠詞的用法1) 國(guó)名，人名前通常不用定冠詞：england，mary；2）泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物時(shí)，可不用定冠詞；they are teachers. 他們是教師。3）抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞；failure is the mother o

7、f success. 失敗乃成功之母。4）物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞，當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí)，需要加定冠詞；man cannot live without water.人離開(kāi)水就無(wú)法生存。5）在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前，不加冠詞；we go to school from monday to friday. 6）在稱呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞；我們從星期一到星期五都上課。the guards took the american to general lee.士兵們把這個(gè)美國(guó)人送到李將軍那里。7）在三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂(lè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前，不加冠詞 如：hav

8、e breakfast，play chess 8）當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí)，常省去冠詞；i cant write without pen or pencil.沒(méi)有鋼筆和鉛筆，我就寫不了字。9） 當(dāng) by 與火車等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時(shí)，中間無(wú)冠詞；by bus，by train；10） 有些個(gè)體名詞不用冠詞；如：school，college，prison，market， hospital，bed ，table，class， town，church， court 等個(gè)體名詞，直接置于介詞后，表示該名詞 的深層含義；go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病go to the hospital

9、 11)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞； a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞 c. 在固定詞組中he came first in the race.at (the) first,first of all, from first to last2.4 冠詞與形容詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu) 1) 兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞，表示兩個(gè)不同東西。he raises a black and a white cat.the black and the white cats are hers. 2) 如后一個(gè)形容詞無(wú)冠詞，則指一物。他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓。 這只黑貓和白貓都是他的。he rai

10、ses a black and white cat. 2.5 冠詞的位置他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。1) 不定冠詞位置不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前。注意：a. 位于下列形容詞之后： such，what，many，half， i have never seen such an animal.many a man is fit for the job.b. 當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞 as, so, too, how, however, enough 修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后：it is as pleasant a day as i have ever spent.s o short a time.t

11、 oo long a distance.c. quite，rather 與單數(shù)名詞連用，冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng) rather，quite 前仍有形容詞，不定冠詞放其前后均可。如：quite a lotd. 在 as，though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)標(biāo)語(yǔ)為形容詞修飾的名詞時(shí)，不定冠詞放形容詞后：brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他盡管勇敢，可見(jiàn)到蛇還是發(fā)抖。當(dāng)名詞被比較級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞通常置于比較級(jí)形容詞之后。2) 定冠詞位置定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前，但放在 all， both，double

12、，half，twice，three times 等詞之后，名詞之前。 all the students in the class went out. 班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。冠 詞( )1.young disney didnt lose _ heart after he failed to get the job in the newspaper office.a. a b. / c. the d. his( )2.several years later, chaplin made _ second trip to the states. at that time, he got his fi

13、rstfilm part in his life.a. a b. the c. / d. one( )3.what drink would you like, sir? _, pleasea. a bottle of coffee b. a coffee c. the orange d. cup of coffee( )4.the singer usually sings while playing _ guitar.a. a b. an c. the d. /( )5.thousands of new buildings have been put up to take _ place of

14、 those which were burnt down in the big fire.a. a b. an c. the d. /( )6.ive got _ information for all the computer now.a. a b. an c. the d. /( )7.it would be _ waste of money to buy such a small dictionary.a. a b. an c. the d. /( )8.miss yang is _ only person in her office that can speak both englis

15、h and japanese.a. an b. a c. the d./( )9.you are ill. youd better go to _ hospital.a. / b. the c. a d. an( )10.in _ middle of _ night _ strong wind began to blow.a. /, a, a b. the, the, a c. the, a, a d. the, the, the( )11.i took the old man by _ hand.a. the b. his c. her d. a( )12.what _ beautiful

16、music she is playing!a. a b. the c. an d. /( )13. _ students of my school watch _ tv news every evening.a. the，/ b. /，the c. /, / d. the, the( )14.they had to take care of _ sick and wounded.a. a b. the c. an d. /( )15.yesterday my teacher told us _ news.a. a good b. such a good c. an d. a piece of

17、good( )16.when do you have _ breakfast every day.a. a b. an c. the d. /( )17.i usually go out for _ walk after _ supper.a. a, / b. a, the c. /, / d. the, /( )18.she was playing _ piano while he was playing _ basketballa. a, / b. the , / c. a, an d. /, /( )19. _ turners are very friendly. they usuall

18、y have a party on _ sundays.a. /, / b. the, / c. the, the d. /, the( )20.mary is _ american. she comes from _ unite states of _ america.a. an, the, / b. a ,the, / c. /, the ,the d. /, /, /( )21. _ peoples republic of _ china was founded on _ october 1,1949.a. /, the, the b. the, the , / c. the, /, /

19、 d. /, /, /( )22.he was elected _ chairman of the sports meet.a, the b. a c. an d./th( )23. _ horse is _ useful animal.a. a, a b. the, an c. /, the d. the, the( )24.ive waited for you _ hour and _ halfa. /, a b. a，/ c. a, an d.an，a( )25.the girl told him that it was her _ job.a. first b. one c. the

20、first d. a( )26. _ moon is high, and _ sky is blue.a. the, the b. /, the c. /, / d. the, /( )27.have you ever been in _ aero plane?a. the b, an c. a d./( )28. _ weather is nice, with _ fresh breeze blowing.a. the, the b. the, an c. a, a d. the, a( )29.there is _ h in the word home.a. a b. an c. the

21、d./( )30.my father bought me _ bike, and i go to school by _ bike every day.a. an, a b. the, the c. a, / d. an, the( )31. _ man cant live without _ air.a. the, the b. a, a c. /, a d. a, /( )32. _ twenty fifth of december is _ christmas day.a. the, a b. the, the c. a, the d. the, /( )33. _ september

22、10 is _ teachers day.a. the, the b. the, / c. /, the d. /, /( )34.does your aunt often play _ violin?a. a b. an c. the d. /( )35. _ sun is much hotter than fire on _ earth.a. the, a b. a, the c. a, a d. the, the( )36.alice like playing _ piano while henry is interested in listening to _ musica. a, the b. a, a c. the, / d. the, the( )37.you will find the story at _ eighth page.a. a b. the c. an d./( )38.we all know jack is _ honest boy.a. an b. a c. / d. one( )39.lets go and have _ walk around _ school.a. the, a b. a,