北京專版)2020中考英語復(fù)習(xí)方案第三篇提分題型專練閱讀理解05人造肉如何決定網(wǎng)絡(luò)真假試題

1、閱讀理解 （五） 人造肉+如何決定 +網(wǎng)絡(luò)真假A 2019 門頭溝二模 The UK should start producing lab- grown meat to help solve the world s food crisis （ 危機(jī) ）, according to a research group. A report by the Adam Smith Institute says meat made in a laboratory is better for the environment and would be cheaper than meat produced fro

2、m farm animals.Need for meat around the world is expected to increase by 70% by the year 2050. So could people be eating lab-grown meat in the future? Usually animals like cows are killed to produce the meat that people eat, but scientists have found a way to make meat in a laboratory without killin

3、g any animals.Animals are made up of cells （細(xì)胞 ）. Scientists worked out how to take cells from an animal,like a cow, and multiply （繁殖 ） them in a dish. In the end from one tiny cell, tens of billionsof cells can be grown. These join together to form meat.In 2013, the first hamburger grown this way w

4、as eaten in London. It took a year to produce and cost over 200,000 to make. Dr Mark Post, who created the world s first hamburger from meat grown in a lab, told the BBCit “ tastes exactly the same as the meat we know” . When two food critics（ 評(píng) 論家 ） tried the burger in 2013, one said it was “close

5、to meat ” and another said it tasted like a real hamburger. It s not just beef that is being created; companies are also working on other meat like turkey and chicken.The AdamS mith Institute says moving away from the present way meat is produced would help reduce greenhouse emissions（ 排放 ） by up to

6、 96% and free up 99% of the land used in farming worldwide. They also think it will reduce chances of food poisoning（中毒 ） because the meat is grown under suchcontrolled conditions. Jamie Hollywood from the Adam Smith Institute also told theBBC lab-grownmeat could be a lot cheaper. He says the price

7、has gone down in five years from 200,000 to 8,so in the future it could be even less.1. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is. （ ）A. what lab-grown meat isB. how lab-grown meat is madeC. what lab-grown meat tastes likeD. when people can eat lab-grown meat2. The writer mentions two food critics in Paragrap

8、h 4 to show that. （ ）A. lab-grown meat is cheaperB. chicken can be made in the labC. lab-grown meat tastes similar to animals meatD. English people first tasted lab-grown meat3. The writer probably agrees that. ( )A. lab-grown meat will cause a lot of problemsB. lab- grown meat tastes better than an

9、imals meatC. making lab-grown meat will cost too much moneyD. lab- grown meat can help solve the world s food crisis4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?( )A. Could lab-grown meat be the future of food?B. What does lab-grown meat taste like?C. When could people eat lab-g

10、rown meat?D. What is lab-grown meat and how is it made?B 2019 東城一模 I recently spent an evening trying to choose a cup on Amazon. Nearly an hour later, after having read countless reviews about dozens of kinds, I felt tired and simply gave up. The next day, I happily bought the only kind the local st

11、ore offered.Too many choices make us tired and unhappy and lead us to avoid making a decision sometimes. Researcher Barry Schwartz calls this“ choice overload ” . “ As the number of options( 可選擇的事物 ) increases, the costs in time and effort of collecting the information needed to make a good choice a

12、lso increase, ” writes Schwartz. “ The level of certainty people have about their choice decreases. And the possibility that they will regret their choice increases.”Understanding how and why we make decisions can perhaps help us make better choices. We make poorer decisions when we are tired. The m

13、ind can only deal with so many options and make so many choices before it starts to lose energy. That s why buys like candy bars and magazines at thecheckout( 付款處 ) in the store can be hard to resist. We ve used up all our good decision-makingskills.The same goes for our workday. Making lots of deci

14、sions not only tires us, it can put us ina bad mood. That s why it s important to make your most important decisions in the morning rather than at the end of a tiring day.When we re tired, we often save our energy by making choices based on a single factor(因素 )like price, rather than considering all

15、 the other factors that go into making the best decision.Another study out of Columbia University shows that this happens when people are given a lot of features( 特點(diǎn) ) to choose from when buying a car. After a while, peoplestart asking for the commonoption rather than carefully weighing each decisio

16、n.This can also happen when faced with a decision in your creative work. Given endless optionsof which route to take, we sometimes end up going with the more usual path simply because it sthe easier way to go. So it s important to put limits on your options, which can develop yourcreativity and help

17、 you make a better decision.In other words, letting yourself have fewer options to choose from can help you arrive at a more creative answer.5. According to Barry Schwartz, the more options people have,. ( )A. the better choice they will makeB. the more easily they will make a choiceC. the happier t

18、hey will feel to make a choiceD. the more likely they will regret their choice6. The word “ resist ” in Paragraph 3 probably means“ ”. ( )A. explainB.avoidC.decideD.afford7. When a person is tired from comparing many kinds of products, he is likely to.( )A. consider the price mostB. choose a more co

19、mmon kindC. read more reviews from othersD. weigh all the factors very carefully8. The writer believes that . ( )A. people are unwilling to spend energy making decisionsB. people usually take the easiest way to save their energyC. limited choices can help people reach a creative decision D.spending

20、more time thinking helps make better decisionsC 2019 東城二模 Todays teens have grown up online. They socialize online. They do homework online. And surely they get their news online. But because they are so comfortable with the Internet, they seldom question the news stories online and pass along to th

21、eir friends.Now William Colglazier, a history teacher at a high school in America, is teaching his students how to think critically about online information and recognize a“fake（ 假的） news” story. Hisidea came from a study on people s online reasoning at Stanford University. The study found thatyoung

22、 people lack （缺少） ability to reason about the information on the Internet. Most middle school students in the study could not tell the difference between an advertisement and a news story, and high school and college students fully trusted the websites ending in“.org ”.The good news is that, accordi

23、ng to Colglazier, once teens realize theyve been duped, theyhave strong will to tell truth from lies.“But they need some pointers on how to find dependableand persuasive evidence（ 證據(jù)） and how to recognize when others use poor argumentation,” he said.Some of the pointers that Colglazier offers his st

24、udents include moving off the site to find more information about the site and the writer s motivations（ 動(dòng)機(jī) ）, looking past the first page of results in a google search and looking at the second or third page,and going beyond the “About Us” page on a website to find out more about the organization b

25、ehind the news story.Colglazier has tips for parents as well. He says it s a good idea for parents to be “friends ” with their kids on social media（ 媒體 ）to see what stories they are sharing. He also suggests parents watch their teens as they search for something online and ask questions like“Why did

26、 you clickon that? ” and “Do you trust this information?” Those questions can lead kids to form habits ofthinking critically about online information.Colglazier shared some of his course with other teens in Teen Vogue, a famous magazine. He hopes more kids would take away some knowledge about thinki

27、ng critically when they read news online. “The Internet is both beautiful and ugly,” he said. “If people cannot tell real news from fake news,the results can be frightening.”9. When teens read a news story online, they. （ ）A. seldom raise doubts about itB. always share it with their parentsC. usuall

28、y pay attention to the websiteD. often consider it as an advertisement10. The word “ duped” in Paragraph 3 probably meansB.cheatedA. criticizedC.challenged D.misunderstood11. Colglazier suggests students should. ( )A.make more friends by using social mediaB. find background information about a news

29、storyC. mainly look at the first page of results in a searchD. ask parents some questions about online information12. What is the writer s main purpose in writing this passage?( )A.To explain why teens feel comfortable with the Internet.B. To encourage teens to search for information online.C. To gu

30、ide teens to reason about the news online.D. To introduce Colglazier s course to more teens.8參考答案】 主旨大意 本文是一篇說明文 , 主要講述了在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里培育的肉類 , 可以幫助解決世界糧食危機(jī)。 在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里 培育的肉類對(duì)環(huán)境更好 , 也比農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物的肉要便宜。1. B 主旨大意題。通讀第三段內(nèi)容 , 根據(jù)其最后一句“ These join together to form meat.”可推知 , 本段講述了實(shí)驗(yàn)室是如何培育肉的。故選B。2. C 推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第四段中的“ told the BB

31、Ci t tastes exactly the same as the meat we know. ” 可推知 , 兩名評(píng)論家的評(píng)價(jià)說明實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育的肉嘗起來和真肉一樣。故選C。3. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“ The UK should start producing lab -grown meat to help solve the world s food crisis,according to a research group.”可知 , 作者認(rèn)為實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育的肉可以幫助解決世界食物危機(jī)。故選 D。4. A 主旨大意題。通讀全文內(nèi)容 , 尤其根據(jù)第二段第二句“ So could p

32、eople be eating lab-grown meat inthe future? ”可推知 ,本文就“實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育的肉類能成為食品的未來嗎 ?”進(jìn)行了說明。故選A。B 主旨大意 本文是一篇說明文。 隨著選項(xiàng)數(shù)量的增加 , 人們對(duì)自己的選擇后悔的可能性也在增加, 并且開始變得疲倦 , 人們又開始尋求共同的選擇。5. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ As the number of options increases the possibility that they will regret their choice increases. ”可知 , 隨著選項(xiàng)數(shù)量的增加 , 他們對(duì)自己的選擇后悔的可能性也在增加。 故選 D。6. B 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“ We make poorer decisions when we are tired.”可知 , 當(dāng)我們累了的時(shí)候 , 我們會(huì)做出更糟糕的決定 , 所以很容易去買放在商店收銀臺(tái)的糖果和雜志 , 這很難抗拒。故選 B。7. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“ When we re tired, we often save our energy by making choices based on a single factor ”以及最后一句“ people start asking for the c