牛津譯林版英語八年級(上冊)《比較級與最高級》語法專講

1、比較級與最高級語法專講 形容詞分為三種等級:原級,比較級與最高級。 一、形容詞的原級及用法形容詞的原級(形容詞本來面目不作變化)1.表示沒有進行比較或進行同級比較2.可以修飾原級的詞: very quite enough(“足夠”,用在形容詞后) so pretty too how rather(相當(dāng)) (not) asas (“(不)像一樣”,同級比較) not soas (“不像一樣”,同級比較)e.g. How happy we are! 我們多么高興??！This ruler is as long as that one. 這把尺子和那把一樣長。(變否定句)This ruler is n

2、ot as/so long as that one. 二、形容詞比較級最高級變化規(guī)則單音節(jié)詞比較級在詞尾加er,最高級加est cold colder coldest tall taller tallest high higher highest long longer longest以字母e結(jié)尾的詞只加r或stnice nicer nicest late later latest fine finer finest 重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫輔音字母再加er或est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest wet wetter wettest thin thinner

3、 thinnest redredder reddest fat fatter fattest sad sadder saddest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞把y變i再加er或est easy easier easiest early earlier earliest funny funnier funniest happy happier happiest heavy heavier heaviest dirty dirtier dirtiest 多音節(jié)詞、部分雙音節(jié)詞(特別是ful結(jié)尾及v.+ed/ing構(gòu)成的形容詞)及個別單音節(jié)詞(fun)在前面加more或most interesting i

4、mportant difficult excitied tired careful popular expensive boring fun不規(guī)則變化 little less least good / well better bestbad / ill / badly worse worst many / much more most old older oldest (年齡大的,與than連用) old elder eldest(“年長的”,只作定語不與than連用) far farther farthest (距離遠) far further furthest (除距離外,還指程度上更進一

5、步的)副詞比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)則大致與此相同 三、比較級用法1.表示兩者之間進行比較,“更”2.可以修飾比較級的詞: much = a lot (得多) a little = a bit (一點點) even (甚至) far (遠遠) any (絲毫,稍微, 用于否定和疑問句中)3.比較級標(biāo)志: than or4.形容詞比較級句式:A + be + 形容詞的比較級 + than + B. (A比B)Which/Who +be +形容詞比較級, A or B? (哪個/誰更, A 還是B？) 練習(xí)寫出下列句子凱特很瘦。凱特和瑪麗誰更瘦？瑪麗比凱特更瘦?，旣惐葎P特更瘦嗎？是的,她是。這個書包和

6、這個箱子不一樣沉。這個書包和這個箱子哪個更沉？這個箱子比書包更沉。5.副詞比較級句式:A實義動詞副詞的比較級than B. (A得比B)Which/Who +實義動詞三單, A or B? (哪個/誰得更, A還是B？) 練習(xí)寫出下列句子自行車和轎車哪個走得快？轎車比自行車走得快。這只羊和這只狗跑得不一樣快。這只羊比狗跑得快嗎？吉姆比湯姆上床睡覺早。(上句同義句) _6.比較級特殊用法:the +比較級+of the two “兩者中較的” 他是兩個男孩中較高的。Hes the taller of the two boys.“比較級+and+比較級”或“more and more +多音節(jié)詞”

7、 “越來越” 他越來越高。 Hes taller and taller. 英語越來越重要 English is more and more important.The+比較級, the+比較級 “越, 越” 你越快樂就越美麗。The happier you are, the more beautiful you are. not +比較級+than “不如, 不比” no +比較級+than “一樣都不” You are not taller than me. 你不比我高。 You are no taller than me. 你和我一樣都不高。比較級+than any other +sig.

8、+in+同一范圍 “比同一范圍中其他任何一個更” 比較級+than any +sig.+in+非同一范圍 “比非同一范圍中任何一個更”Shes nicer than any other girl in her class.她比班里其他任何一個女孩都漂亮。 (主語本身就在比較范圍之中,因此是在同一范圍就主語與其他任何一個比較) Shes nicer than any girl in her sisters class. 她比她妹妹班里任何一個女孩都漂亮。 (主語不在該較范圍之中,因此主語可以與該范圍內(nèi)任何一個作比較)該用法雖然出現(xiàn)了in所引導(dǎo)的比較范圍但是仍要用比較級,此成為用比較級表示最高級,

9、實質(zhì)是最高級。 四、最高級用法1.表示三者或三者以上的比較,“最”2.形容詞最高級前必須加the,副詞前的the可以省略。3.最高級標(biāo)志:in of or4.句式:the + 最高級 +(n.) + in +比較范圍 我是我們班最聰明的。Im the cleverest in our class.the + 最高級 +(n.) + of +同類事物 這本書是所有書中最有趣的。The book is the most interesting of all the books. Which/Who +v.(單數(shù)) +最高級, A, B or C? Jay, Will和JJ誰最收歡迎？ Who is

10、 the most popular, Jay, Will or JJ? 五、例題解析與難點攻克主語為人時than后面的比較對象若用代詞用主格還是賓格？請判斷正誤:1. She looks nicer than I do. ( ) She looks nicer than I. ( ) She looks nicer than me. ( )Notes:than可以作連詞其后跟省略句,該省略句構(gòu)成為(主格+助動詞/be/情態(tài)動詞),而謂語部分可省略; than還可以作介詞在口語中跟人稱代詞賓格主語為物時的比較對象的一致性問題2.Her hair is longer than her mother

11、. ( ) Her hair is longer than her mothers. ( )3.My bag is bigger than you. ( ) My bag is bigger than your. ( ) My bag is bigger than your bag. ( ) My bag is bigger than yours. ( )Notes:比較對象應(yīng)與主語對等,當(dāng)主語為限定詞+n.時,than后的其比較對象可為:限定詞+n. 名詞所有格(一般省略其后相同的名詞)名詞性物主代詞(=形容詞性物主代詞+n.) mine yours his hers its ours th

12、eirs4.The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai. ( ) The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. ( )Notes:當(dāng)主語有后置定語修飾時,為保證比較對象一致,常用that/thoes 指代比較對象。比較范圍5.The Changjing River is the longest _ China. The Changjing River is the longest _all the rivers in China.Notes:在最高級中,in后跟比較范圍,of后跟

13、進行比較的同類事物。 6.China is larger than any country in Asia. ( ) China is larger than any other country in Asia( )同義句轉(zhuǎn)換問題7.He is taller than anyone else in the class.= He is taller _ _ _ student in the class.= He is taller _ _ _ students in the class.= He is the _ _ student in the class.Notes:同一范圍內(nèi)比較 比較級+

14、than any other +sig.+in =比較級+than anyone else +in =比較級+than the other +pl.+in (只有同一范圍比較才能出現(xiàn)other/else)非同一范圍內(nèi)比較 比較級+than any+sig.+in8. This coat is more expensiver than that one.= That coat is _ than this one.= That coat isnt _ big _ this one.Notes: A+v.+比較級+than+B (A比B更) = B+v.+比較級反義詞+than+A (B 比A更)

15、 = B+v.+not as(so) as (B與A不一樣)“l(fā)ess+多音節(jié)詞原級+than” “不如” 降級比較 = That coat is less expensive than this one. Self Check1.I feel tired, so I want to go to bed _ tonight. A.early B.earlier C.late D.later2.The food of our country is _ than that of western countries. A.rather good than B.much better than C.m

16、ore better than D.so goos as3.The ice in the lake is as _ as it was before. A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest Dthe thinnest4.Who is _ running star in your school?A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous D.less famous5.Which season do you like _? Summer. A.good B.well C.the better D.best6.Lucys pen is _ ni

17、cer than yours. A.too B.more C.quite D.a little7.Is your brother as outgoing as you? No, hes a quiet boy. He is _. A.less outgoing than me B.not so calm as I C.more outgoing than me D.as outgoing as I8.How are you today? Much _. A.good B.well C.better D.the best9.Toms card is newer than _. A.our B.h

18、er C.my D.his10._ is more beautiful than roses. A. No other flower B. No another flowerC. Not other flower D. Not all flowers11.Mary studies harder _ in her class. A. as any one B. than any other girl C. than the other D. than anyone1.He is 3 times as _(old) as me. 2.Im too tired to go any _.(far)3.

19、Who is _, Lily or Lucy? 4.Tom is the _(heavy) of the three.5.Tom is the _ of the two boys.6.Russia is _(large) than any other country in the world.7.His computer is the _(expensive) of all.8.You are pretty _(beautiful).9.The book is _(useful) than that one.10.Whos the _(healthy) , you, he or she?11.

20、How _(small) the shirt is! I want a _ (big) one.12.You have _(short) and _(curly) hair than Susan.13.Is this street a lot _(noisy) than that one?14.I feel much _(excited) now.15.Soccer is becoming _ and _ _(popalar) in China.16.My sister doesnt write as _(good) as I do.17.The _(much) you practice, the _ (good) your English will be.18.No other animal is _(scary) than a snake.19.Math is less _(difficult) than English. 20.What a _(funny) boy!21.Youre _(bad) at sports than me.22.Its the third _ (long) river i