季紅薯高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)

1、秋季紅薯高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)發(fā)布時(shí)間： 2008-7-11 11:52:06廣西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院經(jīng)濟(jì)作物研究所 何新民 韋本輝 唐洲萍 蔣菁 紅薯是我區(qū)糧、飼、能兼用作物之一，常年種植面積在400萬畝左右。今年12月份一場(chǎng)幾十年不遇的冰凍和寒害給廣西紅薯產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來了嚴(yán)重的損失，造成紅薯種苗供應(yīng)緊缺。因此，希望有關(guān)農(nóng)業(yè)主管部門加大對(duì)紅薯優(yōu)良種苗的調(diào)運(yùn)和調(diào)劑工作，采用科學(xué)方法栽培好秋季紅薯，奪取災(zāi)年紅薯的優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)。現(xiàn)將我所自育和引進(jìn)篩選出的一些適合我區(qū)種植的優(yōu)良品種及高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)提供給紅薯種植農(nóng)戶參考。 選好優(yōu)良品種 選擇適合廣西種植的優(yōu)良品種，以達(dá)到生態(tài)條件與優(yōu)良品種的最佳結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)。目前廣西農(nóng)科院經(jīng)濟(jì)

2、作物研究所篩選出有如下幾個(gè)品種值得推介： 1 桂經(jīng)薯2號(hào) 屬弱感光感溫型品種，廣西春夏種植生育期100110天，秋種生育期90100天。莖蔓長度中等，莖色濃綠帶紫，葉型為淺復(fù)缺或心臟形；薯塊較大，薯皮紅色，肉淡黃帶桔紅色。結(jié)薯早，植后40天開始結(jié)薯，一般單株結(jié)薯35個(gè)，多的78個(gè)。食用口感好，甜蜜松軟，其中胡蘿卜素含量高，有抗氧化、防止細(xì)胞衰老、清肝明目等保健功能。畝產(chǎn)25003000公斤。 2 桂經(jīng)薯3號(hào) 在廣西可夏秋兩季種植，夏種生育期110120天，秋種生育期100110天。莖蔓相對(duì)較短，粗細(xì)中等，莖色綠帶淡紫，頂端有少量茸毛；株型匍匐，基部分枝多；葉型為淺復(fù)缺刻，葉片大小中等，成熟葉片

3、濃綠，頂葉淡綠，葉脈及脈基部均淡綠；薯型中等，短紡錘形，皮色紅，肉色白，薯皮光滑。一般單株結(jié)薯數(shù)34個(gè)，多的57個(gè)。夏種畝產(chǎn)鮮薯25003000公斤左右，高產(chǎn)的可達(dá)4000公斤，淀粉含量為29%左右。 3 桂經(jīng)薯4號(hào) 屬弱感光感溫型品種，廣西春夏種植生育期100120天，秋季種植生育期在110天左右。莖蔓長度中等，莖紫色，葉型為心臟形帶齒；薯皮、薯肉均為紫紅色，植后6080天開始結(jié)薯，一般單株結(jié)薯35個(gè)，有些有78個(gè)。該品種食用口感好，花青素和膳食纖維含量較高，有抗氧化、抗衰老、保護(hù)心血管、預(yù)防高血壓和防止便秘等作用。畝產(chǎn)鮮薯20002600公斤。 4 桂經(jīng)薯5號(hào) 在廣西可夏秋兩季種植，夏種生

4、育期110120天，秋種生育期100110天。莖蔓長度中等，粗細(xì)中等，莖色綠帶紫色，頂端茸毛多；株型匍匐，基部分枝中等；葉型為心臟形，葉片大小中等，成熟葉片濃綠，頂葉紫色，葉脈及脈基部均為紫色；薯型中等，紡錘形，皮色紅，肉色淡黃，薯皮光滑。一般單株結(jié)薯數(shù)34個(gè)，多的67個(gè)。夏種畝產(chǎn)鮮薯25003000公斤左右，淀粉含量為30%左右。 5 桂經(jīng)薯6號(hào) 屬弱感光感溫型品種，廣西春夏種植生育期130140天，秋種生育期120130天。莖蔓長度中等，莖紫色，葉型為心臟形或淺裂單缺刻；薯皮紫色，肉紫黑色。植后60天左右開始結(jié)薯，一般單株結(jié)薯46個(gè)，多的89個(gè)。畝產(chǎn)25003500公斤。 6 有條件的要采

5、用莖尖脫毒種薯育苗，脫毒種薯出苗早，苗齊，苗壯，長勢(shì)一致，塊根膨大早快，苗產(chǎn)量高，品質(zhì)優(yōu)，商品價(jià)值高。 選擇好土地及土地整理 1 選擇的土壤要求疏松、能排能澆、肥力中等，最好是選用沙壤土。 2 生態(tài)環(huán)境要好，紅薯種植地要遠(yuǎn)離城市、工礦地和醫(yī)院，無污染源。 3 整地：用大馬力的拖拉機(jī)翻犁好土地，盡量耙平耕碎。 4 起畦：用拖拉機(jī)按1.2米起畦，畦寬80cm，畦溝40 cm，溝深20 cm左右，田塊四周開30 cm深溝，有利于排出漬水。 施肥：施足基肥，以有機(jī)肥為主，畝施經(jīng)漚制腐熟的農(nóng)家肥15002000千克，三元復(fù)合肥50公斤，均勻地撒施于畦的中間，然后再起畦。 種植 1 采苗：從育苗床上采取生

6、長健壯、無病無蟲的薯藤作種苗。從薯的中下部取藤，去掉藤頂端3個(gè)左右的幼嫩節(jié)，將種苗剪成45節(jié)為一小段，同時(shí)剪除小段上23的葉片，捆成小捆以便消毒。 2 消毒：用50%甲基托布津或者多菌靈等消毒藥劑均可，配成1500倍液浸苗10min，濾干藥液即可扦插種植。 3 種植：種植的規(guī)格為雙行種植，株距為15 cm，行距為40 cm，畝定植為5500株左右。在土壤比較干旱的情況下采用斜插法，先用一根竹簽（木簽）向行中間斜插下去，然后薯苗沿著斜插的洞將薯苗插入，留一節(jié)在外均可；在土壤濕度有保證的情況下采用平栽法會(huì)更好。 田間管理 1 灌水：水分對(duì)紅薯的成活及產(chǎn)量影響較大，緩苗生根期要保持土壤濕潤，不能過濕

7、和過干。結(jié)薯期需要勤澆水，保證薯塊的正常膨大。收獲前20天要停澆水，以利紅薯表皮老化便于收獲。 2 適當(dāng)追肥：早施提苗肥。壯苗肥在1025天內(nèi)，有條件的最好淋稀薄人糞尿2次，也可以畝追施尿素35千克。重施催薯肥大約在植后55天，占總施肥的20%左右，以少量尿素加硫酸鉀肥，在靠壟的一側(cè)坡土施肥。在生長后期，葉面噴施0.5%的硝酸鉀溶液或0.3%的磷酸二氫鉀溶液，噴施時(shí)間宜在下午進(jìn)行。 3 病蟲害防治：地下害蟲有蠐螬、地老虎、螻蛄、金針蟲。畝用35%辛硫磷顆粒劑23千克拌細(xì)土15公斤，在起畦時(shí)撒入或者栽植時(shí)施入穴中，可有效防治地下害蟲。 葉面害蟲有甘薯天蛾、甘薯麥蛾、豆天蛾、斜紋夜蛾、葉甲、蟻蟓、

8、長足蟓等。做好蟲害的預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)，在蟲害幼蟲期（三齡前），用樂斯本1500倍噴霧防治12次。甘薯黑斑病，蔓割病等在發(fā)病初期用50%甲基托布津500600倍噴霧防治。 收獲：當(dāng)薯藤下部莖葉發(fā)黃時(shí)，即可收獲，先將薯藤割除，捆好，薯藤可以用來喂豬、牛、羊等，用牛犁垅即可撿收紅薯。將藤蔓、泥沙去掉，分好等級(jí)，裝箱出售。qcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi9

9、2tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3p tgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgk tgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwy

10、diawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2 tgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2ch

11、hi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawger4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32w

12、geauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2

13、chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2 tgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2

14、ohum32wgeauwydiawger4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa

15、7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2tgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv

16、7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawger4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbyc

17、udxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptg

18、z7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawger4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgea

19、uwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chh

20、i92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaggeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32w

21、geauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawger4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2c

22、hhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav hhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92

23、tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawger4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkq

24、cwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkagtgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgshls50clmtwn60eo8wgqv7xav2ohum32wgeauwydiawgmer4i30ka1dkaghn3xtkknbycudxqa7fhyi2chhi92tgkqcwa3ptgz7r4i