直接引語和間接引語總結(jié)歸納

1、直接引語和間接引語考點1、人稱的變化1）一隨主”。直接引語中的第一人稱，一般轉(zhuǎn)換為第三人稱，如：He said，I am very sorry. He said that he was very sorry.2）“二隨賓”。直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對轉(zhuǎn)述人說的，轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱，女口：“You should be more careful next time, ” my father told me.tMy father told me that I should be more careful the next time.3）“三不變”。直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對第三人稱說

2、的，轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱。女口：She said to her son, shell check his homework tonight. ”t She said to her son that she would check his homework that ni ght.4）人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等，如：He asked me, “ Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon? t He asked me whether I would go to the st

3、ation with him to meet a friend of his that after noon.考點2、時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換直接引語改為間接引語時，主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時，從句（即間接引語部分）的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化，變成過去時范疇的各種時態(tài) （實際也是賓語從句的時態(tài)要求），變化如下：直接引語 t間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時T一般過去時一般過去時T過去完成時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時T過去進(jìn)行時過去完成時T過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時T過去完成時過去進(jìn)行時T過去進(jìn)行時一般將來時T過去將來時例如：“I am very glad to visit your school” , she said.t She s

4、aid she was very glad to visit our school.Tom said, “ We are liste ning to the pop music.”t Tom said that they were liste ning to the pop music.從句時態(tài)無須改變的情況_-1）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞 是一般現(xiàn)在時/將來時的時候，如：He always says, “I am tired out. ”t He always says that he is tired out.He will say, “I ll try my best to help you.”

5、t He will say that he will try his best to help me.3）當(dāng)直接引語部分帶有 具體的過去時間狀語時，如：（優(yōu)化方案p11語法專練2） He said, “I went to college in 1994.”t He told us that he went to college in 1994.4 ）直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時，時態(tài)不變。5）直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣的動作，時態(tài)不不變。He said,get up at sit every morning. ”t He said he gets up at sit every

6、morning. ”6）當(dāng)直接引語中有以 when, while , since引導(dǎo)的從句，只改變主句時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)不變女口：1. He said ,“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.”tHe said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.2. Mr. Green said to them, “ Joetold me all about his story whe n he asked for a job. ” t

7、 Mr. Gree n told them that Joehad told me all about his story whe n he asked for a job.6) 當(dāng)直接引語是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象 ; 諺語、格言時，如：Our teacher said to us, “ Light travels faster than sound. ”t Our teacher told us that light travels faster tha n sound.He said ，“Practice makes perfect. ” tHe said that practice make

8、s perfect.7) 當(dāng)直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞should, would, could, had better, would rather, might,must, ought to, used to, need 時, 保持不變。例如：The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water.”tThe doctor said Id better drink plenty of water.He said, “She must be a teacher. ”t He said that she must be a teacher.He said,

9、 “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”t He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.The teacher said,“You neednt hand in your compositions today.”t The teacher said we neednt/didnt need to/didnt have to hand in our compositions.She asked, “Must I take the medicine? ”t She aske

10、d if she had to take the medicine.注：此處用 had to 代替 must 更好考點 4：指示代詞、時間、地點狀語和動詞變化1)時間狀語：直接引語t 間接引語nowt thentomorrow tthe next (following )daytoday t that daynext week tthe next (following )week (month, year )yesterday tthe day beforetwo days ago t two days beforelast week (month, year )t the week (mon

11、th, year )beforethis week t that week (month, year )2) 指示代詞： these 變成 those3) 地點狀語： here 變成 there4) 動詞： come 變成 go，bring 變成 takeShe said, “I wont come here any more. ”tShe said that she wouldnt go there any more.注意：如果當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there,動詞come不必改為go，如果當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon 等均不必改變。如：

12、She said to us, “l(fā)Il come here tomorrow.”tShe told us she would come here tomorrow.考點5、語序的變化1 )陳述句。用連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直用接引語中的said,也可用 told 來代替，注意，可以說 said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接說 told that,女口： He said, “ I have been to the Great Wall.He said to us that he hadbeen to th

13、e Great Wall.此外主句中的謂語還常有：repeat, whisper, an swer, reply, expla in, announce, declare,think等，又如：He said ,Im late because of the heavy traffic.(根據(jù)句意理解改動詞)t He expla ined to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.如果間接引語是 由that引導(dǎo)的兩個或兩個以上的并列從句，第一個連詞可以省略，以后的連詞一般不省略，以免混亂。The doctor said,“ You ar

14、e not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”t The doctor said (that) I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.2) 直接引語為一般疑問句，(也稱是否疑問句，)間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動詞 said要改為asked (me/him/us等)，語序是 陳述句的語序。He said, “ Do you have any difficulty with pronun ciati on?”tHe asked (me ) whether

15、/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.3) 直接引語為選擇疑問句，間接引語用 whetheror表達(dá)，而不用ifor ,也不用 either or如：He asked, “ Do you speak En glish or Fren ch? ”t He asked me whether I spoke En glish or Fren ch.4) 直接引語為特殊疑問句，原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動詞用ask ( sb.)來表達(dá)，語序改為陳述句語序。如：He asked ,“ Whats your name? ”t He a

16、sked (me ) what my name was.He asked us, “ How many car factories have bee n built in your coun try? t He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 注意1 :本身特殊疑問代詞做主語語序不變。My head teacher said:“who likes reading in the park?t My head teacher asked who liked read ing in the park. 注意

17、2 :1. What the matter (with you)?2. What wrong (with you)?(語序不變)3. What the trouble (with you)?(語序要變)5）直接引語為祈使句時，tell, warn, order, request（由否定祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變）， 的變化。如：改為間接引語，用帶to的不疋式表達(dá)，謂語動詞常是ask, advise,等。女口 ask sb. to do ,（由肯疋祈使句變成）ask sb. not to do并且在不定式短語中的時間狀語、地點狀語、人稱及時態(tài)都作相應(yīng)He said ,“ Be seated, please.t

18、He asked us to be seated.Never come here aga in!said the officer n earby.the teacher said.t The officer ordered the villagers n ever to go there aga in.“ Dont touch anything in the lab without permissi on,tThe teacher warned the students not totouch anything in the lab without permission.6）有些含有“建議”、

19、“勸告”的祈使句，可用 suggest, insist, offer 等動詞轉(zhuǎn)述，如： He said, “Lets have a rest. ”t He suggested our having a rest.He said, “Let me help you. ”tHe offered to help me.7）當(dāng)直接引語形式上是疑問句， 有表示請求，建議意義時，可用 ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式轉(zhuǎn)述。如：“Would you mind opening the door? ” he asked.tHe asked me to open the door.“Why not going out for a walk? ” he asked us.tHe advised us to go out for a walk. 或 He suggested we go out for a walk.8） 直接引語是感嘆句時，變間接引語可用what 或 how 引導(dǎo)，也可用 that 引導(dǎo)，如：Sh