初二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、初二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)（短語(yǔ)、句型）MODULE1 1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a.,every.用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，第一、二人稱復(fù)數(shù)后跟動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)后跟動(dòng)詞加s/es。2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment .用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)是be (am, is, are) +v-ing3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段時(shí)間, some day, next.用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)：will + v原 be

2、 going to +v原（沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞用be ）4、如有yesterday, .ago , last.just now.用一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞加edgive sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 給某人某物 every day每天, write down 寫(xiě)下，記下write it (them) down everyday每天的，日常的, how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做.怎么樣 each other 互相.thanks a lot= thank you very much非常謝謝回答Thats all right. =Youre w

3、elcome.= ThatOK.= Its my pleasure.=Not at all.Why dont you+V原.=why not+.V原 為什么不help sb. with sth. 在某方面幫助別人 help sb. (to )do sth.幫助某人做某事 with ones help=with the help of sb.在某人的幫助help oneself to sth.請(qǐng)自用食物watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，（現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有做，做過(guò)）watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see, hear類似remember to do s

4、th.想起記得要做某事，未做事 remember doing sth.相起記得做過(guò)某事forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事 forget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)某事welcome back歡迎回來(lái) , new term新學(xué)期this term這學(xué)期 , next term 下學(xué)學(xué)期,last term上學(xué)期, give you some advice給你一些建議 why not 為什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯錯(cuò)誤correct spelling正確的拼寫(xiě), what else?=what other things? 還有什么a piec

5、e of advice 一條建議, follow /take ones advice采用別人的建議,send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄給某人 send for派人去請(qǐng)/取 send up發(fā)射. all the time一直enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快lots of =a lot of =many(可數(shù))much(不可數(shù))許多 , ,spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事 sb. spend some time (in)

6、doing sth. 某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事 Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花費(fèi)錢(qián)買某物 Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花費(fèi)錢(qián)買某物 Cost: sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人錢(qián) pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付錢(qián)Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人時(shí)間 ask for 請(qǐng)求，要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事

7、 a piece of一塊enjoy doing sth喜歡做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,這些詞語(yǔ)后跟動(dòng)名詞形式V-ing place sth.in =put sth. in 把某物放在里面 else常修飾不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞或副詞，也可修飾all, much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格為elses.take a deep breath深呼吸, catchhold ones breath屏住呼吸,out of breath上氣不接下氣, wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,the

8、 number of 的數(shù)目，后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用三單, a number of =many,大量，許多后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。a large number of， a small number of ,invite sb.to do sth. 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 find+ it+ adj+to do sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣 try to do sth.盡力做事 try doing sth. 嘗試做某事try not to do sth .盡力不做某事 try ones best盡某人最大的努力,a group of 一組，一群, borrow sth from sb.從某人處借入某物,

9、lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth.借給某人某物 keep借一段時(shí)間practice doing sth.,練習(xí)做做某事 come from=be from來(lái)自,look for 尋找, look after=care for=take care of照顧look up 向上看，查閱, look like看起來(lái)像,look at 看著, look on sb. as把某人看作,look forward to doing sth. 盼望，期待做某事 look over檢查，翻閱 ,look out當(dāng)心，向外看 , look through仔細(xì)查看,be ready for =g

10、et ready for=prepare for為, be ready準(zhǔn)備好 ,be (get ) ready to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事，樂(lè)意做某事 translateinto 將譯成，take a message捎個(gè)信， leave a message留個(gè)信，be good for 對(duì)有好處， be good at =do well in擅長(zhǎng)于be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅長(zhǎng) Think of想起，think about想出， think over仔細(xì)考慮，else修飾不定代詞something,everything,an

11、ything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who, what,when,where時(shí)放后，四說(shuō)，1,speak說(shuō)語(yǔ)言，2.say說(shuō)內(nèi)容，3,talk與誰(shuí)說(shuō)，4,tell告訴，講述，四看，1,watch觀看電視，比賽和表演，2,see看人，電影，醫(yī)生，風(fēng)景， 3,read看書(shū)，報(bào)，4,look就看。 看場(chǎng)電影要用see，讀書(shū)看報(bào)用read 電視、戲劇、比賽，凡是表演用watch,observe細(xì)觀察，一時(shí)注意用notice.make+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（形容詞）使某人某物怎么樣。.make+賓語(yǔ)+do 讓某人做某事make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞 使某人被怎么樣；make

12、friends with sb.與某人交朋友，hear of聽(tīng)說(shuō)， hear from收到某人的來(lái)信， be bad for對(duì)有害， it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.寫(xiě)性格，品質(zhì) kind, good nice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 對(duì)物的評(píng)價(jià)difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等write to 給寫(xiě)信， next to 在旁邊，do some concerts辦音樂(lè)會(huì)， speak to sb.和

13、某人講話，say hello to sb. 給某人問(wèn)好， say bye to sb.向某人說(shuō)再見(jiàn)，show sb. around somewhere帶某人參觀某地， learn sth from sb.向某人學(xué)習(xí)choose the correct answers選擇正確答案, correct the mistakes改錯(cuò),match with把和搭配起來(lái)建議：1.why dont you do sth?=why not do sth? 2.How about doing sth?=what about doing sth? 3.You should /can do sth. 4.Remem

14、ber to do sth. 5.Dont forget to do sth. 6.can you do sth ? 7.Lets do sth. 8.Itsa good idea to do 9.would you like to do ? 10.Shall we do 11.Youd better (not )do sth.回答：Thats a good idea.Thanks a lot. Great, OK. Thats right. All right. Good idea. Sure.現(xiàn)在，小學(xué)生開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)間越來(lái)越早，一年級(jí)就開(kāi)設(shè)了英語(yǔ)課。但是，由于許多孩子未養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)

15、慣，覺(jué)得學(xué)英語(yǔ)太枯燥、太難，導(dǎo)致對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生厭煩甚至畏懼心理。 初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法介詞用法口訣大全52009年12月29日星期二07：14 同類比較except，加for異類記心間。Hes composition is good,except for some spelling mistakes.他的這篇作文寫(xiě)得很好，只是有幾處拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。(非同類比較用except for)She was all alone in the world except for an old aunt.除了有一個(gè)老姑媽，她別無(wú)親人。Anna felt disappointed when she found out the

16、y had gone swimming without her.(without=except)當(dāng)安娜發(fā)現(xiàn)除她外，他們都去游泳了，她感到很失望。Lion Head Hill is not worth seeing except for its old temples.除了那些古寺以外，獅頭山?jīng)]什么可看的。Among other things,we are interested in drawing.我們對(duì)圖畫(huà)和別的一些東西很感興趣。(among之內(nèi)即包括在內(nèi))原狀because of,owing to,due to表語(yǔ)形容詞例：Owing to our joint efforts,the ta

17、sk was fulfilled ahead of schedule.由于我們的共同努力，任務(wù)提前完成了。注：Owing to和because of都做原因狀語(yǔ)，而due to只能做表語(yǔ)形容詞。所以此句。owing to的介詞短語(yǔ)做原因狀語(yǔ)。AII our achievements are due to the correct leadership of our Party.我們的一切成績(jī)都?xì)w功于黨。(due to做表語(yǔ)形容詞)Under后接修、建中，of，from物化分例：The road is under repair now.這條路正在修建中。The now railway is sti

18、ll under construction.新鐵路尚在修筑中。(不能用in)under discussion在討論中(不能用in)under considerate在考慮中(不能用in)The desk is made of wood.桌子是木頭做的。(物理變化用of)The wine is made from grape.這種酒是用葡萄釀造的。(化學(xué)變化用from)The bridge is made of steel.這座橋是鋼制的。(物理變化)Steel is made from iron.鋼是由鐵煉成的。(化學(xué)變化)before,after表一點(diǎn)，ago,later表示一段即befor

19、e,after常表示一個(gè)點(diǎn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而ago，later常表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：前天the day before yesterday；前年the year before last；大上星期the week before last等等都表示點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的。要想準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地使用好before和ago,after和later比較困難，但要是以點(diǎn)和段來(lái)區(qū)別就容易得多。例：晚飯前before supper解放前before liberation 1970年前before 1970文革前before cultural revolution國(guó)慶前before National Day入大學(xué)前before co

20、ming to college這些都是點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因?yàn)?970年前即1970年1月1日前。國(guó)慶節(jié)即10月1日前。ago表示一段時(shí)間。例：一分鐘前a minute ago半小時(shí)前half an hour ago兩天前two days ago一星期前a week ago五年前five years ago因?yàn)閍 minute,half an hour,two days,a week,five years等都表示一段時(shí)間，所以用ago。以及ten days later等皆如此。before可接完成時(shí)，ago過(guò)去級(jí)有限這時(shí)的before是連詞(也可做介詞)例：We had scarcely left our

21、 school before it began to rain.我們剛離開(kāi)學(xué)校，天就下雨了。(完成時(shí))I had studied French for four months before Icame here.我來(lái)這兒以前就已學(xué)了四個(gè)月法語(yǔ)了。(before接完成時(shí))He fell ill three days ago.他病了三天了。(ago則只能接動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，同時(shí)注意瞬間動(dòng)詞的問(wèn)題。)He left two months ago.兩個(gè)月前他離開(kāi)了。(同上)I met her afew minutes ago.我在幾分鐘前碰到他了。(同上)Since以來(lái)during間，since時(shí)態(tài)多變換與

22、之相比beside,除了last but one。即beside的一般用法是在旁邊,但還有和相比等特殊用法。例：I felt so weak in spoken English beside them.和他們相比，我感到我的口語(yǔ)太差。Beside work and study,all else was trivial.同工作和學(xué)習(xí)比起來(lái)，其他一切都是小事。除了last but one，即but多指除了的意思，也有倒數(shù)第幾的意思。last but one即不是最后一個(gè)。例：I havent told anybody but one.除了我愛(ài)人，我誰(shuí)也沒(méi)告訴。(除了)Who but afool w

23、ould study foreign language well if he is ahard working one.如果他勤奮好學(xué)的話，除了傻瓜誰(shuí)都能學(xué)好外語(yǔ)。(除了)Look at the last page but one.請(qǐng)看倒數(shù)第2頁(yè)。He was the last but three in maths examination this time.他這次數(shù)學(xué)考試成績(jī)倒數(shù)第四。They live in the next house but one.他們住在隔壁過(guò)去一家。復(fù)不定for、找，價(jià)，原，對(duì)，給，段，去，為，作，贊復(fù)不定for，即用for引出的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是for加名(

24、代)加不定式；找，意為找到，提供；價(jià)，意為價(jià)格、工資；原，意為原因；段，意為時(shí)間或距離；去，意為去某地或開(kāi)往某地；作，意為作為；贊，意為贊成(用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)。)例：It is high time for us to start.我們不該再遲延了。The most urgent thing is for us to get the preparation done.最重要的事情是我們要把準(zhǔn)備工作做好。I dont think it advisable for him to study medicine.我想她學(xué)醫(yī)不適合。Your parents and relatives are anxious

25、for you to go to college.你的父母和親戚渴望你上大學(xué)。My home town has changed too much for me to recognize.我的家鄉(xiāng)變化太大，簡(jiǎn)直認(rèn)不出來(lái)了。以上例句都是for在不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法。Someone is asking for you on the telephone.有人找你接電話。(找)Youd better write to me for more information about it.如需更多這方面的資科和信息，你最好給我寫(xiě)信。(提問(wèn)，索要)They worked in the company for

26、200 yuan amonth.他們?cè)谶@個(gè)公司干活，每月嫌200元。(價(jià)格)How much did you pay for the second-hand colour TV?這臺(tái)用過(guò)的彩電你花了多少錢(qián)?(價(jià)格)Thank you very much for your coming.謝謝您的光臨。(原因)Thank you for your warm hospitality.謝謝您的熱情款待。(原因)Forgive me for being tardy.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫疫t到了。(原因)Im much obliged to you for telling me.非常感謝你給我談了這個(gè)情況。(原因)We

27、 have boundless admiration for your struggle.對(duì)你們的斗爭(zhēng)我們無(wú)限欽佩。(對(duì))Listening comprehension materials are good for training our minds.聽(tīng)力材料對(duì)訓(xùn)練我們的腦子根有好處。(對(duì))Take the bitter medicine.Its good for you.吃下這藥吧，對(duì)你有好處。(對(duì))There is atelegram for 這有一份王先生的電報(bào)。(給)May Iuse it for aminute?我用一會(huì)兒好嗎?(一段時(shí)間)I followed the steale

28、r for some distance.我跟蹤那個(gè)小偷一段路。(一段距離)The ship was for Dalian.這破船開(kāi)往大連。(去某地)We are off for Shanghai tomorrow.明天我們?nèi)ド虾！?去某地)The medicine is for reducing your temperature.這藥是退燒的。(為目的)After breakfast,Ill go for astroll round the town.吃完飯我要在城里到處走走。(為目的)Ill keep the lighter given by aforeign friend for asou

29、venir.我要把外賓送給我的打火機(jī)作為紀(jì)念。(作為)It is only meant for ajoke.這只是當(dāng)笑話說(shuō)說(shuō)罷了。(作為)We are all for cutting down the cost of production.我們都贊成降低生產(chǎn)成本。(贊成)快到、對(duì)、向towards，工、學(xué)、軍、城、上、北、南例：Its getting on towards the end of term now.現(xiàn)在已快到學(xué)期未了。(快到)Towards midnight my husband came back.快到半夜了我的丈夫才回來(lái)。(快到)Our teacher was very le

30、nient towards us.我們的老師對(duì)我們很松。(對(duì))What you have invented is really abig contribution towards our company.你所發(fā)明的對(duì)我們公司確實(shí)是一大貢獻(xiàn)。(對(duì))The boy came running towards his mother.那個(gè)男孩向他母親跑去。(向著)所謂工、學(xué)、軍、城、上、北、南，是說(shuō)up和down的用法。這也是漢英翻譯時(shí)要注意的。例如：招工，上大學(xué)，參軍，進(jìn)城，上山，向北方等都屬于up。而相反的下鄉(xiāng)，向南，落榜等都屬于down。大軍南下，北上抗日大概由此而來(lái)。but for否定用虛擬，復(fù)

31、合介詞待后言。but for是若不是的意思。例：But for our great Communist Party,we could never have todays happiness.若沒(méi)有偉大的共產(chǎn)黨，我們決不會(huì)有今天的幸福生活。But for this chemical the vapour inside the system would not have been absorbed so completely.若沒(méi)有這個(gè)化學(xué)劑的作用，系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的蒸汽不可能被吸收得這么徹底。but for將在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中詳講。例：in general一般說(shuō)來(lái)in short簡(jiǎn)言之in other word

32、s換言之in my opinion依我看in simple words簡(jiǎn)言之on the whole基本上for instance例如for short簡(jiǎn)稱after all畢竟above all首先此外考試中常出現(xiàn)的成語(yǔ)前置詞也須牢記其用法。by appearance從外表by the aid of借的幫助by far得多by course of照常例by reason of由于by request應(yīng)邀by right of由于憑借out of date過(guò)時(shí)out of harmony with與不一致out of harmony with擺脫困境out of bounds超出權(quán)限out o

33、f proportion to與不相稱out of reach力量不及out of ones wits不知所措out of question沒(méi)問(wèn)題out of the question不可能的to agreat extent很大程度上to ones taste合胃口to ones thinking據(jù)看來(lái)to ones hearts content盡情地to the utmost盡力behind schedule不準(zhǔn)時(shí)behind the times過(guò)時(shí)的behind the curtain在幕后within reach能力所及within ahairs breadth差-點(diǎn)within ast

34、ones throw of在附近beyond description無(wú)法形容beyond reason毫無(wú)道理beyond reproach無(wú)可指責(zé)beyond ones expectation超出范圍beyond expression無(wú)法表達(dá)ing型由于、鑒，除了，除外與包含。之后，關(guān)于，在方面，有關(guān)介詞須記全。最后，英語(yǔ)中v.-ing分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而成的特殊介詞，更須注意，根據(jù)其語(yǔ)法功能，把它們同現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)名詞和連同區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。即：respecting由于,鑒于；considering由于,鑒于；excepting除了；concerning關(guān)于；excepting for除外；excluding

35、除外；without excepting sb.包含；including包括，包含；following在之后；regarding關(guān)于；respecting在方面；concerning有關(guān)；例：considering由于；Considering that table salt is the commonest source of sodium in food,the diet usually calls for eating salt-free foods.由于食鹽是鈉在食物中普遍的來(lái)源，醫(yī)生給病人規(guī)定的，飲食通常要求吃無(wú)鹽食品。respecting鑒于：Respecting the heavy

36、 rain,we had to put off the match.鑒于下大雨，我們不得不推遲了這場(chǎng)比賽。excepting除了：excepting可單獨(dú)使用，可以與always或否定詞not連用，也可以與for,without之類介詞連用。Excepting one of his close friends,they were present at the party.除了他的一個(gè)摯友外，他們都來(lái)赴宴了。He is an honest man,excepting for his quick temper.他是個(gè)老實(shí)人，只是(除了脾氣暴躁。(同類比較except，加for異類記心間)。Everybody is in high spirits,always excepting him.大家都情緒高昂，唯他除外(例外)。Only afew survivors without excepting him were living in the settlement.包括他在內(nèi)，只有幾個(gè)