初二英語(yǔ)閱讀理解與完形填空練習(xí)

1、初二英語(yǔ)閱讀理解與完形填空教案閱讀理題型介紹：1 .選擇答案型閱讀理解2.判斷誤型閱讀理解3.完成句子型閱讀理解4.回答問(wèn)題型閱讀理解閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)：1. 客觀信息題 所謂“客觀信息” ，是指在短文中客觀存在的事實(shí)，客觀信息的答案一般都可以在原 文中找到。 在有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)推算的試題中， 根據(jù)短文所提供的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行必要的運(yùn)算時(shí)所涉及的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)一般都比較簡(jiǎn)單，關(guān)鍵在于理解原文。2. 主觀判斷題 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這類(lèi)問(wèn)題都不可能直接從原文中找到答案，必須根據(jù)原文提供的有關(guān)信息，進(jìn)行合理的推理和判斷才能回答。完成主觀判斷題能常應(yīng)注意以下四點(diǎn)：（ 1 運(yùn)用常識(shí),合理判斷2 根據(jù)情景，進(jìn)行猜測(cè) （3 ）利用情景，舉

2、一反三（4）縱觀全文，概括大意3. 細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題 文章的中心思想或主題是通過(guò)一系列的事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)說(shuō)明和支持的，要透徹地理解段落、 文章的中心思想， 就必須理解文章中的重要事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。只有真正理解了全部細(xì)節(jié)， 才能深刻地領(lǐng)悟大意，理解短文細(xì)節(jié)分下面三個(gè)步驟： （ 1 ）首先找出文章或段落的中心思想。文章的中心思想主要體現(xiàn)在首句和尾句中， 有時(shí)在文中的某一句話(huà)當(dāng)中。 （ 2 ）尋找重要的事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)，不是所有的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)都重要，那些與中心思想有關(guān) 的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)才重要。 （ 3 ）檢查已確定的事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)，看它們是否支持中心思想。 如果這些事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)不 能支持中心思想， 就說(shuō)明原來(lái)所確定的中心思想不明確或

3、者這些事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)沒(méi)有找準(zhǔn).屬于細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)的閱讀理解題一般只針對(duì)某個(gè)特定的細(xì)節(jié)，題型可以多種多樣，沒(méi)有固定 模式。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題方式有：（ 1 ） which of the following is true according to the passage?（ 2 ） all the follow ing statements are not true except.（ 3 ） which of the following facts is not mentioned in the supporing details?4. 詞匯障礙題 在中考閱讀題中，考生遇到的最大障礙往往有兩個(gè)：一是被已認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞的

4、某一熟知 含義所誤導(dǎo)；二是被完全不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞的意思所阻礙，從而出現(xiàn)理解偏差或理解困難，影 響閱讀的速度。 其實(shí)解決這兩個(gè)困難的一個(gè)重要法寶是考生在心目中樹(shù)立起上下文觀念， 用上下文去確定詞匯的含義。在閱讀解題時(shí)要注意從以下七個(gè)方面著手：（ 1 ）根據(jù)定義或解釋、說(shuō)明猜測(cè)生詞的詞義在 be， be called ， call 等判斷詞出現(xiàn)的判斷句中，可以根據(jù)已知部分，猜測(cè)生詞的含義。例如 a person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.通過(guò)理解定語(yǔ)從句的意思，能猜出 carpe

5、nter 是“木匠”（ 2 ）根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)生詞的詞義在 but ， however ， yet， otherwise ， though 這些表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞出現(xiàn)的句子中，其前后的詞有明顯的對(duì)比關(guān)系，根據(jù)已知的內(nèi)容，通過(guò)這種對(duì)比關(guān)系，就很容易猜出生詞的詞義了。例如： though tom s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.和 clean 意思相對(duì)的便是“骯臟的”了，因此可猜出句中 grubby 的意思是“骯臟的”（ 3 ）通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義because, since 與 as 是連接原因狀

6、語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞， so 是連接表示結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞，so.that 與such.that 中的 that 是連接結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的。當(dāng)這些信息詞出現(xiàn)在有生詞的句子中，通過(guò)因果關(guān)系，依據(jù)已知部分就能猜出生詞的詞義。例如：she wanted the bairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.根據(jù) because 從句所講的意思，我們就可推測(cè) trim 就是“修剪”之意（ 4 ）根據(jù)生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力，自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及生活常識(shí)。再聯(lián)系上下文能讀懂的部分，可以正確猜出詞義。例如： most of the ro

7、ses are beginning to wither because of the cold.根據(jù)句子意思及生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，wither 表示“枯萎”（ 5 ）根據(jù)同等關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義同等關(guān)系，指的是一個(gè)詞，一組詞或短語(yǔ)在句中作同一成分，而且它們的詞義都屬于同一范疇。明顯的標(biāo)志是，這樣的詞組或短語(yǔ)中間常常用并列連詞 and 或 or 來(lái)連接。例如： at forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy.從“年齡 42 歲”以及與prime 具有同等關(guān)系的 full of energy 可以猜出 prime 的意思是“盛年時(shí)期” 。（ 6

8、）根據(jù)列舉的事例猜測(cè)詞義you can take any of the periodicals:“ the world of english” t.e “achfionrgeign languagein schools ” , or “ english learning ” .從后面列舉的例子中，可以猜出 periodical 是“期刊，雜志”的意思。（ 7 ）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義根據(jù)學(xué)過(guò)的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，知道詞根和前綴或后綴的意義，就可猜出由它們組成的新詞詞義。例如： the colors of hawaii in summer are unforgettable.利用構(gòu)詞法常識(shí)和我們已熟悉的

9、詞forget ，我們可以知道unforgettable 就是“令人難忘的”意思。閱讀理解解題技巧分析一 . 事實(shí)詢(xún)問(wèn)題此類(lèi)題型的問(wèn)題以what、 who、 which、 when、 where、 how 或 why 等詞引導(dǎo)，就文中某句、某段或某一具體細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)問(wèn)并要求考生回答：如：the internet can show you a lot of jobs all over the world. if you want to find a job on theinternet, use the words“ job sea“rcehmplo”ymoernt ” to find the web

10、sites you need.（） what does the passage tell you to do first if you want to find a job on the internet?a. to type in “ job search ” to find the websites.b. to write a good resume.c. to prepare for an interviewd. to get an english dictionary這是一道典型的事實(shí)詢(xún)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樗拇鸢缚梢灾苯訌奈亩沃姓业?。根?jù)第二句話(huà)，可以得知 a 為正確答案。解這類(lèi)題的主要方法是

11、：1.明確題意。2.尋找答案來(lái)源。 3. 找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞。 4. 反復(fù)閱 讀。二 . 推理判斷題既要求學(xué)生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。這類(lèi)試題常以如下句式發(fā)問(wèn)：what can you conclude （下結(jié)論） from this passage?what s the author s attitude （態(tài)度） towards.?we can infer from the passage that.which statement is （ not ） true?做這類(lèi)題要

12、求考生在閱讀同時(shí)，抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深層含義。其次，對(duì)于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動(dòng)機(jī)、事件中的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等要進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)理解，抓住實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西。如：once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. the workers could do nothing but turnto a german engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, “ take off

13、 thepart where the line is and change itfor a new one. ” themachine, wit h a new line on, began running well again. the engineer then asked for $ 30,000 for what he had done. the following were what he wrote on a bill,n“ewtphaert only costs onedollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine i

14、s costs $ 29,999.”（） what can you conclude from this passage?a. the engineer asked for too much moneyb. the workers should pay the moneyc. the knowledge is worth moneyd. the new part could cost more三 . 數(shù)據(jù)推算題 此題要求學(xué)生就文章提供的數(shù)據(jù)，以及數(shù)據(jù)與文中其他信息的關(guān)系做簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算和推斷。visit swansea zoocome and see the indian elephants and

15、 the new tigers from america. the bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from china are waiting to throw things at you. the lovely dogs from australia are waiting to laugh at you, and the giraffes from zambia are waiting to look down on you.ticketsopening timegrown-ups: $ 39:00 am 4:00 pmchi

16、ldren: over 12:$2except fridayunder 12: free10:00 am - -3:00 pm（） 1. how much does mr smith have to pay if he visits the zoo with his sons of fourteen and ten?a. $2.00b. $5.00c. $4.00d. $3.00（） 2. which of the following is the visiting time?a. 8:30 am, wedb. 9:30 am, fric. 3:00 pm, sund. 4:00 pm, tu

17、e做此類(lèi)題一要抓住有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)，二要從眾多的信息中找出那些有用的信息，三要抓住一些關(guān)鍵詞。實(shí)際上，上述兩題都可看作數(shù)據(jù)推算題，一題是算錢(qián)，另一題是算時(shí)間。通過(guò)閱讀我們發(fā)現(xiàn)布告中的所有數(shù)據(jù)都是有用的，那么關(guān)鍵詞是： grown-ups, children,over 12, under 12, opening time, except friday 。第一題中 mr smith 是成人，須買(mǎi)3 塊錢(qián)的門(mén)票，他一個(gè)14 歲的兒子需買(mǎi)2 塊錢(qián)的門(mén)票，另一個(gè)不滿(mǎn)12 歲的兒子可免票，所以mr smith先生需花 5 塊錢(qián)， b 是正確答案。第二題 c 是正確答案。四 . 主旨大意題此類(lèi)題型用以考查學(xué)生對(duì)文

18、章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解。如：what does the passage mainly talk about?what is the main idea of this passage?what does the writer want to tell us?what is the best title of this passage?每一篇文章都有它的主題句，而每一個(gè)段落也各有主題句，它一般都用來(lái)表示一篇文章或一個(gè)段落的主旨大意。因此，找出文章和各段落的主題句（往往為第一句或最后一句）是解題的關(guān)鍵。抓住了主題句，文章的最佳標(biāo)題也就不難確定了。如：推理判斷題哪一節(jié)中的例文我們給它起個(gè)什么標(biāo)

19、題好呢？我們?cè)谒竺嬖偌由弦欢卧?huà)：one dollar for changing a new part sounds reasonable （合理的） , but the $ 29,999 is exactly the value of wisdom and knowledge.（） the best title for the passage should be .a. the value of knowledgeb. helpless workersc. the expensive machined. the lucky factorythe value of knowledge文中的最后

20、一句是整篇文章的主題句，也就是文章的標(biāo)題，即：， a 為正確答案。五 . 經(jīng)驗(yàn)常識(shí)題此類(lèi)題主要是考查中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的多項(xiàng)綜合知識(shí)，包括：社會(huì)、天文、史地、科普及生活常識(shí)等。此類(lèi)題往往與文章沒(méi)有直接關(guān)系，學(xué)生只能憑自己的常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷，然后做出符合規(guī)律的正確選擇。如：（ ） we can guess when a giraffe sees a tiger .a. it will run away as fast as possibleb. it will run to eat the tigerc. it will make the tiger bring it something to eatd.

21、it will make one of the smallest animals bring the tiger something to eat這就是一道考查常識(shí)的題，長(zhǎng)頸鹿看到老虎當(dāng)然是盡快跑開(kāi)，故a 是正確答案。六 . 任務(wù)型閱讀任務(wù)型閱讀是近幾年隨著任務(wù)型教學(xué)出現(xiàn)的新題型，它往往集中了上面所述的幾種題，以看圖或閱讀文章填表，填空等形式出現(xiàn)。要求考生通過(guò)閱讀完成所給任務(wù)。考查學(xué)生對(duì)圖表或文章的理解程度以及表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)的能力。請(qǐng)看下例：根據(jù)題目要求完成任務(wù)。（ 2004 ，北京海淀） 假如你正在為一些中國(guó)學(xué)生做導(dǎo)游，參觀，游覽英國(guó)倫敦的一個(gè)公園。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面 公園的示意圖，為他們說(shuō)明a、

22、b 、 c 、 d 四項(xiàng)公園規(guī)則。 （請(qǐng)寫(xiě)關(guān)鍵信息，句式不限。 ）例： no recorders, please.62. sign a: sign b: 63. sign c :sign d: 這道題讓考生辨認(rèn)圖標(biāo)，是一道常識(shí)和識(shí)圖解意相結(jié)合的題，同時(shí)也是讀寫(xiě)結(jié)合題。 通過(guò)考生所寫(xiě)文字判斷他對(duì)圖的認(rèn)識(shí)程度和根據(jù)語(yǔ)言功能造句的能力。本題答案如下a: don plat y football here! b: no bikes here! c: don t throw bottles into the lake d: no swimming!近年來(lái)，閱讀理解在中考英語(yǔ)試題中的比分越來(lái)越大，不少省份的

23、閱讀理解占到了總分的30，閱讀量一般都升至四篇，難度在不斷加深，題型也在不斷翻新。中考閱讀理解短文的題材廣泛，包括：政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文學(xué)、史地、社會(huì)生活、科普知識(shí)、人物傳記等。裁以敘述文、議論文、說(shuō)明文、應(yīng)用文為主。敘述文描述人或事及相關(guān)情景的發(fā)生和發(fā)展經(jīng)過(guò)。說(shuō)明文是對(duì)事物現(xiàn)象的說(shuō)明或解釋。議論文論證某一觀點(diǎn)是否正確，由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)與論證構(gòu)成。應(yīng)用文以廣告為主。中考閱讀理解題主要考查考生對(duì)單詞、詞組、語(yǔ)法、句型、慣用法的綜合運(yùn)用及其英語(yǔ)思維的能力。其文段長(zhǎng)度一般為 200 300 單詞，生詞率不超過(guò)3，要求考生閱讀速度為每分鐘50 70 個(gè)詞。完形填空（一）題型介紹1. 選擇型完形填空2. 短文缺詞

24、填空（二）解題指導(dǎo)1. 選擇型完形填空解題方法完整填空：一般在文中的第一句和最后一句不會(huì)挖空。主要涉及到動(dòng)詞、名詞（含代詞） 、形容詞、副詞、介詞、連詞也常出現(xiàn)。做完形填空題要注意整體性原則，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)文章整體的理解。就內(nèi)容而言，它又有前因后果、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物等要素。所以，第一步應(yīng)通讀全文，了解大意。其次注意詞與詞、句與句、主句與分句之間的連貫性與銜接性。因此，在做題時(shí)必須始終注意上下文之間，詞與詞之間從意義到語(yǔ)法上的合理搭配。誠(chéng)然，弄懂第一句和最后一句也事關(guān)全局。與此同時(shí)，還不可忽略文中的過(guò)渡詞。在解題時(shí)可按以下步驟和方法進(jìn)行。（ 1 ）通讀全文，了解大意。通讀全文時(shí)，跳過(guò)空格快速閱讀，弄清文

25、章的基本含義。先快速閱讀全文，可使我們對(duì)文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和中心思想有個(gè)基本的了解。有利于進(jìn)一步把握全文所講內(nèi)容，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，為后面的答題創(chuàng)造條件，但通讀宜粗、直、快。切忌看一句做一句，看一空填一空，斷章取意，那會(huì)進(jìn)入誤區(qū)，即使所填答案符合本句要求，也未必符合全文的要求。通讀的目的僅在于掌握大意，切不可把寶貴的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在個(gè)別字句的推敲上。（ 2 ）重視首句的開(kāi)篇啟示作用完形填空所采用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但短文的首句通常用以點(diǎn)明短文的性質(zhì)，如敘事、議論等，這是我們探索短文全貌的“窗口” ，可以以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)為立足點(diǎn)進(jìn)行 思考，判斷文章的體裁，推測(cè)全文的大意及主題，所以應(yīng)該重視首句的

26、啟示作用。（ 3 ）抓住關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)上下文解題解題時(shí)，要遵循忠于全文大意和主題這一原則，聯(lián)系上下文展開(kāi)邏輯推理分析，要迅速找出那些在短文中起重要作用的關(guān)鍵詞，了解所提問(wèn)題的特定語(yǔ)境，語(yǔ)篇中的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。在解題過(guò)程中，應(yīng)遵循“先易后難”的原則，遇到個(gè)別難題不易判斷時(shí)，可先跳過(guò)去，去解決那些靠上下文能確定的，比較直接明確的問(wèn)題，隨著下文的展開(kāi)和文章的深入，或許在前面難以判斷的題，下文就有暗示，甚至有明確的表示。因此，在選擇答案時(shí)，應(yīng)特別注意聯(lián)系前后句，充分利用上下文為確定答案提供有用信息。（ 4 ）重讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案在全部空格補(bǔ)全以后，一定要根據(jù)填好的答案重讀全文，看文章是否流暢，前后是否矛盾，語(yǔ)法

27、結(jié)構(gòu)是否無(wú)誤。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)哪些地方讀起來(lái)不流暢，那就說(shuō)明那里有毛病，就要進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲，驗(yàn)證。2. 短文缺詞填空解題步驟（ 1 ）從全局把握文章大意要填的單詞肯定是在一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中才能確定，只有把握全局才能有主導(dǎo)方向，才能有助于正確理解空缺詞所在的句子，從而縮小詞意的選擇范圍。（ 2 ）從語(yǔ)法上加以把握一般的空缺詞都可以通過(guò)其所在的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和句法成分來(lái)判斷其詞性，這樣可以縮小詞的選擇范圍。（ 3 ）從行文上確定詞的形式當(dāng)確定一個(gè)單詞的詞性后可通過(guò)其上下文來(lái)幫助判斷其形式，如動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、代詞的各種所有格及單復(fù)數(shù)，形容詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)等。（ 4

28、）通讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。填完所有單詞后，不可孤立地逐個(gè)詞檢查，而必須將所有填入的詞代入文章中，復(fù)讀全文，仔細(xì)檢查所填詞是否符合文章的情景內(nèi)容，讀起來(lái)是否流暢，合乎句法，單詞拼寫(xiě)是否有誤，單詞形式是否正確等，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題及時(shí)更正。通過(guò)再讀全文，很可能利用語(yǔ)感將個(gè)別特別難的空處順口“讀”出來(lái)。【模擬試題】 （答題時(shí)間： 120 分鐘） 閱讀理解練習(xí)（一） hi, louis!i m writing to tell you something about the customs and festivals.everyone loves holidays since one doesn tneed to g

29、o to school or work.although all holidays mean no school and work, but not all of them are the same. on some of them you go out with friends; on others you stay home to eat, talk, and have fun with your family. for example in the u.s., everyone thinks new year s eve and new year are both for partyin

30、gwith friends. christmas is the time to stay home and exchange gifts with family members. the opposite is true in japan though. for example, in japan, new year is for spending time with the family to eat, talk, have fun, and go to the temples. but christmas is for boy and girl friends to go out and

31、exchange gifts. originally christmas should be to celebrate the birth of christ. i have been interested in foreign customs since i was little. if you learn these different holiday customs, you will learn about different histories and cultures. this is much more interesting than learning them at the

32、library from morning to evening.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正誤。正確的用“ t ”表示，錯(cuò)誤的用“ f ”表示。1. usually, nobody goes to school or works during holidays.2. christmas is the time to stay home to eat, talk and have fun with the family.3. all the countries have the same way to celebrate the holidays.4. being interested in forei

33、gn customs means being interested in different histories and cultures.5. this passage is about the customs and holidays in japan.（二）can dolphins talk? maybe they can t talk with words, but they talk with sounds. they show their feelingswith sounds. dolphins travel in a group. we call a group of fish

34、 “ school ” . they don t study, butrtatvheely together. dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. they give information. they tell when they are happy or sad or afraid. they say “ welcome ” when a dolphin comes back to the school. they talk when they play. they make a few sounds above water

35、. they make many more sounds under water. people cannot hear these sounds because they are very, very high. scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them. sometimes people catch a dolphin for a large aquarium （水族館） . people can watch the dolphins in a show. dolphins don tlike to be away from th

36、eir school in an aquarium. they are sad and lonely （孤獨(dú)的） .there are many stories about dolphins. they help people. sometimes they save somebody life. dolphin m east is g ood, but people don t like to kill them. they say that dolphins bring good luck. many people believe this.1. dolphins show their f

37、eelings with .a. pictures b. words c. water d. sounds2. people can t hear the dolphoinunds bec aussse .a. they are above the waterb. they are under the waterc. they are very highd. they are very low3. which one is true according to the passage?a. dolphins swim together in a school because they want

38、to studyb. they don t study, but they travel in a groupc. dolphins like to be away from their school on an island.d. dolphins like to kill people（三）driver wanted clean driving licence. must be of smart appearance. aged over 25.apply to: capes taxi, 17 palace road, rostonair hostess for international

39、 flights wanted applicants must be between 20 and 33 years old. height: 1.6 m to 1.75m. education to ggse standard two languages, must be able to swim.apply to: recruitment office, southern airlines, heathrow airport west, hr 37kk.teachers neededfor private language school teaching, experience unnec

40、essary.apply to: the director of studies, instant languages ltd., 279 canalstreet, roston1. you are 26 years old and want to be a teacher. you should apply to .a. capes taxi, 17 palace road, rostonb. recruitment office, southern airlines, heathrow airport west, hr 37kkc. the director of studies, ins

41、tant languages ltd., 279 canal street. roston.d. a private language school.2. what stops jack, an experienced taxi driver, working for capes taxis.a. fond of beer and wine.b. punished （處罰） for driving too fast and wrong parking.c. unable to speak a foreign language.d. not having college education.3.

42、 ben, aged 22, fond of swimming and driving, has just finished college. which job might be given to him?a. driving for capes taxib. working for southern airlinesc. teaching at instant languages ltd. d. working for northern airlines.4. what prevents （阻止） mary, aged 25, from becoming an air hostessa.

43、she once broke a traffic law and was finedb. she can t speak japanese very well.c. she has never worked as an air hostess befored. she doesn t feel like working long hours flying abroad.5. which of the following is not talked about in the three advertisements?a. whether he or she is married b. wheth

44、er they are men or womenc. their educationd. the ages（四）t run far, andall my friends at school smoked. my dad smoked; he d idn t want me to smoke but mfyriends kept saying i was stupid. they asked when i was going to grow up. so i started when i was sixteen and after a month i couldn t stop. but two

45、 years later i could feel what smoking was doing to me. i couldnve done it, and i feel better. now ievery morning. i got very ill and decided to stop. it wasn t easy, but now i have money for other things.if you smoke, you are twice as likely to die from a heart attack. and the more you smoke, the e

46、arlier the heart attack is likely to be. for example, a 50-year-old who smokes more than 20 cigarettes a day, is four times more likely to have heart disease than a non-smoker of the same age.what does smoking do to the heart? first of all, it makes the heart beat faster and increases the blood pres

47、sure. the cigarette smoke also reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood.consequently, the heart has to work harder, with less oxygen. finally, your arteries will narrow faster if you smoke. so if you want to reduce your chances of getting heart disease, the answer is easy - -not to smoke. don t cop

48、y your friends and other people who smoke. if you smoke, find out how to stop. stopping isn t easy, but you ll be healthier, and 1. who is more likely to have heart disease?a. a smokerb. a non-smokerc. a 50-year-old person2. what does the writer think of smoking?a. it is good for his healthb. smokin

49、g is bad for himc. is it neither good nor bad for his heath3. what happens after the writer stopped smoking?a. he becomes richb. he has more friendsc. he becomes healthier and has money to do other things.（五）new york is one of the most exciting cities in the world. you might want to do some shopping

50、 in new york. fifth avenue is probably new york most fams ous shopping street, but if you go, be prepared to “ windowshop ” only.this is shopping for the rich. there are other, less expensive shopping areas nearby, and you ll soon come across famous stores such asbloomingdales, macy s and fao schwar

51、atzn.dvisit to central park is a must. this isif you ve brought your rollerblades, then aa large, open park right in the middle of manhattan, butif you thought that people came here to relax, sit down for a few minutes and get away from the rush of newyork life, then youwrdonbge. nobody sits in cent

52、ral park: they run, jog （慢跑） , and most of all theyrollerbl.when you leave new york, you might be tired, even poor and overweight, but the one thing you won t be is bored!根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答問(wèn)題。1. why would you probably only “ window shop ” in fifth avenue?2. what do some waiters and waitresses in new york wea

53、r on their feet?3. what don t people do in central park?（六）in the usa, there are many types of restaurants. fast food restaurants are very famous. you can find mcdonald s and kentucky fried chicken in many countries around the world. you look at a menu above the counter, and say what you to eat. ydo

54、ulikpeay the person who serves you. you take your food and sit down or take it away. there s no need toinleaavceofafeteips. hop you sit at the counter or ata table. you don t wait for the waitress to shyowu where to sit. she usually br ings you coffee when you sit down. you tell her what you d liket

55、o eat and she brings it to you. you pay the cashier as you leave. a diner is like a coffee shop but usually looks like a railway carriage.in a family restaurant the atmosphere is casual, but the waitress shows you where to sit. often the waitress tells you her name, but you don t need to tell her yo

56、urs. if you don t eat everything, your waitress gives you a doggy bag to take your foodhome. you add an extra fifteen percent to the bill as a tip.in top class restaurants, you need a reservation and you need to arrive on time. the waiter shows you where to sit. if you have wine, he may ask you to t

57、aste it. you can only refus e it if it tastes bad, not if you don tlike it. when you get your bill, check it and then add fifteen to twenty percent to it as a tip for the waiter.1. counter 柜臺(tái) 2. tip 小費(fèi) 3. carriage 火 4. casual 5. percent 百分之 , 6. reservation 預(yù)定 7. refuse 拒絕1. there are types of restaurants here.a. threeb. fourc. fived. six2. we should sit in a coffee shop.a. near the door b. in the corner c. at a counte