初二英語(語法和重要詞匯)

1、 2. look after = take care of 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 8. eating habits 飲食習慣 10. the same as與什么相同 12. once a month 一月一次 14. make a differenee to 對 16. although = though 雖然 18. shop=go shopping=do 20. activity survey 活動調(diào)查 22. do house work 做家務(wù)事 24. junk food垃圾食物 26. be b

2、ad for對什么有害 28. want sb to do sth 想某人 30. come home from school 32. get good grades 取得好 34. hardly=not nearly / 36.be stressed 緊張的，有 38.get back 回來 ask for請求 agree with 贊同 all the time 一直 around the world在世界各地 at least 至少 at first 首先 as.as 象一樣 be angry with 生氣 be good at擅長于 be allowed被允許 be supposed

3、 to被期望/被要求 break the rule打破規(guī)則 complain about 抱怨 1. go to the movies 去看電影 照顧 3. surf the internet 上網(wǎng) 活方式 5. go skate boarding 去劃板 保持健康 7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports 鍛煉 9. take more exercise做更多的運動 11. be different from 不同 13. twice a week 周兩次 什么有影響 15. how often 多久一次 17. most of the student

4、s=most students some shopping 購物 19. as for 至于 21. do homework做家庭作業(yè) 23. eat less meat吃更少的肉 25. be good for對什么有益 27. want to do sth 想做某事 做某事 29. try to do sth盡量做某事 放學回家 31. of course = certainly = sure 當然 成績 33. some advice almost not兒乎不 35. keep/be in good health 保持健康 壓力的 37. take a vacation 去度假 a p

5、air of雙，一對 ask sb (not) to do sth 叫某人干 all year round 年到頭，全年 argue with與爭吵 arrive in/at 到達 at a meeting 在開會 as.as possible 盡可能 be able to 能夠 be mad at對感到氣憤 be careful 小心 be surprised 驚訝 be interested in 對感興趣 by the way 順便 come along出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生 come in進來 come true實現(xiàn)，達到 cut in line 插隊 call sb. up 打電話給do/was

6、h the dishes 洗碗 drop litter亂扔垃圾do well in在方面做得好 enjoy /finish doing sth 喜歡/完成某事end up 結(jié)束 fall in love with 愛上fall asleep 入睡 far from 遠離first of all 首先 fly to 飛向 find out 找到 keep out不讓進入 look smart看起來精干 look through 瀏覽 let sb get along 相處 get annoyed 生氣 get an education 受教育 get injured 受傷 give away 贈

7、送 go out of從出去/來 have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會 have been to 曾到過 hundreds of 好幾百 in a minute 一會兒 in good health身體健康 in the future未來,將來 in the playground 在操場 in silence默默地 .find it adj. to do sth keep.down 壓低聲音 look for 尋找 look after 照顧 let (sb) in 讓進 get over 克服 get bored 厭煩 get on (well) with 與相處(好) g

8、ive sb sth/give sth to sb 給某人某物 go skating去溜冰 have a fight with與打架/爭吵 have a great/good time 玩得愉快 hear about/of 聽說 had better (not) do sth 最好做 in 100 yearslOO 年后 in front of在前面 in the front of 在前面 in/out of style 時髦/過時 in order to U 的 in (Russian) style具有俄國風格in public places在公共場合 It take sb some tim

9、e to do sth.花費某人時間干某事 the same as與相同 try (not) to do sth 盡力(不)干 turn on/off打開/關(guān)掉 talk to/with 與談話 take part in 參加take off 起 take place 發(fā)生 take care (not) to do 小心(不)做 wait in line排隊等候 make sb do sth使某人干 make money 賺錢 more than 多于 three quarters 四分之三 turn up/down開大/關(guān)小 take care of 照顧 Etake away 拿走 ta

10、ke an interest in 廟感興趣 thanks for (doing)謝謝(做) want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干 make a living (doing sth)謀生 make friends with 與交友 need to do sth 需要干 not.anymore 不再 not.until 直到為止 not at all 點也不 on (my tenth) birthday 在(我十歲)生日 on the phone 在通話 on the one/other hand 在一(另)方面 open up 打開 put out 熄滅

11、pick.up 撿起 pass (sth) on (to sb)傳遞pay for 付款 part-time job 義職工作run out of 用盡 run away 逃跑rather than 勝于 right away立刻，馬上 seem to do sth 好象干 see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做 adj.(special) enough 夠(特別 spend.on/(in) doing sth 花費 sleep late睡懶覺 start/begin to do/doing sth 開始干某事 There will be fewer/less. -What sh

12、ould I do? -You should do. -what were you doing when.? -I was (doing).when. While he was (doing).,a girl called the police. If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers wont let you in. -How long have you been skating? -Ive been skating since nine o*clock/for five hours. Would you mind (not) doing s

13、th? Could you please (not) do sth? Why dont you /not (do sth)? How/What about sth /doing sth? 賓語 賓語表示動作行為的對象，跟在及物動詞之后，能作賓語的有名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞， 動詞不定式等。We like English.我們喜歡英語。 有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語，往往一個指人，一個指物，指人的叫間接賓語， 指物的叫直接賓語。He gave me some ink.他給了我一點墨水。 有些及物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個補足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補足語 構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。如：We make him our

14、 monitor.我們選他當班長。 狀語 修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分，叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副 詞，介詞短語，不定式和從句等。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之后或放在句尾。副 詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。 He lives in London.他住在倫敦。 補語 用來說明賓語或主語所處的狀態(tài)或正在進行的動作，因為英語中有些動詞加賓語 后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使.),ask(請)等等。如果我們說：我們使我們的 祖國。這不是一句完整的話。應(yīng)該說：我們使我們的祖國更美麗。這是的“美麗 的(beautifulf為形容詞做補語，說明祖國的狀態(tài)。英語句子為:We will mak

15、e our country more beautiful.作補語的詞或詞組為：形容詞，副詞，名詞，不定式，ing 形式，數(shù)詞等 主語 主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物，一般由名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，不定式等充當。 He likes watching TV.他喜歡看電視。 謂語 謂語說明主語的動作，狀態(tài)或特征。一般可分為兩類： 1) ，簡單謂語由動詞(或短語動詞)構(gòu)成?？梢杂胁煌臅r態(tài)，語態(tài)和語氣。We study for the people.我們?yōu)槿嗣駥W習。 2) ,復(fù)合謂語：情態(tài)動詞+不定式I can speak a little English.我可以說一點 英語。 Unit 1 How oft

16、en do you exercise? Grammar:特殊疑問句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom 等。 特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成及用法： 結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞+ 般疑問句，即：特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+ 謂語/表語(+其他) 疑問代詞： 1) Who:誰。做主語，用來指人Who is the boy under the tree? 2) Whom 誰，做賓語，用來指人 Whom are you writing to? 3) Whose誰的，用來指所屬關(guān)系，如果做定語，一般后接名詞Whose pen

17、 is this? 4) Which哪個，哪些，用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內(nèi)進行選擇Which girls will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lilys? 5) What什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在沒有指出范圍的悄況下What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now? 疑問副詞： When:何時，詢問時間 When Mil she come back? Where 何地，詢問地點，Where do you come from? Why 為什么，詢問原因，Why are you l

18、ate for school? How如何，詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等How do you usually go to school? How old 多大，詢問年齡,How old is Jims little brother? How many/much 多少，詢問數(shù)量 How many birds are there in the tree? How far 多遠，詢問距離，How far is it form your home to school? How long多長，多久，詢問時間的長度或距離How long will you stay in Beijing? How oft

19、en 多長時間按一次，詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your gran dpare nts? How soon 多久，詢問時間 How soon will you come back? 頻率副詞：表示動作發(fā)生的頻率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always. Unit 2 Whafs the matter with you? Grammar: 1. 用have來描述身體不適have/have got a +疾病名字；得了病 2. 情態(tài)動詞should,情態(tài)動詞should , can, may, must沒有人稱和時態(tài)的

20、變化， 后接動詞原形 Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation? Grammar:現(xiàn)在進行時表將來一般將來時 表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型“be + doing”其中be是助動詞，它 有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v. -ing是現(xiàn)在進行時的形式，但 用于表示將來。用進行時表將來，常用于表示即將來臨的未來預(yù)定要做的事情， 一般指個人汁劃要做的事。用于此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如， go, come, leave, start, arrive, move 等。 .肯定句中，結(jié)構(gòu)為be + doing.

21、 I am going shopping this afternoon. 二. 否定句是在 be 之后加 not. Im not going to shopping this afternoon. 三. 一般疑問句是將 be 置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?Yes, I am/ we are. No, Im not./ We arent 四. 特殊疑問句“疑問詞+般疑問句語序。” What are you doing for vacation?When is he going camping? Who are you going there

22、 with?Where is she going? Unit 4 How do you get to school? Grammar: How 引導的特殊疑問句：是指以 How, how far, how long, how old ,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。 How does he get to school? He takes the train to get to school. How long does it take to walk? -It takes about 35 minutes to walk How far is it from your

23、home to school? Its four miles from my home to school. How old is he now? She is twelve years old now. How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks How much is this coat? This coat is 200 dollars 特殊疑問句的簡略結(jié)構(gòu)：how about.?+名詞或動詞ing形式，用于提出建議、 請求或征求意見、詢問消息等。如：How about playing tennis? Unit 5 Ca

24、n you come to my party? Grammar:情態(tài)動詞can及邀請句式及其問答 情態(tài)動詞can的用法： Can是最長用的情態(tài)動詞，其后跟動詞原形，can的否定形式為cannot, cant, can 表能力”,意思是：能，會 I can play basketball ,but I cant swim. can表示能力時可和be able to互換，be able to有更多的時態(tài)，常被用來表示 can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months

25、表示可能性”,意思是:可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people. 表示允許，意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it. 表示“驚訝、不相信等（用于疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中”。意思是“會、可能?！?This cant be true. Can it be true? 如何發(fā)出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請 表達邀請的常用句型： Can you come to？ Could you come to.? Would you like to come to.? Do you want to come

26、 to.? 接受邀請的常用句型： Sure. Certainly OK. Id love to. 謝絕邀請的常用句型： Pm sorry, I cant. I have to Im afraid I cant I have to. I dont think I can. I have to. Unit 6 Pm more outgoing than my sister. Grammar:形容詞的比較級 規(guī)則變化、不規(guī)則變化（課本P93） than是比較級中最常見的標志詞，意思是“比”。用于引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.You*re older than

27、 I am. You are older than me. 形容詞比較級前,有時可以用much , far, a little ,a bit, even, three times等詞來 修飾。Much和far表示 得多”,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微, 些，一點。a little shorter,稍微矮點；even表示“甚至,更加，還要even bigger 還要大些，three times 表示“三倍”，如 three times bigger than 比 大三倍 Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級，very ,so ,too , quite修飾原級 U

28、nit 7 How do you make banana milk shake? Grammar:可數(shù)右詞與不可數(shù)名詞 一. 可數(shù)名詞 英語中的物質(zhì)名詞大體上可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量 可數(shù)。其單數(shù)形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個，如a pear.其負數(shù)形式要在 詞尾加-s,或-es （特殊情況除外），如 two bananas, three tomatoes. Many apples a few students few bags 二. 不可數(shù)名詞 1.不可數(shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量不可數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，也不能在詞前 直接加冠詞a或an.表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時可在

29、不可數(shù)名詞前加相應(yīng)的由量 詞構(gòu)成的短語。如a bag of.2.常見的量詞短語有： a piece of. a cup of. a teaspoon of. a bottle of. 3. 不可數(shù)名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數(shù)量:much: much rain , a little, little 4. 既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有： Lots of= a lot of許多，大量 some 些（用于肯定句）any 些（用于否定 句和一般疑問句） Unit 8 How was your school trip? Grammar: 一般過去時：指在過去某一時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)

30、，常和表示過去意義 的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday, last year（week ,month.）,two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when ,after .before , as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。 該時態(tài)在句中的體現(xiàn)是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞-was/were否定： wasnt /werent Be動詞句型 般疑問句：was/were +主語 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+was/were+主語 陳述句：主語+was/were+.（肯定句）否定句：主語+wasn,t/weren,t+. 行為動詞句型（當句中的動詞為行為動詞時，要借助動詞did構(gòu)

31、成一般疑問句和 否定句） 肯定式：主語+動詞過去式 否定式：主語+didnt+動詞原形 一般疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形 特殊疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形 Unit 9 When was he born? Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊疑問句 一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現(xiàn)在時一樣，不同之處在于須將be動詞 或助動詞改為過去時態(tài)，即“特殊疑問詞+were或was（第三人稱單數(shù)）+主語+（表 語）+其他成分”或“特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分?！?以when引導的特殊疑問句，對某人的出生年月進行提問，句型是： When was/were.born? was/we

32、re born in +曰寸|、可 When was David Beckham born?大衛(wèi).貝克漢姆是什么時候出生的？ He was bom in 1975. 二. 以how long引導的特殊疑問句，對表示某一短時間的狀語進行提問。句型 是： How long did + 主語+動詞？ How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months. 三. When did he start hiccupping?他什么時候開始打嗝？ When +did+主語+ 動詞？ Unit 10 Pm going

33、 to be a basketball player. Grammar：般將來時 表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動 作，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。 1 be going to + 動詞原形 What are you going to do n ext Sun day? 2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week. 3. be +v.-ingThe Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow. 4. be + 動詞不定式

34、 You are to be back by 10 oclock. 5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin. Unit 11 Could you please clean your room? Grammar:情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞，表示說話者對某一動作的看法和態(tài)度，包括可能、懷疑、允許、愿望、 必要、猜測等。Can（能、會）,may（可以）,must（必須、一定）等。 情態(tài)動詞的特點：（1）情態(tài)動詞有一定詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須和另一個 動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，且沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。1.1 can speak English. 2

35、. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now. （2）變否定句時，直接在情態(tài)動詞后面加not,無需加助動詞。He cant play the guitar well He cant answer the questi on. You must nt be late （3）含有情態(tài)動詞的句字變一般疑問句時，須將情態(tài)動詞提前c Can you help me? Must I go there at once? （4）can可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測，意為“能，會，可以?！眂ant,意 為“不能，不會，不可以?！?，還有“不可能”之意。 -Can

36、 you drive? - Sorry, I cant It cant be true. （5）can也可表示請求與邀請 A. bring B. to bring C brought 14、I dont know A. where does he live B. what is he doing C. where he lives D what he is during it 15、Ask him how much A. did it cost B cost it C. it costed D. it costs 16、I wonderused for. A. what was this ro

37、om B. which was this room C. what this room was D that this room was 17、I really donl know. A. where he was bom B. where he is bom C. where was he bom D. where is he bom 18、We have no idea A. how worried was he B. how worried he was C. that was he worried D what was he worried 19、He wanted to knowth

38、ere. A. how long time I had been B. how long had I been C. how long I had been D. how long I was 20、My mother wants to know- . A. how is Tom getting alongB. how he is getting along C. what is he getting alongD what he is getting along 21、 What shall we doit rains tomorrow? A. ifB. whenC. since 22、Th

39、e doctor didnt have a restthe operation was over. A. beforeB. afterC until 23、She didnt go to the cinemashe was very busy. A. when B. untilC. Because 24、His parents didnt send their children to schoollife was hard. A. ifB. whileC because 25、Finish doing your homework you go to bed. A. beforeB. until

40、C. after 26、The film wasinterestingall of us wanted to see it again. A. as, as B. so, that C. such, that 27、he heard a girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room. A. Before B. As soon as C. after 28、There arestudents in Class Onein Class Two. A. as many, thanB. as much, as C. more, than

41、 D so many, as 29、I was watching TV, my sister was litening to the radio programme. A. AfterB. WhileC. Before 30、Lets wait for him he back A. until, will come B. until, came C if, will come D. until, comes 31、Ill rememberher the letter. A. give B gave C. to give 32、He turned on the radio and stopped

42、to the radio. A. listened B to listenC listening 33、He had decided it again. A. writtenB. writingC to write 34、lt*s cold You need warm clothes A. to wear B wearing C. wore 35、Mr. Black mill agreethere with you. A. to goB. went C. will go 36、They were able tolast year. A. swam B swim C. swimming 37、S

43、he is pleasedher friend. A. to meetB. metC. meeting 38、They were sorry that. A. to hearB. heardC. hearing 39、He is suretomorrow. A. to come B. will come C coming 40、Teacher told usquiet. A. is B. are C. to be 41、He will teach methis year. A. to skate B. skating C. skated 42、They asked himany noise.

44、A. not making B. no makeC. not to make43 Did you hear herthe song in English last night? A. sing B. sang C. to sing D. sings 44、The students don*t knownext. A to do whatB. what to do C what doD. do what 45、The boss made themten hours a day. A. worked B working C. work D to work 46、Id like my good tr

45、iendto my home A. come B. will come C comi ng D. to come 47、Will you help methis morning? A. do the washB to do the wash C. do the washing D doing the washing 48、Id lovethat film, will it be on tomorrow? A. see B. to see C seeing D. seen 49、He told themon with the work. A. to go B. goingC. go D. wen

46、t 50、Well trythe work before seven oclock. A. finished B. finish C. to finish D. finishing 51 、 Ifs raining hard Yoifd better A. go outB. not go out C. no to go out D. to not go out 52This math problem is difficult Let meit over. A. to thinkB. thinkingC. thinkD. thought 53、 Sorryve kept you for a I

47、on g time. A. wait B. to wait C. waiting D. waited 54lt*s not easy a foreign Ianguage A. learns B. learn C to learn D. learning 55、 The doctor was busyon the woman at that time. A. operate B operating C. to operate D operated 56Im hungry. Please give me something A. eat B. eating C. to eat D. eaten

48、57、Mr. Smith enjoysto light music A. listens B. to listen C. listening D listen 58、It was very late at night he still went on A. works B. worked C. working D work 59、When they walked along the river, they suddenly heard somebody for help. A. call B. calling C. called D. to call 60、Stopand listen to

49、me carefully said the teacher. A. to talk B. talking C. talk D. talks 61、The teacher asked methe question in English. A. answerB. to answer C answered D. answering 62It was eleven oclock, she stopped the child fromTV. A. watch B watching C. to watch D watched 63、He is strong enoughthe box. A. carry

50、B. to carry C. carryingD. carries 64、Please be quiet. Youtalk loudly in the library. A. neednt B mustnt C. need D must 65、Dont be late Yoube there on time A. must B. can C. may D. needrVt 66、I speak to Ann? Speaking. A. Must B. May C Need D. Shall 67 Ive looked for my pen everywhere, but Ifind it. A

51、. couldnt B cant C. mustntD. didnt 68、Excuse me I ask you a question? A. will B. do C. may D. would 69、This science book good care of. A must be takeB. must take C. must be taken D must to be taken 70、“Must I finish my homework now?1 HNo, you A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D may not 1-5CAACB 6-10 CACCC

52、 11-15 AABBD 16-20 CABCB 21-25 ACCDA 26-30 BBCBD 31-35 CBCAA 36-40 BAAAC 4145 ACABC 46- -50 DCBAC 51-55 BCCCB 56 60 CCCBB 6165 BBBBA 66-70 BBCCC 一% 一般現(xiàn)在時： 概念：經(jīng)常.反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 時間狀語： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month.), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞 否

53、定形式：am/is/are + not;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加 dog如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt,同時還原行為動詞。 一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱 單數(shù)，則用does,同時，還原行為動詞。 二、一般過去時： 概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。 時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, mon th.), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, l

54、ong long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞 否定形式：was/were + not;在行為動詞前加didnt,同時還原行為動詞。 一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did提問，同 時還原行為動詞。 三、現(xiàn)在進行時： 概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。 時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are +doing 否定形式：am/is/are +not + doing. 一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。 四、過去進行時： 概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。 時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般 過去時的時間狀語等。 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were +doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。 五、現(xiàn)在完成時： 概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開 始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 時間狀語：recently，lately, since.for.,in the pas