畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 智能交通信號(hào)燈控制 中英文對(duì)照

1、英語(yǔ)原文intelligent traffic light control by marco wieringthe topic i picked for our community project was traffic lights. in a community, people need stop signs and traffic lights to slow down drivers from going too fast. if there were no traffic lights or stop signs, peoples lives would be in danger f

2、rom drivers going too fast. the urban traffic trends towards the saturation, the rate of increase of the road of big city far lags behind rate of increase of the car.the urban passenger traffic has already become the main part of city traffic day by day and it has used about 80% of the area of road

3、of center district. with the increase of population and industry activity, peoples traffic is more and more frequent, which is unavoidable. what means of transportation people adopt produces pressure completely different to city traffic. according to calculating, if it is 1 to adopt the area of road

4、 that the public transport needs, bike needs 5-7, car needs 15-25, even to walk is 3 times more than to take public transits. so only by building road cant solve the city traffic problem finally yet. every large city of the world increases the traffic policy to the first place of the question.for ex

5、ample， according to calculating, when the automobile owning amount of shanghai reaches 800,000 (outside cars count separately ), if it distributes still as now for example: center district accounts for great proportion, even when several loop-lines and arterial highways have been built up , the traf

6、fic cannot be improved more than before and the situation might be even worse. so the traffic policy shanghai must adopt , or called traffic strategy is that have priority to develop public passenger traffic of city, narrow the scope of using of the bicycle progressively , control the scale of growt

7、h of the car traffic in the center district, limit the development of the motorcycle strictly. there are more municipals project under construction in big city. the influence on the traffic is greater.municipal infrastructure construction is originally a good thing of alleviating the traffic, but in

8、 the course of constructing, it unavoidably influence the local traffic. some road sections are blocked, some change into an one-way lane, thus the vehicle can only take a devious route . the construction makes the road very narrow, forming the bottleneck, which seriously influence the car flow.when

9、 having stop signs and traffic lights, people have a tendency to drive slower and look out for people walking in the middle of streets. to put a traffic light or a stop sign in a community, it takes a lot of work and planning from the community and the city to put one in. it is not cheap to do it ei

10、ther. the community first needs to take a petition around to everyone in the community and have them sign so they can take it to the board when the next city council meeting is. a couple residents will present it to the board, and they will decide weather or not to put it in or not. if not put in a

11、lot of residents might be mad and bad things could happened to that part of the city. when the planning of putting traffic lights and stop signs, you should look at the subdivision plan and figure out where all the buildings and schools are for the protection of students walking and riding home from

12、 school. in our plan that we have made, we will need traffic lights next to the school, so people will look out for the students going home. we will need a stop sign next to the park incase kids run out in the street. this will help the protection of the kids having fun. will need a traffic light se

13、parating the mall and the store. this will be the busiest part of the town with people going to the mall and the store. and finally there will need to be a stop sign at the end of the streets so people dont drive too fast and get in a big accident. if this is down everyone will be safe driving, walk

14、ing, or riding their bikes. in putting in a traffic light, it takes a lot of planning and money to complete it. a traffic light cost around $40,000 to $125,000 and sometimes more depending on the location. if a business goes in and a traffic light needs to go in, the business or businesses will have

15、 to pay some money to pay for it to make sure everyone is safe going from and to that business. also if there is too many accidents in one particular place in a city, a traffic light will go in to safe people from getting a severe accident and ending their life and maybe someone elses. the reason i

16、picked this part of our community development report was that traffic is a very important part of a city. if not for traffic lights and stop signs, peoples lives would be in danger every time they walked out their doors. people will be driving extremely fast and people will be hit just trying to hav

17、e fun with their friends. so having traffic lights and stop signs this will prevent all this from happening. traffic in a city is very much affected by traffic light controllers. when waiting for a traffic light, the driver looses time and the car uses fuel. hence, reducing waiting times before traf

18、fic lights can save our european society billions of euros annually. to make traffic light controllers more intelligent, we exploit the emergence of novel technologies such as communication networks and sensor networks, as well as the use of more sophisticated algorithms for setting traffic lights.

19、intelligent traffic light control does not only mean that traffic lights are set in order to minimize waiting times of road users, but also that road users receive information about how to drive through a city in order to minimize their waiting times. this means that we are coping with a complex mul

20、ti-agent system, where communication and coordination play essential roles. our research has led to a novel system in which traffic light controllers and the behaviour of car drivers are optimized using machine-learning methods.our idea of setting a traffic light is as follows. suppose there are a n

21、umber of cars with their destination address standing before a crossing. all cars communicate to the traffic light their specific place in the queue and their destination address. now the traffic light has to decide which option (ie, which lanes are to be put on green) is optimal to minimize the lon

22、g-term average waiting time until all cars have arrived at their destination address. the learning traffic light controllers solve this problem by estimating how long it would take for a car to arrive at its destination address (for which the car may need to pass many different traffic lights) when

23、currently the light would be put on green, and how long it would take if the light would be put on red. the difference between the waiting time for red and the waiting time for green is the gain for the car. now the traffic light controllers set the lights in such a way to maximize the average gain

24、of all cars standing before the crossing. to estimate the waiting times, we use reinforcement learning which keeps track of the waiting times of individual cars and uses a smart way to compute the long term average waiting times using dynamic programming algorithms. one nice feature is that the syst

25、em is very fair; it never lets one car wait for a very long time, since then its gain of setting its own light to green becomes very large, and the optimal decision of the traffic light will set his light to green. furthermore, since we estimate waiting times before traffic lights until the destinat

26、ion of the road user has been reached, the road user can use this information to choose to which next traffic light to go, thereby improving its driving behaviour through a city. note that we solve the traffic light control problem by using a distributed multi-agent system, where cooperation and coo

27、rdination are done by communication, learning, and voting mechanisms. to allow for green waves during extremely busy situations, we combine our algorithm with a special bucket algorithm which propagates gains from one traffic light to the next one, inducing stronger voting on the next traffic contro

28、ller option. we have implemented the green light district, a traffic simulator in java in which infrastructures can be edited easily by using the mouse, and different levels of road usage can be simulated. a large number of fixed and learning traffic light controllers have already been tested in the

29、 simulator and the resulting average waiting times of cars have been plotted and compared. the results indicate that the learning controllers can reduce average waiting times with at least 10% in semi-busy traffic situations, and even much more when high congestion of the traffic occurs.we are curre

30、ntly studying the behaviour of the learning traffic light controllers on many different infrastructures in our simulator. we are also planning to cooperate with other institutes and companies in the netherlands to apply our system to real world traffic situations. for this, modern technologies such

31、as communicating networks can be brought to use on a very large scale, making the necessary communication between road users and traffic lights possible.中文翻譯： 智能交通信號(hào)燈控制 馬克威寧我所選擇的社區(qū)項(xiàng)目主題是交通燈。在一個(gè)社會(huì)，人們需要停車標(biāo)志和交通燈，以減緩司機(jī)從走得太快。如果沒(méi)有交通燈或停止的標(biāo)志，駕駛員將開得很快以至于威脅到人們的生活。大城市的交通問(wèn)題是越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重，原因有很多方面共同造成的。在接近飽和的城市交通的趨勢(shì)，大的城市道

32、路增長(zhǎng)速度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于汽車的增長(zhǎng)速度。城市客運(yùn)交通已經(jīng)成為城市交通日新月異的主要組成部分，它使用了約80對(duì)中心區(qū)道路面積。隨著人口和產(chǎn)業(yè)活動(dòng)的增加，人們的出行越來(lái)越頻繁是不可避免的。什么樣的交通設(shè)施產(chǎn)生壓力的手段采取完全不同的城市交通。據(jù)計(jì)算，如果采用的是1區(qū)的道路公共交通的需求，自行車需要5-7，汽車需要15-25，甚至步行3倍多乘搭公共過(guò)境。因此，通過(guò)修建道路并不能最終解決城市交通問(wèn)題。世界的每一個(gè)大城市都把處理該市交通問(wèn)題當(dāng)成最重要的事情來(lái)對(duì)待。當(dāng)有停車標(biāo)志和交通燈，人們有一種傾向會(huì)把車開慢點(diǎn)開慢點(diǎn)，并向四周看看，是否有人們?cè)诮值乐凶叱?。把一個(gè)交通燈，或在一個(gè)社區(qū)停止的標(biāo)志，它需要從社會(huì)上

33、大量的工作，諸如規(guī)劃和城市，而且干這個(gè)事情的成本不是很便宜。社區(qū)首先需要采取請(qǐng)?jiān)钢車總€(gè)人在社會(huì)上并讓他們簽名，以便他們能夠到董事會(huì)下一次市議會(huì)會(huì)議。每一對(duì)夫婦的想法都將提交給董事會(huì)，他們將決定究竟要不要投入或不是。如果不同意設(shè)置大量的交通燈，大量的居民便會(huì)很懊惱，那些道路上不好的事情就可能發(fā)生在這個(gè)城市的某一部分。當(dāng)規(guī)劃交通燈和停車標(biāo)志的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該再看看細(xì)分計(jì)劃，并找出其中所有的建筑物和學(xué)校。以便確認(rèn)學(xué)生無(wú)論是騎車還是步行回家時(shí)能夠受到足夠的保護(hù)。在我們已經(jīng)取得的計(jì)劃中，我們將需要把交通燈安置在學(xué)校的旁邊，所以人們?cè)隈{駛時(shí)會(huì)留心前方是否有學(xué)生回家了。我們需要一個(gè)停止標(biāo)志緊靠著公園以防孩子們

34、突然從公園里跑到外面的馬路上。這將有助于保護(hù)孩子的玩樂(lè)。將需要一個(gè)紅綠燈分離商場(chǎng)和商店。這將是與去商場(chǎng)和商店的人的小鎮(zhèn)最繁忙的一部分。最后還有一個(gè)需要在街道盡頭放置一個(gè)停止標(biāo)志。這樣就會(huì)提醒駕駛員不要開得太快，從而避免一個(gè)大交通事故。如果以上所說(shuō)的都得到解決，大家無(wú)論是駕駛，步行，或騎自行車，都會(huì)很安全。要想安置一個(gè)交通燈，需要完成它的規(guī)劃精力和資金來(lái)很多。一個(gè)紅綠燈費(fèi)用約40,000美元至125,000美元，有時(shí)位置的不同則需要更多的。如果企業(yè)在那邊，那么一個(gè)紅綠燈也需要在那邊，企業(yè)或法人單位將不得不付出一些金錢，購(gòu)買它，以確保每個(gè)人的安全，并且繼續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)自己公司的業(yè)務(wù)。另外，如果在一個(gè)城市一個(gè)特定的地方，總是有許多事故發(fā)生，一個(gè)交通燈就會(huì)需要出現(xiàn)在那里，以確保人們不再受到一些足以結(jié)束他們生命的交通事故的威脅。這對(duì)于別人也是一種安全保障。我之所以挑選這個(gè)社區(qū)的發(fā)展報(bào)告的一部分是因?yàn)榻煌ㄊ且粋€(gè)城市的重要組成部分。如果沒(méi)有交通燈和停止的標(biāo)志，人們的生活在每次他們走出大門時(shí)將受到威脅。人們會(huì)開車開得非?？?，駕駛?cè)藢⑹艿阶矒粼蛑皇窍肱c他們的朋友的玩樂(lè)。因此，有交通燈和停車標(biāo)志這將防止發(fā)生這一切。一個(gè)城市的交通是受紅綠燈控制的很大的影響。當(dāng)在等待一個(gè)交通燈的時(shí)候，司機(jī)們失去了寶貴的時(shí)間和汽車使用的